《英语数词的思维导图》
一、基本数词 (Cardinal Numbers)
1.1 0-12
- zero (0)
- one (1)
- two (2)
- three (3)
- four (4)
- five (5)
- six (6)
- seven (7)
- eight (8)
- nine (9)
- ten (10)
- eleven (11)
- twelve (12)
1.2 13-19
- thirteen (13)
- fourteen (14)
- fifteen (15)
- sixteen (16)
- seventeen (17)
- eighteen (18)
- nineteen (19)
- 注意拼写规则变化 (如 fifteen, eighteen)
1.3 整十数 (Tens)
- twenty (20)
- thirty (30)
- forty (40)
- fifty (50)
- sixty (60)
- seventy (70)
- eighty (80)
- ninety (90)
- 注意拼写规则变化 (如 forty)
1.4 21-99
- 组合方式：tens + hyphen + ones (e.g., twenty-one, forty-five)
1.5 百 (Hundred)
- one hundred (100)
- two hundred (200)
- …
- nine hundred (900)
- hundred 不加 s
1.6 千 (Thousand)
- one thousand (1,000)
- two thousand (2,000)
- …
- nine thousand (9,000)
- thousand 不加 s
1.7 万 (Ten Thousand)
- ten thousand (10,000)
- …
- ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine (99,999)
1.8 十万 (Hundred Thousand)
- one hundred thousand (100,000)
- …
- nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine (999,999)
1.9 百万 (Million)
- one million (1,000,000)
- two million (2,000,000)
- …
- million 不加 s
1.10 十亿 (Billion)
- one billion (1,000,000,000)
- two billion (2,000,000,000)
- …
- billion 不加 s
1.11 万亿 (Trillion)
- one trillion (1,000,000,000,000)
- ...
- trillion 不加 s
1.12 大数的组合
- 遵循 “从大到小” 的原则
- 使用 and 连接最后两个数字 (英国英语习惯)
-
使用逗号分隔每三位数字 (从个位数开始)
- 例：1,234,567 -> one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven
二、序数词 (Ordinal Numbers)
2.1 基本形式
- 表示顺序 (first, second, third...)
- 通常用于日期、排名等
2.2 规则变化
- 大部分词加 -th
- four -> fourth
- eleven -> eleventh
- 特殊变化
- one -> first (1st)
- two -> second (2nd)
- three -> third (3rd)
- five -> fifth (5th)
- eight -> eighth (8th)
- nine -> ninth (9th)
- twelve -> twelfth (12th)
2.3 20 以上的序数词
- 仅最后一个数字变为序数词
- twenty-first (21st)
- thirty-second (32nd)
- one hundred and forty-third (143rd)
2.4 缩写形式
- 根据最后两个字母缩写
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 100th
三、分数 (Fractions)
3.1 表达方式
- 分子用基数词，分母用序数词
- 1/2: one half
- 1/3: one third
- 1/4: one quarter (也可以说 one fourth)
- 1/5: one fifth
3.2 分子大于 1
- 分母序数词用复数
- 2/3: two thirds
- 3/4: three quarters (three fourths)
- 4/5: four fifths
3.3 复杂分数
- 使用 over 连接分子和分母
- 5/8: five over eight
- 17/25: seventeen over twenty-five
3.4 带分数
- 整数部分 + and + 分数部分
- 2 1/2: two and a half
- 3 1/4: three and a quarter
四、小数 (Decimals)
4.1 表达方式
- 使用 point 连接整数部分和小数部分
- 每个数字单独读出
- 0.5: zero point five 或 point five
- 3.14: three point one four
- 12.75: twelve point seven five
4.2 特殊情况
- 货币
- $5.99: five dollars and ninety-nine cents
五、百分数 (Percentages)
5.1 表达方式
- 数字 + percent
- 5%: five percent
- 50%: fifty percent
- 100%: one hundred percent
- 12.5%: twelve point five percent
六、倍数 (Multiples)
6.1 表达方式
- 基数词 + times
- twice (两倍)
- three times
- four times
- ...
6.2 句型
- A is X times as + adjective + as B
- This book is twice as expensive as that one. (这本书是那本书的两倍贵)
- A is X times + the + noun + of B
- The population of China is four times the population of Canada. (中国的人口是加拿大的四倍)
七、其他用法
7.1 年份
- 1990: nineteen ninety
- 2000: two thousand
- 2023: twenty twenty-three
7.2 时间
- 7:00: seven o'clock
- 7:15: a quarter past seven
- 7:30: half past seven
- 7:45: a quarter to eight
7.3 电话号码
- 每个数字单独读出
7.4 计量单位
- 与数字连用时，通常使用单数形式 (例如：5 meters, 2 kilograms)
八、易错点总结
- thirteen 和 thirty 的区分
- fourteen 和 forty 的区分
- fifteen 和 fifty 的区分
- 序数词的拼写规则
- 大数字的表达方式
- 分数和百分数的正确使用