《初一上学期U5英语思维导图译林版》
中心主题：描述人物 (Describing People)
核心语法:
- Be动词 (am, is, are): 描述人物的身份，状态，特征。
- 形容词 (Adjectives): 描述人物的外貌，性格等。
- 情态动词 (can, should): 描述人物的能力，职责等。
- 所有格 (Possessives): 表达人物的所属关系。
- 一般现在时 (Simple Present): 描述人物的习惯性行为。
- 现在进行时 (Present Continuous): 描述人物正在进行的动作。
主线一：外貌 (Appearance)
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头发 (Hair):
- 颜色 (Color): black, brown, blonde, red, grey, white
- 长短 (Length): long, short, medium-length
- 发型 (Style): straight, curly, wavy, spiky, bald
- 例句: She has long, blonde, curly hair. He is bald.
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眼睛 (Eyes):
- 颜色 (Color): blue, green, brown, grey, hazel
- 形状 (Shape): big, small, round, almond-shaped
- 例句: He has big, brown eyes. She has almond-shaped, green eyes.
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身高 (Height):
- 形容词 (Adjectives): tall, short, medium-height
- 比较级 (Comparative): taller, shorter
- 最高级 (Superlative): the tallest, the shortest
- 例句: He is tall. She is shorter than her brother.
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体型 (Build):
- 形容词 (Adjectives): thin, slim, fat, overweight, muscular, well-built
- 例句: He is thin. She is well-built.
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其他特征 (Other Features):
- 脸型 (Face shape): round, oval, square, long
- 鼻子 (Nose): big, small, straight, hooked
- 嘴巴 (Mouth): big, small, full, thin
- 其他 (Other): freckles, dimples, beard, mustache, glasses
- 例句: He has a beard and glasses. She has freckles on her face.
主线二：性格 (Personality)
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正面性格 (Positive Personality Traits):
- kind, friendly, helpful, honest, brave, clever, intelligent, funny, happy, generous, polite, patient, confident, outgoing, optimistic
- 例句: She is a kind and helpful person. He is a brave and confident leader.
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负面性格 (Negative Personality Traits):
- lazy, shy, rude, selfish, dishonest, unkind, impatient, pessimistic, arrogant, stubborn, jealous, bossy, aggressive
- 例句: He is a lazy and selfish boy. She is a rude and impatient girl.
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描述方式 (Ways to Describe):
- 用形容词直接描述: He is funny.
- 用行为描述: He always makes people laugh. (He is funny.)
- 用感觉描述: I feel happy when I am with him. (He is funny.)
主线三：能力 (Abilities)
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能做什么 (What can they do?):
- can + 动词原形 (can + verb): play the piano, speak English, swim fast, run quickly, dance well, sing beautifully, draw well
- 例句: She can play the piano. He can speak English fluently.
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擅长什么 (What are they good at?):
- be good at + doing something: playing sports, learning languages, solving problems, helping others
- 例句: He is good at playing sports. She is good at learning languages.
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不擅长什么 (What are they not good at?):
- be bad at + doing something: cooking, singing, drawing, dancing
- 例句: He is bad at cooking. She is bad at singing.
主线四：职业 (Occupation) & 爱好 (Hobbies)
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职业 (Occupation):
- teacher, doctor, nurse, student, farmer, worker, police officer, firefighter, actor, singer, writer, artist
- 例句: She is a teacher. He is a doctor.
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爱好 (Hobbies):
- reading, writing, painting, drawing, singing, dancing, playing sports, playing games, watching movies, listening to music, collecting stamps, traveling
- 例句: His hobbies are reading and writing. Her hobby is painting.
主线五：习惯 (Habits) & 日常生活 (Daily Life)
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习惯性动作 (Habitual Actions):
- 一般现在时 (Simple Present): always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never + 动词
- 例句: He always gets up early. She usually eats breakfast at 7 am.
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日常生活 (Daily Life):
- wake up, get up, brush teeth, wash face, have breakfast, go to school, study, have lunch, have dinner, go to bed
- 例句: She wakes up at 6 am every day. He goes to school at 7:30 am.
词汇扩展 (Vocabulary Expansion):
- 表达程度 (Expressing Degree): very, quite, pretty, a little, extremely
- 连接词 (Connectors): and, but, or, so, because, although, however
- 同义词替换 (Synonym Replacement): beautiful/pretty, happy/joyful, sad/unhappy, clever/smart
例句组合 (Example Sentence Combinations):
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"He is a tall, thin boy with short, black hair and brown eyes. He is very kind and helpful. He can play the guitar well and is good at learning languages. He is a student and enjoys reading in his free time. He always studies hard and gets good grades."
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"She is a short, slim girl with long, blonde hair and blue eyes. She is quite shy but very intelligent. She can dance beautifully and is good at drawing. She is an artist and likes to paint landscapes. She usually wakes up early and goes for a walk before breakfast."
写作技巧 (Writing Techniques):
- 使用丰富的形容词 (Use a variety of adjectives): 不要只用"good" "bad"等简单的形容词。
- 运用细节 (Use details): 不仅描述外貌，还要描述性格，能力，爱好等。
- 加入情感 (Add emotion): 让读者感受到你对人物的感受。
- 使用过渡词 (Use transition words): 使文章更流畅。
- 修改和润色 (Revise and edit): 检查语法错误和拼写错误。
思维导图总结:
这个思维导图以“描述人物”为中心，从外貌，性格，能力，职业/爱好，习惯/日常生活五个方面展开。每个方面都包含更详细的描述和例子。通过这个思维导图，可以更系统地学习和掌握描述人物的英语表达。 可以根据自己的需要，在这个基础上进行修改和补充，使它更适合自己的学习风格。 通过练习，可以更熟练地运用这些知识，提高英语表达能力。