《九上英语M2思维导图》

I. Unit 1: How do you study for a test?

A. Vocabulary & Phrases

• 1. Studying Strategies:
  • Memorize vocabulary (记忆词汇)
  • Review notes (复习笔记)
  • Do grammar exercises (做语法练习)
  • Read the textbook (阅读课本)
  • Ask for help (寻求帮助)
  • Form study groups (组成学习小组)
  • Make flashcards (制作单词卡)
  • Practice speaking (练习口语)
  • Take practice tests (做模拟测试)
• 2. Adverbs of Frequency & Degree:
  • Always (总是)
  • Usually (通常)
  • Often (经常)
  • Sometimes (有时)
  • Hardly ever (几乎不)
  • Never (从不)
  • Very (非常)
  • Quite (相当)
  • Extremely (极其)
  • A little (一点)
• 3. Other Useful Words & Phrases:
  • Improve (提高)
  • Performance (表现)
  • Concentrate (集中注意力)
  • Effective (有效的)
  • Method (方法)
  • Review (复习)
  • Progress (进步)
  • Difficult (困难的)
  • Understand (理解)
  • Helpful (有帮助的)

B. Grammar: Adverbs of Frequency and Degree

• 1. Position of Adverbs of Frequency:
  • Before the main verb (在主要动词之前): I usually study.
  • After the auxiliary verb "be" (在be动词之后): He is always late.
  • Between auxiliary and main verb (在助动词和主要动词之间): They have never been there.
• 2. Position of Adverbs of Degree:
  • Before the adjective or adverb they modify (在修饰的形容词或副词之前): It's very cold. He speaks quite well.
  • Enough is placed after the adjective or adverb (enough放在形容词或副词之后): He is tall enough.
• 3. Specific Usage:
  • "Always" implies 100% frequency.
  • "Never" implies 0% frequency.
  • "Sometimes" and "often" can be used at the beginning or end of a sentence for emphasis.
  • "Hardly ever" implies a very low frequency.

C. Reading Comprehension: Studying Habits

• 1. Identifying Main Ideas: Recognizing the central points of a text about study techniques.
• 2. Understanding Specific Details: Comprehending details related to different studying strategies and their effectiveness.
• 3. Making Inferences: Drawing logical conclusions based on the information presented in the text about successful studying.
• 4. Vocabulary in Context: Understanding the meaning of words based on how they are used in the passage.

D. Speaking: Discussing Study Methods

• 1. Asking Questions:
  • "How do you study for a test?"
  • "What's your favorite way to learn new words?"
  • "How often do you review your notes?"
• 2. Giving Advice:
  • "You should try making flashcards."
  • "I think it's helpful to join a study group."
  • "It's important to review your notes regularly."
• 3. Expressing Opinions:
  • "I think memorizing vocabulary is very important."
  • "In my opinion, taking practice tests is the most effective way to prepare."
  • "I believe that asking for help is a good idea."

II. Unit 2: I used to be afraid of the dark.

A. Vocabulary & Phrases

• 1. Past Habits & States:
  • Used to (过去常常)
  • Be afraid of (害怕)
  • Be good at (擅长)
  • Be different from (与…不同)
  • Be shy (害羞的)
• 2. Activities & Hobbies:
  • Climb trees (爬树)
  • Play tricks on (捉弄)
  • Collect stamps (集邮)
  • Tell jokes (讲笑话)
  • Sing loudly (大声唱歌)
  • Dance (跳舞)
  • Play the piano (弹钢琴)
• 3. Describing People & Things:
  • Outgoing (外向的)
  • Quiet (安静的)
  • Serious (严肃的)
  • Funny (有趣的)
  • Creative (有创造力的)
  • Smart (聪明的)
  • Popular (受欢迎的)
• 4. Other Useful Words & Phrases:
  • Change (改变)
  • Different (不同的)
  • Confident (自信的)
  • Enjoy (享受)
  • Remember (记得)
  • Believe (相信)
  • Happen (发生)

B. Grammar: Used To

• 1. Structure:
  • Affirmative: Subject + used to + base form of verb
  • Negative: Subject + didn't use to + base form of verb
  • Question: Did + subject + use to + base form of verb?
• 2. Usage:
  • Describes a past habit or state that is no longer true in the present. I used to play football, but I don't anymore.
  • Distinction from "be/get used to": "Be used to" means to be accustomed to something. "Get used to" means to become accustomed to something.

C. Reading Comprehension: Changes Over Time

• 1. Identifying Changes: Recognizing how people or things have changed from the past to the present.
• 2. Understanding Reasons for Change: Comprehending the causes behind changes in behavior, personality, or circumstances.
• 3. Comparing Past and Present: Contrasting how things used to be with how they are now.
• 4. Understanding Emotions: Identifying and understanding the feelings associated with past experiences.

D. Speaking: Describing Past Habits and Changes

• 1. Talking About Past Habits:
  • "I used to collect stamps when I was younger."
  • "She used to be very shy."
  • "They didn't use to like spicy food."
• 2. Comparing Past and Present:
  • "I used to be afraid of the dark, but not anymore."
  • "He used to be quiet, but now he's very outgoing."
  • "She used to play the piano, but she doesn't have time now."
• 3. Asking About Past Experiences:
  • "Did you use to play sports when you were a child?"
  • "What did you use to do in your free time?"
  • "Did you use to live here?"