九年级上册英语第三单元思维导图

# 《九年级上册英语第三单元思维导图》

## 中心主题：Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

### I. Grammar: Requesting and Responding to Requests

*   **A. Making Requests:**
    *   **1. Polite Requests:**
        *   *Could you please...?* (最常见，礼貌程度较高)
            *   Example: *Could you please close the window?*
        *   *Would you mind...?* (较为正式，表示征求对方意愿)
            *   *Would you mind closing the window?* (后接动名词)
            *   *Would you mind if I closed the window?* (后接句子，注意时态)
        *   *Can/Will you...?* (较为直接，用于比较熟悉的人之间)
            *   *Can you help me with this?*
            *   *Will you give me a hand?*
        *   *Is it OK if...?* (征求许可)
            *   *Is it OK if I borrow your pen?*
        *   *I wonder if you could...?* (更加委婉)
            *   *I wonder if you could help me with my homework.*

*   **2. Less Polite/Direct Requests (Caution):**
        *   *Do this!/Clean your room!* (命令，不礼貌，除非紧急情况或特殊关系)
        *   *You should...* (带有指责意味，可能引起反感)

*   **3. Requesting with Reasons:**
        *   使用*because/since/as*等连词，说明请求的原因，使请求更合理。
            *   *Could you please turn down the music because I'm trying to study?*
            *   *Since it's getting cold, would you mind closing the window?*

*   **B. Responding to Requests:**
    *   **1. Accepting Requests:**
        *   *Sure.* (最简单直接)
        *   *Certainly.* (较为正式)
        *   *Of course.* (理所当然)
        *   *Yes, I can/will.* (肯定回答)
        *   *No problem.* (没有问题，愿意帮忙)
        *   *I'd be happy to.* (乐意帮忙)

*   **2. Refusing Requests:**
        *   *I'm sorry, I can't.* (最常用，礼貌拒绝)
        *   *I'm afraid I can't.* (更委婉的拒绝)
        *   *I'd like to, but...* (先表示意愿，再说明原因)
            *   *I'd like to help, but I'm too busy.*
        *   *Maybe another time.* (委婉地表示下次可以)
        *   *That's not possible right now.* (说明目前不可行)

*   **3. Giving a Reason for Refusal:**
        *   说明不能答应请求的原因，可以避免误解。
            *   *I'm sorry, I can't. I have to finish my homework.*
            *   *I'd love to, but I have another appointment.*

### II. Vocabulary

*   **A. Chores/Household Tasks:**
    *   *clean the room* (打扫房间)
    *   *wash the dishes* (洗碗)
    *   *sweep the floor* (扫地)
    *   *do the laundry* (洗衣服)
    *   *take out the trash* (倒垃圾)
    *   *make the bed* (铺床)
    *   *dust the furniture* (擦家具)
    *   *mop the floor* (拖地)
    *   *vacuum the floor* (用吸尘器吸地)
    *   *water the plants* (浇花)
    *   *cook dinner* (做晚饭)
    *   *set the table* (摆餐桌)
    *   *clear the table* (收拾餐桌)
    *   *feed the pet* (喂宠物)
    *   *walk the dog* (遛狗)
    *   *do the grocery shopping* (买菜)
    *   *tidy up* (整理)
    *   *hang up clothes* (挂衣服)
    *   *fold clothes* (叠衣服)

*   **B. Adjectives to Describe Environments:**
    *   *clean* (干净的)
    *   *dirty* (脏的)
    *   *tidy* (整洁的)
    *   *messy* (乱的)
    *   *organized* (有条理的)
    *   *disorganized* (无条理的)
    *   *comfortable* (舒适的)
    *   *uncomfortable* (不舒适的)

*   **C. Words Related to Responsibility and Duty:**
    *   *responsibility* (责任)
    *   *duty* (义务)
    *   *chore* (家务)
    *   *task* (任务)
    *   *oblige* (迫使，使负义务)
    *   *responsible* (有责任心的)
    *   *irresponsible* (不负责任的)

*   **D. Other Useful Vocabulary:**
    *   *agreement* (协议，同意)
    *   *disagreement* (不同意，分歧)
    *   *argue* (争论)
    *   *conflict* (冲突)
    *   *compromise* (妥协)
    *   *fair* (公平的)
    *   *unfair* (不公平的)
    *   *deal* (协议)
    *   *considerate* (体贴的)
    *   *selfish* (自私的)

### III. Reading Comprehension: Articles and Dialogues about Chores and Responsibilities

*   **A. Identifying Main Ideas:**
    *   能够准确把握文章或对话的主要内容，例如：家庭成员如何分配家务，父母与孩子在家务分工上的不同意见，如何解决家庭矛盾等。

*   **B. Understanding Details:**
    *   理解文章中的细节信息，例如： конкретные задания по дому, выполняемые каждым членом семьи, причины разногласий, предложенные решения.

*   **C. Inferring Meaning:**
    *   能够根据文章上下文推断生词或句子的含义。

*   **D. Analyzing Character Relationships:**
    *   分析文章中人物之间的关系，例如：父母与子女之间的沟通方式，家庭成员之间的互动模式。

*   **E. Understanding the Author's Purpose:**
    *   理解作者写作的目的，例如：提供信息，表达观点，引发思考等。

### IV. Functional Language: Expressing Opinions and Suggestions

*   **A. Expressing Opinions:**
    *   *I think...* (我认为...)
    *   *In my opinion...* (在我看来...)
    *   *I believe...* (我相信...)
    *   *As far as I'm concerned...* (就我而言...)
    *   *From my point of view...* (从我的角度来看...)
    *   *It seems to me that...* (在我看来...)

*   **B. Giving Suggestions:**
    *   *Why don't you...?* (你为什么不...?)
    *   *How about...?* (怎么样...?)
    *   *You could...* (你可以...)
    *   *I suggest that...* (我建议...)
    *   *If I were you, I would...* (如果我是你，我会...)
    *   *Maybe you should...* (也许你应该...)
    *   *Have you thought about...?* (你有没有想过...?)

### V. Writing: Writing an Email or Letter to Make a Request or Express an Opinion

*   **A. Structure:**
    *   *Greeting* (称呼)
    *   *Introduction* (介绍写信的目的)
    *   *Body Paragraphs* (详细说明请求或观点，给出理由)
    *   *Conclusion* (总结，表达希望)
    *   *Closing* (署名)

*   **B. Content:**
    *   清晰表达请求或观点
    *   提供充分的理由和论据
    *   使用恰当的语气和措辞

*   **C. Language:**
    *   运用本单元所学的语法知识，例如：情态动词，礼貌请求的表达方式。
    *   使用丰富的词汇，使文章更生动。
    *   注意语法和拼写错误。

### VI. Cultural Awareness

*   **A. Cultural Differences in Chores and Responsibilities:**
    *   了解不同国家和文化中，家庭成员在家务分工上的差异。

*   **B. Values Related to Responsibility and Cooperation:**
    *   理解责任感和合作精神的重要性。

*   **C. Promoting a Harmonious Family Environment:**
    *   学习如何通过沟通和协商解决家庭矛盾，营造和谐的家庭氛围。

### VII. Speaking Practice

*   **A. Role-Playing:**
    *   模拟家庭成员之间的对话，练习提出请求，回应请求，表达意见，给出建议等。

*   **B. Discussions:**
    *   围绕家庭责任，家务分工等话题展开讨论。

*   **C. Presentations:**
    *   就某一话题进行简短的presentation，例如：我的家务计划，如何与父母沟通等。

《九年级上册英语第三单元思维导图》

中心主题：Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

I. Grammar: Requesting and Responding to Requests

A. Making Requests:
- 1. Polite Requests:
  - Could you please...? (最常见，礼貌程度较高)
    - Example: Could you please close the window?
  - Would you mind...? (较为正式，表示征求对方意愿)
    - Would you mind closing the window? (后接动名词)
    - Would you mind if I closed the window? (后接句子，注意时态)
  - Can/Will you...? (较为直接，用于比较熟悉的人之间)
    - Can you help me with this?
    - Will you give me a hand?
  - Is it OK if...? (征求许可)
    - Is it OK if I borrow your pen?
  - I wonder if you could...? (更加委婉)
    - I wonder if you could help me with my homework.
- 2. Less Polite/Direct Requests (Caution):
  - Do this!/Clean your room! (命令，不礼貌，除非紧急情况或特殊关系)
  - You should... (带有指责意味，可能引起反感)
- 3. Requesting with Reasons:
  - 使用because/since/as等连词，说明请求的原因，使请求更合理。
    - Could you please turn down the music because I'm trying to study?
    - Since it's getting cold, would you mind closing the window?
B. Responding to Requests:
- 1. Accepting Requests:
  - Sure. (最简单直接)
  - Certainly. (较为正式)
  - Of course. (理所当然)
  - Yes, I can/will. (肯定回答)
  - No problem. (没有问题，愿意帮忙)
  - I'd be happy to. (乐意帮忙)
- 2. Refusing Requests:
  - I'm sorry, I can't. (最常用，礼貌拒绝)
  - I'm afraid I can't. (更委婉的拒绝)
  - I'd like to, but... (先表示意愿，再说明原因)
    - I'd like to help, but I'm too busy.
  - Maybe another time. (委婉地表示下次可以)
  - That's not possible right now. (说明目前不可行)
- 3. Giving a Reason for Refusal:
  - 说明不能答应请求的原因，可以避免误解。
    - I'm sorry, I can't. I have to finish my homework.
    - I'd love to, but I have another appointment.

II. Vocabulary

A. Chores/Household Tasks:
- clean the room (打扫房间)
- wash the dishes (洗碗)
- sweep the floor (扫地)
- do the laundry (洗衣服)
- take out the trash (倒垃圾)
- make the bed (铺床)
- dust the furniture (擦家具)
- mop the floor (拖地)
- vacuum the floor (用吸尘器吸地)
- water the plants (浇花)
- cook dinner (做晚饭)
- set the table (摆餐桌)
- clear the table (收拾餐桌)
- feed the pet (喂宠物)
- walk the dog (遛狗)
- do the grocery shopping (买菜)
- tidy up (整理)
- hang up clothes (挂衣服)
- fold clothes (叠衣服)
B. Adjectives to Describe Environments:
- clean (干净的)
- dirty (脏的)
- tidy (整洁的)
- messy (乱的)
- organized (有条理的)
- disorganized (无条理的)
- comfortable (舒适的)
- uncomfortable (不舒适的)
C. Words Related to Responsibility and Duty:
- responsibility (责任)
- duty (义务)
- chore (家务)
- task (任务)
- oblige (迫使，使负义务)
- responsible (有责任心的)
- irresponsible (不负责任的)
D. Other Useful Vocabulary:
- agreement (协议，同意)
- disagreement (不同意，分歧)
- argue (争论)
- conflict (冲突)
- compromise (妥协)
- fair (公平的)
- unfair (不公平的)
- deal (协议)
- considerate (体贴的)
- selfish (自私的)

III. Reading Comprehension: Articles and Dialogues about Chores and Responsibilities

A. Identifying Main Ideas:
- 能够准确把握文章或对话的主要内容，例如：家庭成员如何分配家务，父母与孩子在家务分工上的不同意见，如何解决家庭矛盾等。
B. Understanding Details:
- 理解文章中的细节信息，例如： конкретные задания по дому, выполняемые каждым членом семьи, причины разногласий, предложенные решения.
C. Inferring Meaning:
- 能够根据文章上下文推断生词或句子的含义。
D. Analyzing Character Relationships:
- 分析文章中人物之间的关系，例如：父母与子女之间的沟通方式，家庭成员之间的互动模式。
E. Understanding the Author's Purpose:
- 理解作者写作的目的，例如：提供信息，表达观点，引发思考等。

IV. Functional Language: Expressing Opinions and Suggestions

A. Expressing Opinions:
- I think... (我认为...)
- In my opinion... (在我看来...)
- I believe... (我相信...)
- As far as I'm concerned... (就我而言...)
- From my point of view... (从我的角度来看...)
- It seems to me that... (在我看来...)
B. Giving Suggestions:
- Why don't you...? (你为什么不...?)
- How about...? (怎么样...?)
- You could... (你可以...)
- I suggest that... (我建议...)
- If I were you, I would... (如果我是你，我会...)
- Maybe you should... (也许你应该...)
- Have you thought about...? (你有没有想过...?)

V. Writing: Writing an Email or Letter to Make a Request or Express an Opinion

A. Structure:
- Greeting (称呼)
- Introduction (介绍写信的目的)
- Body Paragraphs (详细说明请求或观点，给出理由)
- Conclusion (总结，表达希望)
- Closing (署名)
B. Content:
- 清晰表达请求或观点
- 提供充分的理由和论据
- 使用恰当的语气和措辞
C. Language:
- 运用本单元所学的语法知识，例如：情态动词，礼貌请求的表达方式。
- 使用丰富的词汇，使文章更生动。
- 注意语法和拼写错误。

VI. Cultural Awareness

A. Cultural Differences in Chores and Responsibilities:
- 了解不同国家和文化中，家庭成员在家务分工上的差异。
B. Values Related to Responsibility and Cooperation:
- 理解责任感和合作精神的重要性。
C. Promoting a Harmonious Family Environment:
- 学习如何通过沟通和协商解决家庭矛盾，营造和谐的家庭氛围。

VII. Speaking Practice

A. Role-Playing:
- 模拟家庭成员之间的对话，练习提出请求，回应请求，表达意见，给出建议等。
B. Discussions:
- 围绕家庭责任，家务分工等话题展开讨论。
C. Presentations:
- 就某一话题进行简短的presentation，例如：我的家务计划，如何与父母沟通等。

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