《英语语法思维导图清晰》
英语语法如同建筑的骨架,支撑着语言这座大厦。 掌握它如同掌握了建筑图纸,能更清晰地理解和构建语言。思维导图是一种有效的梳理工具,能将复杂的语法知识点可视化,方便记忆和理解。 本文将围绕英语语法的核心内容,构建一系列思维导图,旨在帮助读者更清晰地掌握英语语法。
1. 词法 (Morphology)
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词性 (Parts of Speech)
- 名词 (Nouns)
- 专有名词 (Proper Nouns)
- 普通名词 (Common Nouns)
- 可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
- 单数 (Singular)
- 复数 (Plural)
- 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns)
- 可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
- 集合名词 (Collective Nouns)
- 抽象名词 (Abstract Nouns)
- 代词 (Pronouns)
- 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)
- 主格 (Subjective)
- 宾格 (Objective)
- 所有格 (Possessive)
- 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)
- 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)
- 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)
- 关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)
- 不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns)
- 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)
- 相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns)
- 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)
- 动词 (Verbs)
- 实义动词 (Lexical Verbs)
- 及物动词 (Transitive Verbs)
- 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs)
- 系动词 (Linking Verbs)
- 助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs)
- be, do, have
- 情态动词 (Modal Verbs)
- can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, shall
- 实义动词 (Lexical Verbs)
- 形容词 (Adjectives)
- 描述性形容词 (Descriptive Adjectives)
- 指示形容词 (Demonstrative Adjectives)
- 数量形容词 (Quantitative Adjectives)
- 疑问形容词 (Interrogative Adjectives)
- 所有格形容词 (Possessive Adjectives)
- 副词 (Adverbs)
- 时间副词 (Adverbs of Time)
- 地点副词 (Adverbs of Place)
- 方式副词 (Adverbs of Manner)
- 程度副词 (Adverbs of Degree)
- 频率副词 (Adverbs of Frequency)
- 疑问副词 (Interrogative Adverbs)
- 介词 (Prepositions)
- 简单介词 (Simple Prepositions)
- 合成介词 (Compound Prepositions)
- 短语介词 (Phrasal Prepositions)
- 连词 (Conjunctions)
- 并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions)
- 从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions)
- 关联连词 (Correlative Conjunctions)
- 感叹词 (Interjections)
- 名词 (Nouns)
-
词的变化 (Word Formation)
- 派生 (Derivation)
- 前缀 (Prefixes)
- 后缀 (Suffixes)
- 合成 (Composition)
- 转化 (Conversion)
- 缩略 (Abbreviation)
- 混合 (Blending)
- 派生 (Derivation)
2. 句法 (Syntax)
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句子成分 (Sentence Elements)
- 主语 (Subject)
- 谓语 (Predicate)
- 宾语 (Object)
- 直接宾语 (Direct Object)
- 间接宾语 (Indirect Object)
- 表语 (Complement)
- 定语 (Attribute)
- 状语 (Adverbial)
- 补语 (Complement)
- 主语补语 (Subject Complement)
- 宾语补语 (Object Complement)
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简单句 (Simple Sentences)
- 五种基本句型
- S+V
- S+V+O
- S+V+C
- S+V+IO+DO
- S+V+O+OC
- 五种基本句型
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并列句 (Compound Sentences)
- 并列连词连接 (and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet)
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复合句 (Complex Sentences)
- 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)
- 主语从句 (Subject Clauses)
- 宾语从句 (Object Clauses)
- 表语从句 (Predicate Clauses)
- 同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses)
- 形容词性从句 (Adjective Clauses) / 定语从句 (Relative Clauses)
- 限定性定语从句 (Defining Relative Clauses)
- 非限定性定语从句 (Non-Defining Relative Clauses)
- 副词性从句 (Adverbial Clauses)
- 时间状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Time)
- 地点状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Place)
- 原因状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Reason)
- 目的状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Purpose)
- 结果状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Result)
- 条件状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Condition)
- 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Concession)
- 方式状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Manner)
- 比较状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses of Comparison)
- 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)
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特殊句型 (Special Sentence Structures)
- 强调句 (Emphasis)
- 倒装句 (Inversion)
- 省略句 (Ellipsis)
- 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)
- 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences)
3. 时态 (Tense)和语态 (Voice)
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时态 (Tense)
- 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)
- 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
- 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)
- 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)
- 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)
- will / shall
- be going to
- 过去将来时 (Past Future Tense)
- 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
- 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)
- 将来完成时 (Future Perfect Tense)
- 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
- 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
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语态 (Voice)
- 主动语态 (Active Voice)
- 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
- 各种时态的被动语态转换
4. 语气 (Mood)
- 陈述语气 (Indicative Mood)
- 祈使语气 (Imperative Mood)
- 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
- 与现在事实相反
- 与过去事实相反
- 与将来事实相反
- 在 wish, if only 后的虚拟语气
- 在 suggest, order, require, demand 后的虚拟语气
5. 非谓语动词 (Non-finite Verbs)
- 不定式 (Infinitive)
- 作主语
- 作宾语
- 作表语
- 作定语
- 作状语
- 动名词 (Gerund)
- 作主语
- 作宾语
- 作表语
- 作同位语
- 分词 (Participle)
- 现在分词 (Present Participle)
- 作定语
- 作状语
- 作补语
- 过去分词 (Past Participle)
- 作定语
- 作状语
- 作补语
- 现在分词 (Present Participle)
以上是一个相对完整的英语语法知识体系的思维导图框架。 通过对每个分支进行更细致的梳理,并结合例句进行练习,可以更有效地掌握英语语法,提升语言运用能力。 每一个小点都可以继续向下拓展,形成更为详细的知识网络。 关键在于理解核心概念,并在实际运用中不断练习巩固。