《英语思维导图模板八年级上册2单元》
核心主题：What's the matter? 健康与疾病
1. 单元概述 (Unit Overview)
- 主题: 健康与疾病 (Health and Illness)
- 主要语法: 情态动词 (Modal Verbs) - should/shouldn't, must/mustn't, have to/don't have to, can/can't 用于表达建议、义务、允许与禁止
- 主要词汇: 身体部位 (Body Parts), 常见疾病与症状 (Common Illnesses and Symptoms), 健康建议 (Health Advice)
- 交际功能: 询问和表达身体不适，提供健康建议，讨论健康的生活方式
2. 词汇中心 (Vocabulary Focus)
2.1 身体部位 (Body Parts)
- 头部 (Head): head, hair, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, forehead, cheeks, chin
- 躯干 (Torso): neck, shoulder, back, chest, stomach, waist, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, toes
- 内部器官 (Internal Organs): heart, lungs, liver, stomach, kidneys, brain
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常见症状相关: throat, cough, fever, headache, pain (e.g., stomachache, backache, toothache)
- 例句: I have a headache. / My back hurts. / My throat is sore.
2.2 常见疾病与症状 (Common Illnesses and Symptoms)
- 疾病 (Illnesses): cold, flu, fever, cough, sore throat, headache, stomachache, toothache, backache, allergy, broken arm/leg, injury, infection
- 症状 (Symptoms): pain, runny nose, sneezing, weakness, dizziness, tiredness, rash, swelling, nausea, vomiting
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严重程度: mild, severe, slight, terrible
- 例句: He has a severe headache. / She has a mild fever. / I feel weak and tired.
2.3 健康建议 (Health Advice)
- 动词短语: take medicine, see a doctor, stay in bed, drink plenty of water, get some rest, exercise, eat healthy food, avoid junk food, wash your hands, cover your mouth when you cough/sneeze, brush your teeth, visit the dentist
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名词短语: healthy diet, regular exercise, enough sleep, fresh air
- 例句: You should see a doctor. / You must take medicine. / You have to stay in bed.
3. 语法核心 (Grammar Core)
3.1 情态动词 (Modal Verbs)
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should/shouldn't (应该/不应该): 用于给出建议 (giving advice)
- 结构: Subject + should/shouldn't + base form of the verb
- 例句: You should drink plenty of water. / You shouldn't eat too much junk food.
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must/mustn't (必须/禁止): 用于表达义务和禁止 (obligation and prohibition)
- 结构: Subject + must/mustn't + base form of the verb
- 例句: You must take your medicine. / You mustn't smoke.
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have to/don't have to (不得不/不必): 用于表达必要性和缺少必要性 (necessity and lack of necessity)
- 结构: Subject + have to/don't have to + base form of the verb
- 例句: I have to go to the doctor. / You don't have to go if you feel better.
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can/can't (能/不能): 用于表达允许和禁止 (permission and prohibition)
- 结构: Subject + can/can't + base form of the verb
- 例句: You can go out after you finish your homework. / You can't play games during school hours.
3.2 练习与应用 (Practice and Application)
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填空练习: 使用情态动词填空，巩固语法知识。
- You ___ (should/must) wear a coat when it's cold.
- You ___ (can/mustn't) run in the classroom.
- I ___ (have to/don't have to) go to school on weekends.
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情景对话: 模拟真实情景，运用情态动词进行对话练习。
- A: What's the matter?
- B: I have a headache.
- A: You should take some medicine and get some rest.
4. 交际策略 (Communication Strategies)
4.1 询问身体状况 (Asking about Health)
- What's the matter?
- What's wrong?
- Are you feeling okay?
- How do you feel?
4.2 表达身体不适 (Expressing Discomfort)
- I have a... (headache, stomachache, sore throat, etc.)
- I feel... (sick, tired, weak, dizzy, etc.)
- My... (head, back, throat, etc.) hurts.
- I'm not feeling well.
4.3 提供建议 (Giving Advice)
- You should...
- You ought to... (同should，更正式)
- You need to...
- Why don't you...?
- How about...?
- If I were you, I would...
4.4 理解他人建议 (Understanding Advice)
- Thank you for your advice.
- That sounds like a good idea.
- I'll try that.
5. 文化拓展 (Cultural Extension)
- 中西方健康观念的差异: 比较中西方在疾病预防、治疗和健康生活方式方面的不同观点。
- 草药与现代医学: 讨论草药在传统医学中的作用以及现代医学的进步。
- 健康饮食文化: 了解不同国家和地区的健康饮食习惯。
6. 练习活动 (Practice Activities)
- 角色扮演 (Role-Play): 学生扮演医生和病人，进行对话练习。
- 小组讨论 (Group Discussion): 讨论健康的生活方式，并分享个人经验。
- 写作练习 (Writing Practice): 写一篇关于如何保持健康的短文。
- 听力练习 (Listening Practice): 听一段关于健康建议的录音，并回答问题。
- 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension): 阅读一篇关于某种疾病的文章，并总结要点。
7. 评估 (Assessment)
- 课堂参与 (Class Participation): 评估学生在课堂讨论和活动中的参与度。
- 作业完成 (Homework Completion): 评估学生对词汇和语法的掌握情况。
- 单元测试 (Unit Test): 对单元内容进行综合测试，包括词汇、语法、听力、阅读和写作。
- 口语测试 (Speaking Test): 评估学生在口语表达方面的能力，例如描述身体状况和提供建议。