天气思维导图英语单词

# 《天气思维导图 英语单词》

## I. Central Idea: Weather (天气)

*   **Definition:** The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

## II. Basic Weather Conditions (基本天气状况)

*   **Sunny (晴朗的):**
    *   Definition: Bright with sunshine.
    *   Related Words: Sun (太阳), Sunshine (阳光), Clear skies (晴空), UV rays (紫外线), Heat (热)
    *   Examples: A sunny day, Enjoy the sunshine, Wear sunscreen.
*   **Cloudy (多云的):**
    *   Definition: Full of or covered with clouds.
    *   Related Words: Clouds (云), Overcast (阴天), Grey (灰色), Shade (阴凉), Dim (昏暗)
    *   Examples: A cloudy sky, Feel a bit gloomy, Need a light on.
*   **Rainy (下雨的):**
    *   Definition: Having much rain; wet.
    *   Related Words: Rain (雨), Rainfall (降雨量), Shower (阵雨), Downpour (倾盆大雨), Drizzle (毛毛雨)
    *   Examples: A rainy season, Bring an umbrella, Listen to the rain.
*   **Windy (有风的):**
    *   Definition: Having much wind.
    *   Related Words: Wind (风), Breeze (微风), Gale (强风), Hurricane (飓风), Gust (阵风)
    *   Examples: A windy day, The wind is blowing, Fly a kite.
*   **Snowy (下雪的):**
    *   Definition: Characterized by snow.
    *   Related Words: Snow (雪), Snowflake (雪花), Snowfall (降雪量), Blizzard (暴风雪), Winter (冬天)
    *   Examples: A snowy landscape, Make a snowman, Shovel the snow.
*   **Foggy (有雾的):**
    *   Definition: Full of or accompanied by fog.
    *   Related Words: Fog (雾), Mist (薄雾), Visibility (能见度), Dense fog (浓雾), Hazy (朦胧)
    *   Examples: A foggy morning, Drive carefully, Limited visibility.

## III. Extreme Weather Conditions (极端天气状况)

*   **Hurricane (飓风):**
    *   Definition: A severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving 73–136 miles per hour.
    *   Related Words: Cyclone (气旋), Typhoon (台风), Storm surge (风暴潮), Evacuation (疏散), Damage (损害)
    *   Examples: Hurricane Katrina, Prepare for the hurricane, Board up windows.
*   **Tornado (龙卷风):**
    *   Definition: A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
    *   Related Words: Twister (旋风), Funnel cloud (漏斗云), Vortex (涡流), Shelter (避难所), Debris (碎片)
    *   Examples: Tornado Alley, Seek shelter immediately, Watch for signs.
*   **Flood (洪水):**
    *   Definition: An overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
    *   Related Words: Overflow (溢出), Inundation (淹没), Levee (堤坝), Evacuate (撤离), Rescue (救援)
    *   Examples: Flash flood, The river overflowed, Sandbags.
*   **Drought (干旱):**
    *   Definition: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
    *   Related Words: Aridity (干旱), Water scarcity (缺水), Famine (饥荒), Crop failure (作物歉收), Reservoir (水库)
    *   Examples: A severe drought, Conserve water, Irrigation.
*   **Heatwave (热浪):**
    *   Definition: A prolonged period of abnormally hot weather.
    *   Related Words: Intense heat (酷热), Sunstroke (中暑), Dehydration (脱水), Heat index (热指数), Air conditioning (空调)
    *   Examples: Stay hydrated during the heatwave, Seek shade, Limit outdoor activities.
*   **Blizzard (暴风雪):**
    *   Definition: A severe snowstorm with high winds and low visibility.
    *   Related Words: Snowdrift (雪堆), Whiteout (白茫茫一片), Freezing temperatures (冰点以下温度), Winter storm (冬季风暴), Emergency kit (应急包)
    *   Examples: Hunker down during the blizzard, Avoid travel, Stock up on supplies.

## IV. Temperature (温度)

*   **Hot (热):**
    *   Definition: Having a high degree of heat or a high temperature.
    *   Related Words: Scorching (酷热的), Sweltering (闷热的), Humid (潮湿的), Tropical (热带的), Boiling (沸腾的)
    *   Examples: A hot summer day, It's scorching outside, Drink plenty of water.
*   **Warm (温暖的):**
    *   Definition: Having or giving a moderate degree of heat.
    *   Related Words: Mild (温和的), Pleasant (宜人的), Balmy (温暖舒适的), Sunny (阳光明媚的), Temperate (温带的)
    *   Examples: A warm welcome, A pleasant breeze, Enjoy the sunshine.
*   **Cool (凉爽的):**
    *   Definition: Of or at a fairly low temperature.
    *   Related Words: Refreshing (令人精神焕发的), Crisp (清新的), Breezy (微风习习的), Mild (温和的), Invigorating (令人振奋的)
    *   Examples: A cool evening, A refreshing drink, Open the window.
*   **Cold (冷的):**
    *   Definition: Having a low degree of heat; of or at a low temperature.
    *   Related Words: Freezing (冰冻的), Chilly (寒冷的), Icy (冰冷的), Frosty (结霜的), Bitter (刺骨的)
    *   Examples: A cold winter night, It's freezing outside, Wear a coat.

## V. Precipitation (降水)

*   **Rain (雨):**
    *   Types: Drizzle (毛毛雨), Shower (阵雨), Downpour (倾盆大雨), Torrential rain (瓢泼大雨), Hail (冰雹)
    *   Related Words: Puddle (水坑), Umbrella (雨伞), Raincoat (雨衣), Waterproof (防水的), Storm (暴风雨)
*   **Snow (雪):**
    *   Types: Sleet (雨夹雪), Snowflakes (雪花), Snowdrift (雪堆), Blizzard (暴风雪)
    *   Related Words: Snowman (雪人), Snowball (雪球), Skiing (滑雪), Snowboarding (滑雪板), Winter sports (冬季运动)
*   **Hail (冰雹):**
    *   Definition: Pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds.
    *   Related Words: Hailstones (冰雹颗粒), Damage (损害), Crop damage (作物损害), Severe weather (恶劣天气)

## VI. Weather Forecasting (天气预报)

*   **Forecast (预报):**
    *   Definition: A prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather.
    *   Related Words: Predict (预测), Prediction (预测), Outlook (展望), Probability (可能性), Chance of rain (降雨概率)
*   **Meteorologist (气象学家):**
    *   Definition: An expert in or student of meteorology; a weather forecaster.
*   **Weather map (天气图):**
    *   Definition: A chart showing weather conditions over a wide area at a particular time.
    *   Related Words: Isobar (等压线), Front (锋), High pressure (高气压), Low pressure (低气压)
*   **Climate (气候):**
    *   Definition: The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
    *   Related Words: Global warming (全球变暖), Climate change (气候变化), Temperature (温度), Rainfall (降雨量), Seasons (季节)

## VII. Weather Instruments (气象仪器)

*   **Thermometer (温度计):** Measures temperature.
*   **Barometer (气压计):** Measures atmospheric pressure.
*   **Anemometer (风速计):** Measures wind speed.
*   **Rain gauge (雨量计):** Measures rainfall.
*   **Weather vane (风向标):** Shows wind direction.
*   **Hygrometer (湿度计):** Measures humidity.

## VIII. Synonyms and Related Expressions

*   **For Sunny:** Bright, Radiant, Clear, Cloudless.
*   **For Rainy:** Wet, Drizzly, Showery, Stormy.
*   **For Windy:** Breezy, Gusty, Blustery, Airy.
*   **For Cold:** Chilly, Freezing, Frigid, Icy.
*   **For Hot:** Sweltering, Scorching, Sizzling, Boiling.

This expanded outline and vocabulary list provides a comprehensive overview of weather-related English words and concepts, suitable for creating a detailed mind map.

《天气思维导图英语单词》

I. Central Idea: Weather (天气)

Definition: The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

II. Basic Weather Conditions (基本天气状况)

Sunny (晴朗的):
- Definition: Bright with sunshine.
- Related Words: Sun (太阳), Sunshine (阳光), Clear skies (晴空), UV rays (紫外线), Heat (热)
- Examples: A sunny day, Enjoy the sunshine, Wear sunscreen.
Cloudy (多云的):
- Definition: Full of or covered with clouds.
- Related Words: Clouds (云), Overcast (阴天), Grey (灰色), Shade (阴凉), Dim (昏暗)
- Examples: A cloudy sky, Feel a bit gloomy, Need a light on.
Rainy (下雨的):
- Definition: Having much rain; wet.
- Related Words: Rain (雨), Rainfall (降雨量), Shower (阵雨), Downpour (倾盆大雨), Drizzle (毛毛雨)
- Examples: A rainy season, Bring an umbrella, Listen to the rain.
Windy (有风的):
- Definition: Having much wind.
- Related Words: Wind (风), Breeze (微风), Gale (强风), Hurricane (飓风), Gust (阵风)
- Examples: A windy day, The wind is blowing, Fly a kite.
Snowy (下雪的):
- Definition: Characterized by snow.
- Related Words: Snow (雪), Snowflake (雪花), Snowfall (降雪量), Blizzard (暴风雪), Winter (冬天)
- Examples: A snowy landscape, Make a snowman, Shovel the snow.
Foggy (有雾的):
- Definition: Full of or accompanied by fog.
- Related Words: Fog (雾), Mist (薄雾), Visibility (能见度), Dense fog (浓雾), Hazy (朦胧)
- Examples: A foggy morning, Drive carefully, Limited visibility.

III. Extreme Weather Conditions (极端天气状况)

Hurricane (飓风):
- Definition: A severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving 73–136 miles per hour.
- Related Words: Cyclone (气旋), Typhoon (台风), Storm surge (风暴潮), Evacuation (疏散), Damage (损害)
- Examples: Hurricane Katrina, Prepare for the hurricane, Board up windows.
Tornado (龙卷风):
- Definition: A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
- Related Words: Twister (旋风), Funnel cloud (漏斗云), Vortex (涡流), Shelter (避难所), Debris (碎片)
- Examples: Tornado Alley, Seek shelter immediately, Watch for signs.
Flood (洪水):
- Definition: An overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
- Related Words: Overflow (溢出), Inundation (淹没), Levee (堤坝), Evacuate (撤离), Rescue (救援)
- Examples: Flash flood, The river overflowed, Sandbags.
Drought (干旱):
- Definition: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
- Related Words: Aridity (干旱), Water scarcity (缺水), Famine (饥荒), Crop failure (作物歉收), Reservoir (水库)
- Examples: A severe drought, Conserve water, Irrigation.
Heatwave (热浪):
- Definition: A prolonged period of abnormally hot weather.
- Related Words: Intense heat (酷热), Sunstroke (中暑), Dehydration (脱水), Heat index (热指数), Air conditioning (空调)
- Examples: Stay hydrated during the heatwave, Seek shade, Limit outdoor activities.
Blizzard (暴风雪):
- Definition: A severe snowstorm with high winds and low visibility.
- Related Words: Snowdrift (雪堆), Whiteout (白茫茫一片), Freezing temperatures (冰点以下温度), Winter storm (冬季风暴), Emergency kit (应急包)
- Examples: Hunker down during the blizzard, Avoid travel, Stock up on supplies.

IV. Temperature (温度)

Hot (热):
- Definition: Having a high degree of heat or a high temperature.
- Related Words: Scorching (酷热的), Sweltering (闷热的), Humid (潮湿的), Tropical (热带的), Boiling (沸腾的)
- Examples: A hot summer day, It's scorching outside, Drink plenty of water.
Warm (温暖的):
- Definition: Having or giving a moderate degree of heat.
- Related Words: Mild (温和的), Pleasant (宜人的), Balmy (温暖舒适的), Sunny (阳光明媚的), Temperate (温带的)
- Examples: A warm welcome, A pleasant breeze, Enjoy the sunshine.
Cool (凉爽的):
- Definition: Of or at a fairly low temperature.
- Related Words: Refreshing (令人精神焕发的), Crisp (清新的), Breezy (微风习习的), Mild (温和的), Invigorating (令人振奋的)
- Examples: A cool evening, A refreshing drink, Open the window.
Cold (冷的):
- Definition: Having a low degree of heat; of or at a low temperature.
- Related Words: Freezing (冰冻的), Chilly (寒冷的), Icy (冰冷的), Frosty (结霜的), Bitter (刺骨的)
- Examples: A cold winter night, It's freezing outside, Wear a coat.

V. Precipitation (降水)

Rain (雨):
- Types: Drizzle (毛毛雨), Shower (阵雨), Downpour (倾盆大雨), Torrential rain (瓢泼大雨), Hail (冰雹)
- Related Words: Puddle (水坑), Umbrella (雨伞), Raincoat (雨衣), Waterproof (防水的), Storm (暴风雨)
Snow (雪):
- Types: Sleet (雨夹雪), Snowflakes (雪花), Snowdrift (雪堆), Blizzard (暴风雪)
- Related Words: Snowman (雪人), Snowball (雪球), Skiing (滑雪), Snowboarding (滑雪板), Winter sports (冬季运动)
Hail (冰雹):
- Definition: Pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds.
- Related Words: Hailstones (冰雹颗粒), Damage (损害), Crop damage (作物损害), Severe weather (恶劣天气)

VI. Weather Forecasting (天气预报)

Forecast (预报):
- Definition: A prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather.
- Related Words: Predict (预测), Prediction (预测), Outlook (展望), Probability (可能性), Chance of rain (降雨概率)
Meteorologist (气象学家):
- Definition: An expert in or student of meteorology; a weather forecaster.
Weather map (天气图):
- Definition: A chart showing weather conditions over a wide area at a particular time.
- Related Words: Isobar (等压线), Front (锋), High pressure (高气压), Low pressure (低气压)
Climate (气候):
- Definition: The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
- Related Words: Global warming (全球变暖), Climate change (气候变化), Temperature (温度), Rainfall (降雨量), Seasons (季节)

VII. Weather Instruments (气象仪器)

Thermometer (温度计): Measures temperature.
Barometer (气压计): Measures atmospheric pressure.
Anemometer (风速计): Measures wind speed.
Rain gauge (雨量计): Measures rainfall.
Weather vane (风向标): Shows wind direction.
Hygrometer (湿度计): Measures humidity.

VIII. Synonyms and Related Expressions

For Sunny: Bright, Radiant, Clear, Cloudless.
For Rainy: Wet, Drizzly, Showery, Stormy.
For Windy: Breezy, Gusty, Blustery, Airy.
For Cold: Chilly, Freezing, Frigid, Icy.
For Hot: Sweltering, Scorching, Sizzling, Boiling.