《高中英语语法思维导图》
1. 词法 (Morphology)
1.1 名词 (Nouns)
- 1.1.1 可数名词 (Countable Nouns):
- 单数 (Singular)
- 复数 (Plural)
- 规则变化 (Regular Pluralization): -s, -es
- 不规则变化 (Irregular Pluralization): man-men, child-children, etc.
- 1.1.2 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns):
- 物质名词 (Material Nouns): water, coffee, sugar
- 抽象名词 (Abstract Nouns): love, happiness, information
- 集体名词 (Collective Nouns) (有时): furniture, advice, news
- 1.1.3 名词的所有格 (Possessive Nouns):
- 's (单数名词/不以s结尾的复数名词)
- s' (以s结尾的复数名词)
- of 短语 (of-phrase)
1.2 代词 (Pronouns)
- 1.2.1 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns):
- 主格 (Subjective): I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- 宾格 (Objective): me, you, him, her, it, us, them
- 所有格 (Possessive):
- 形容词性 (Adjective): my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- 名词性 (Noun): mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
- 1.2.2 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns): this, that, these, those
- 1.2.3 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns): who, whom, whose, which, what
- 1.2.4 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns): who, whom, whose, which, that
- 1.2.5 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- 1.2.6 相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns): each other, one another
- 1.2.7 不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns): some, any, no, every + body/one/thing, others, another, few, little, many, much, several, all, both, none
1.3 形容词 (Adjectives)
- 1.3.1 描述性形容词 (Descriptive Adjectives): big, small, beautiful, ugly
- 1.3.2 限定词 (Determiners):
- 冠词 (Articles): a, an, the
- 指示形容词 (Demonstrative Adjectives): this, that, these, those
- 所有格形容词 (Possessive Adjectives): my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- 数词 (Numerals): one, two, three...; first, second, third...; some, many, few
- 1.3.3 形容词的比较级和最高级 (Comparative & Superlative Adjectives):
- 规则变化 (Regular): -er, -est
- 不规则变化 (Irregular): good-better-best, bad-worse-worst, much/many-more-most
- more/less + 形容词原形 (more/less + adjective base form)
1.4 副词 (Adverbs)
- 1.4.1 方式副词 (Adverbs of Manner): quickly, slowly, carefully
- 1.4.2 时间副词 (Adverbs of Time): now, then, yesterday, tomorrow, soon
- 1.4.3 地点副词 (Adverbs of Place): here, there, everywhere, nowhere
- 1.4.4 频率副词 (Adverbs of Frequency): always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, never
- 1.4.5 程度副词 (Adverbs of Degree): very, quite, extremely, rather, a little
- 1.4.6 疑问副词 (Interrogative Adverbs): how, when, where, why
- 1.4.7 副词的比较级和最高级 (Comparative & Superlative Adverbs):
- 规则变化 (Regular): -er, -est
- 不规则变化 (Irregular): well-better-best, badly-worse-worst, much-more-most
- more/less + 副词原形 (more/less + adverb base form)
1.5 动词 (Verbs)
- 1.5.1 实义动词 (Lexical Verbs): eat, sleep, study, work
- 1.5.2 系动词 (Linking Verbs): be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being), become, seem, look, feel, taste, smell, sound
- 1.5.3 助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs):
- be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being
- have: have, has, had, having
- do: do, does, did
- 情态动词 (Modal Verbs): can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to
- 1.5.4 动词的时态 (Verb Tenses):
- 一般现在时 (Simple Present):
- 现在进行时 (Present Continuous):
- 一般过去时 (Simple Past):
- 过去进行时 (Past Continuous):
- 现在完成时 (Present Perfect):
- 过去完成时 (Past Perfect):
- 一般将来时 (Simple Future): will/shall + verb, be going to + verb
- 过去将来时 (Past Future): would/should + verb
- 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous):
- 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous):
- 1.5.5 动词的语态 (Verb Voice):
- 主动语态 (Active Voice)
- 被动语态 (Passive Voice): be + past participle
- 1.5.6 非谓语动词 (Non-finite Verbs):
- 不定式 (Infinitive): to + verb
- 动名词 (Gerund): verb + -ing
- 分词 (Participle):
- 现在分词 (Present Participle): verb + -ing
- 过去分词 (Past Participle): usually -ed, -en
1.6 介词 (Prepositions)
- 时间介词 (Prepositions of Time): at, on, in, since, for, during, from...to, until, by
- 地点介词 (Prepositions of Place): at, on, in, above, below, under, over, near, beside, between, among, behind, in front of
- 其他介词 (Other Prepositions): of, for, with, without, by, about, according to, because of, due to, instead of
1.7 连词 (Conjunctions)
- 并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions): and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
- 从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions):
- 时间 (Time): when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as
- 原因 (Cause): because, since, as
- 条件 (Condition): if, unless, as long as, provided that
- 让步 (Concession): although, though, even though
- 目的 (Purpose): so that, in order that
- 结果 (Result): so...that, such...that
1.8 感叹词 (Interjections): Oh, Ah, Wow
2. 句法 (Syntax)
2.1 简单句 (Simple Sentences): 主语 + 谓语 (+ 宾语/表语/状语)
2.2 并列句 (Compound Sentences): 简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
2.3 复合句 (Complex Sentences): 主句 + 从句
* **2.3.1 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses):**
* 主语从句 (Subject Clause):
* 宾语从句 (Object Clause):
* 表语从句 (Predicate Nominative Clause):
* 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause):
* **2.3.2 定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) / 关系从句 (Relative Clauses):**
* 限制性定语从句 (Defining Relative Clauses):
* 非限制性定语从句 (Non-defining Relative Clauses):
* **2.3.3 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses):**
* 时间状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Time):
* 地点状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Place):
* 原因状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Cause):
* 条件状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Condition):
* 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession):
* 目的状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Purpose):
* 结果状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Result):
* 方式状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Manner):
* 比较状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Comparison):
2.4 特殊句型 (Special Sentence Structures)
* 强调句 (Emphasis Sentences): It is/was...that...
* 倒装句 (Inverted Sentences):
* 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood):
* 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences):
* 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences):
* 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentences): 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句
* There be 结构:
3. 语用 (Pragmatics)
- 理解语境 (Understanding Context)
- 语篇连贯性 (Text Coherence)
- 语篇衔接性 (Text Cohesion)
4. 应试技巧 (Exam Skills)
4.1 单项选择 (Multiple Choice)
4.2 完形填空 (Cloze Test)
4.3 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)
4.4 短文改错 (Error Correction)
4.5 写作 (Writing)
