《英五上U2卡通思维导图》

中心主题：Shopping and Making Comparisons (购物与比较)

I. 主题词：Shopping (购物)

• A. 购物地点 (Shopping Places):

  • 1. Supermarket (超市):
       • a. Fresh Produce (新鲜农产品): Vegetables (蔬菜), Fruits (水果)
       • b. Dairy Products (奶制品): Milk (牛奶), Cheese (奶酪), Yogurt (酸奶)
       • c. Meat and Poultry (肉类和家禽): Beef (牛肉), Chicken (鸡肉), Pork (猪肉)
       • d. Canned Goods (罐头食品): Canned tomatoes (罐头番茄), Canned beans (罐头豆)
       • e. Frozen Foods (冷冻食品): Frozen pizza (冷冻披萨), Frozen vegetables (冷冻蔬菜)
  • 2. Clothing Store (服装店):
       • a. Shirts (衬衫): T-shirts (T恤), Dress shirts (正装衬衫)
       • b. Pants (裤子): Jeans (牛仔裤), Trousers (长裤)
       • c. Dresses (连衣裙)
       • d. Shoes (鞋子): Sneakers (运动鞋), Sandals (凉鞋), Boots (靴子)
       • e. Accessories (配饰): Belts (腰带), Hats (帽子), Scarves (围巾)
  • 3. Bookstore (书店):
       • a. Fiction (小说): Novels (长篇小说), Short stories (短篇小说)
       • b. Non-fiction (非小说): History (历史), Science (科学), Biography (传记)
       • c. Children's Books (儿童书籍): Picture books (图画书), Chapter books (章节书)
       • d. Textbooks (课本)
       • e. Magazines (杂志)
  • 4. Toy Store (玩具店):
       • a. Dolls (娃娃)
       • b. Cars (汽车)
       • c. Board Games (棋盘游戏)
       • d. Building Blocks (积木)
       • e. Puzzles (拼图)
  • 5. Online Store (网店):
       • a. Wide Selection (选择广泛)
       • b. Convenience (便利)
       • c. Shipping Costs (运费)
       • d. Return Policies (退货政策)

• B. 购物词汇 (Shopping Vocabulary):

  • 1. Price (价格): Cheap (便宜), Expensive (昂贵), Discount (折扣), Sale (促销)
  • 2. Size (尺寸): Small (小), Medium (中), Large (大), Extra Large (加大)
  • 3. Color (颜色): Red (红色), Blue (蓝色), Green (绿色), Yellow (黄色)
  • 4. Material (材料): Cotton (棉), Wool (羊毛), Leather (皮革), Plastic (塑料)
  • 5. Payment Methods (支付方式): Cash (现金), Credit card (信用卡), Debit card (借记卡), Mobile payment (移动支付)
  • 6. Verbs (动词): Buy (购买), Sell (出售), Pay (支付), Try on (试穿), Look for (寻找)

• C. 购物场景 (Shopping Scenarios):

  • 1. Asking for Help (请求帮助): "Can I help you?" "Yes, I'm looking for..."
  • 2. Asking about Price (询问价格): "How much is this?" "Is this on sale?"
  • 3. Trying on Clothes (试穿衣服): "Where is the fitting room?" "Does this come in a different size?"
  • 4. Making a Purchase (进行购买): "I'll take it." "Can I pay with credit card?"
  • 5. Returning an Item (退货): "I would like to return this." "Do you have a receipt?"

II. 主题词：Making Comparisons (比较)

• A. 形容词的比较级和最高级 (Comparative and Superlative Adjectives):

  • 1. Regular Adjectives (规则形容词):
       • a. Comparative: add "-er" or use "more" (比较级: 加“-er” 或 使用 “more”)
       • b. Superlative: add "-est" or use "most" (最高级: 加“-est” 或 使用 “most”)
       • c. Examples:
       • Cheap – Cheaper – Cheapest
       • Expensive – More expensive – Most expensive
  • 2. Irregular Adjectives (不规则形容词):
       • a. Good – Better – Best
       • b. Bad – Worse – Worst
       • c. Far – Further/Farther – Furthest/Farthest

• B. 比较的表达方式 (Expressions of Comparison):

  • 1. "As...as" (和...一样): "This shirt is as expensive as that one."
  • 2. "More/Less...than" (比...更.../更少): "This book is more interesting than that one."
  • 3. "The most/least...of all" (所有...中最.../最不...): "This is the most comfortable chair of all."
  • 4. "Prefer...to" (更喜欢...胜过...): "I prefer tea to coffee."

• C. 比较的应用 (Applications of Comparison):

  • 1. Comparing Prices (比较价格): "Which store has the better price?"
  • 2. Comparing Quality (比较质量): "This is made of higher quality material."
  • 3. Comparing Features (比较特性): "This phone has more features than that one."
  • 4. Making Choices (做出选择): "I think I'll buy this one because it's cheaper."

III. 语法点 (Grammar Points):

• A. 可数名词与不可数名词 (Countable and Uncountable Nouns):

  • 1. Countable Nouns: Can be counted and have a singular and plural form. (可数名词: 可以被计数，有单数和复数形式)
       • a. Examples: book, apple, car
  • 2. Uncountable Nouns: Cannot be counted and usually only have a singular form. (不可数名词: 不可以被计数，通常只有单数形式)
       • a. Examples: water, milk, rice, money, information
  • 3. Using "How much" and "How many" (使用“多少”):
       • a. "How many" for countable nouns. (可数名词使用 "How many")
       • b. "How much" for uncountable nouns and price. (不可数名词和价格使用 "How much")

• B. 定冠词和不定冠词 (Definite and Indefinite Articles):

  • 1. "A/An" (不定冠词): Used before singular countable nouns when the noun is not specific. (用在非特指的单数可数名词前)
       • a. "A" before consonant sounds. (辅音前用 "a")
       • b. "An" before vowel sounds. (元音前用 "an")
  • 2. "The" (定冠词): Used before nouns that are specific or have been mentioned before. (用在特指的或之前提到过的名词前)

• C. Some, Any, No (一些，任何，没有)

  • 1. "Some": Used in affirmative sentences and offers/requests.（用于肯定句和提供/请求）
  • 2. "Any": Used in negative sentences and questions. (用于否定句和疑问句)
  • 3. "No": Used in affirmative sentences to express the absence of something. （用于肯定句表达没有某物）

IV. 常用句型 (Useful Sentence Patterns):

• "How much does this cost?" (这个多少钱？)
• "Which one is cheaper/more expensive?" (哪个更便宜/更贵？)
• "I prefer...to..." (我更喜欢...胜过...)
• "This is as good as that one." (这个和那个一样好。)
• "Can I try this on?" (我可以试穿这个吗？)
• "I'm looking for..." (我在寻找...)
• "Do you have any...?" (你有什么...吗？)

V. 文化拓展 (Cultural Extension):

• Discuss different shopping habits and traditions around the world. (讨论世界各地不同的购物习惯和传统。)
• Explore the impact of online shopping on traditional retail. (探索网上购物对传统零售业的影响。)
• Compare and contrast the currency and payment systems of different countries. (比较和对比不同国家的货币和支付系统。)