利簋思维导图

# 利簋思维导图

## 基本信息 (Basic Information)
-   **名称 (Name):** 利簋 (Lì Guǐ)
    -   因器内底部铭文记载周武王赐给一位名叫“利”的官员而得名 (Named after the inscription inside the bottom of the vessel recording King Wu of Zhou bestowing a reward upon an official named "Li")
-   **器形 (Shape):** 圆腹、三足、双耳、下方座的青铜簋 (A bronze Gui with a round body, three legs, two handles, and a square pedestal)
    -   簋是中国古代用于盛放煮熟的饭食（如稻、粱、黍、稷等）的礼器 (Gui is an ancient ritual vessel used to hold cooked grains like rice, millet)
    -   属于西周早期流行的青铜器类型 (Belongs to a type of bronze vessel popular in the early Western Zhou period)
-   **年代 (Period):** 西周早期武王时期 (Early Western Zhou, King Wu period)
    -   据铭文内容，其制作年代紧随武王伐纣胜利之后 (According to the inscription content, its manufacturing date closely followed King Wu's victory over Zhou)
-   **出土时间 (Excavation Time):** 1976年1月 (January 1976)
    -   属窖藏出土，保存状况良好 (Excavated from a hoard, preserved in good condition)
-   **出土地点 (Excavation Location):** 陕西省临潼县零口镇 (Lingkou Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province)
-   **现藏地点 (Current Location):** 中国国家博物馆 (National Museum of China)
    -   被列为首批禁止出国（境）展览文物 (Listed as one of the first cultural relics prohibited from exhibition abroad)
    -   誉为“青铜之冠” (Praised as the "Crown of Bronze Vessels")
-   **尺寸 (Size):**
    -   通高：28 厘米 (Total height: 28 cm)
    -   口径：22 厘米 (Caliber: 22 cm)
    -   重：7.9 公斤 (Weight: 7.9 kg)
-   **纹饰 (Decoration):**
    -   腹部装饰兽面纹，具有早期饕餮纹的特征 (The body is decorated with animal mask patterns, characteristic of early Taotie patterns)
    -   方座装饰夔龙纹，形态生动古朴 (The square pedestal is decorated with Kui-dragon patterns, vivid and ancient in form)
    -   纹饰风格简洁有力，体现了西周早期青铜艺术的特点 (The decoration style is simple and powerful, reflecting the characteristics of early Western Zhou bronze art)

## 铭文 (Inscription)
-   **位置 (Location):** 簋腹内底部 (Inside the bottom of the Gui's body)
-   **字数 (Number of Characters):** 32字，分4行排列 (32 characters, arranged in 4 lines)
    -   其中有4个重文符号 (Including 4 repeated character symbols)
-   **书体 (Script Style):** 西周早期金文，具有典型的周原风格 (Early Western Zhou bronze inscription, with typical Zhouyuan style)
-   **内容概述 (Content Summary):**
    -   记述了周武王征伐商纣王的历史事件 (Records the historical event of King Wu of Zhou conquering King Zhou of Shang)
    -   明确指出这一军事行动发生在“甲子”那一天 (Clearly points out that this military action occurred on the "Jiazi" day)
        -   “武王征商，唯甲子朝，岁鼎” (King Wu attacked Shang, on the Jiazi morning, at the year's peak/auspicious time)
        -   这是指牧野之战发生的具体日期 (This refers to the specific date of the Battle of Muye)
    -   记录了周武王在战役结束后论功行赏 (Records King Wu bestowing rewards after the campaign ended)
    -   记录了一位名叫“利”的官员因追随武王伐纣而受到赏赐 (Records an official named "Li" being rewarded for following King Wu in the conquest)
        -   “武王既克商，则咸刈四方，我唯簋，奔朕戎，辟事” (After King Wu conquered Shang, he pacified all directions. I, Gui [the vessel's name/maker], served in his army, managing affairs) - *Describes Li's service*
        -   “于甲子，唯丙戌，武王赐贝三十朋” (On the Jiazi day [of the battle], on the Bingxu day [three days later], King Wu bestowed thirty strings of cowries) - *Records the reward*
    -   记录了“利”为了纪念受到武王赏赐，而铸造了这件铜簋 (Records that "Li" cast this bronze Gui to commemorate receiving King Wu's reward)
        -   “用作朕祖父乙彝” (Used to make a ritual vessel for my grandfather Yi) - *Indicates the purpose was for ancestral worship*
-   **文字特点 (Character Features):**
    -   字形结构严谨端庄，富于变化 (Strict and dignified character structure, rich in variation)
    -   笔画粗细适中，遒劲有力 (Stroke thickness is moderate, powerful and robust)
    -   章法布局井然有序，疏密有致 (Layout is orderly, with balanced density)
    -   具有承前启后的过渡性书风 (Possesses a transitional calligraphy style that connects the past and the future)

## 历史意义 (Historical Significance)
-   **直接证实武王伐纣史实 (Directly Confirms the Historical Fact of King Wu's Conquest):**
    -   利簋铭文是迄今发现的关于武王伐纣及其关键战役——牧野之战的最早的、最直接的实物史料 (The Li Gui inscription is the earliest and most direct physical historical material found to date regarding King Wu's conquest and its key battle - the Battle of Muye)
    -   与《尚书·牧誓》、《逸周书·世俘解》、《史记·周本纪》等传世文献记载互相印证 (Mutually confirms accounts in transmitted texts such as "Shangshu - Mu Shi", "Yi Zhou Shu - Shi Fu Jie", and "Records of the Grand Historian - Basic Annals of Zhou")
-   **提供了武王伐纣的准确年代信息 (Provides Accurate Chronological Information for King Wu's Conquest):**
    -   铭文中明确记载了战役发生在“甲子”日 (The inscription explicitly records the battle occurred on the "Jiazi" day)
    -   这一关键日期信息，结合天文推算和史料考证，为确定周武王伐纣的具体年份（约公元前1046年）提供了至关重要的依据 (This crucial date information, combined with astronomical calculations and historical research, provides vital basis for determining the specific year of King Wu's conquest (approx. 1046 BCE))
    -   是夏商周断代工程研究中的重要支点文物 (It is an important supporting artifact in the research of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project)
-   **见证了西周王朝的建立 (Witnesses the Establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty):**
    -   作为周武王伐纣胜利后すぐ制作的纪念性礼器 (As a commemorative ritual vessel made soon after King Wu's victory over Zhou)
    -   是周朝取代商朝、建立新的王朝统治的强有力物证 (Is strong physical evidence of the Zhou Dynasty replacing the Shang Dynasty and establishing new dynastic rule)
    -   反映了周王朝初期的政治格局和军事制度 (Reflects the political structure and military system in the early period of the Zhou Dynasty)
-   **研究西周早期历史的重要资料 (Important Material for Studying Early Western Zhou History):**
    -   其铭文内容为研究西周初年的历史事件、官职制度、赏赐制度、历法、语言文字等提供了极为珍贵的史料 (Its inscription content provides extremely precious historical material for studying historical events, official systems, reward systems, calendar, language and script in the early years of the Western Zhou)

## 艺术价值 (Artistic Value)
-   **器物造型艺术 (Vessel Shape Art):**
    -   簋体厚重，圈足较高，下有方座，造型端庄稳固 (The Gui body is heavy, the ring foot is high, and there is a square pedestal below, resulting in a dignified and stable shape)
    -   体现了西周早期青铜器特有的雄浑气魄 (Embodies the unique majestic spirit of early Western Zhou bronze vessels)
    -   其方座设计独特，为同类青铜簋中所罕见 (Its square pedestal design is unique and rare among similar bronze Gui)
-   **纹饰艺术 (Decoration Art):**
    -   纹饰虽不如商代后期繁缛，但线条流畅，构图巧妙 (Although the decoration is not as complex as in the late Shang Dynasty, the lines are smooth and the composition is ingenious)
    -   兽面纹和夔龙纹图案具有鲜明的时代特色和地域风格 (The animal mask and Kui-dragon patterns have distinct period characteristics and regional style)
    -   反映了西周早期青铜器装饰艺术的演变趋势 (Reflects the trend of evolution in early Western Zhou bronze decoration art)
-   **书法艺术 (Calligraphy Art):**
    -   利簋铭文书法是西周早期金文的典范之作 (The calligraphy of the Li Gui inscription is a model work of early Western Zhou bronze script)
    -   字形古朴大方，笔道圆润遒劲 (Character shapes are ancient and generous, strokes are rounded and powerful)
    -   行款整齐，章法严谨，展现了高超的书写技艺 (Lines are neat, layout is rigorous, showcasing superb writing skill)
    -   对研究中国早期文字的演变和书法艺术的发展具有极其重要的价值 (Has extremely important value for studying the evolution of early Chinese characters and the development of calligraphy art)

## 相关背景 (Related Background)
-   **商朝末期统治 (Late Shang Dynasty Rule):**
    -   商纣王的残暴统治导致社会矛盾激化 (The tyrannical rule of King Zhou of Shang led to intensified social contradictions)
    -   诸侯离心离德，民怨沸腾 (Feudal lords became disaffected, popular resentment boiled over)
-   **周部落的崛起 (Rise of the Zhou Tribe):**
    -   周文王、周武王父子励精图治，积蓄力量 (King Wen and King Wu of Zhou, father and son, made determined efforts to strengthen the state and accumulate power)
    -   发展农业生产，争取盟友，为灭商做准备 (Developed agricultural production, sought allies, prepared for the conquest of Shang)
    -   提出“敬德保民”思想，争取民心 (Put forward the idea of "respecting virtue and protecting the people" to win popular support)
-   **武王伐纣与牧野之战 (King Wu's Conquest and the Battle of Muye):**
    -   周武王会盟诸侯，发布《牧誓》，出兵伐商 (King Wu of Zhou convened allied lords, issued the "Mu Shi", and sent troops to attack Shang)
    -   牧野之战是周军与商军进行的具有决定意义的会战 (The Battle of Muye was a decisive pitched battle between the Zhou army and the Shang army)
    -   周军以少胜多，商朝灭亡，周朝建立 (The Zhou army, with fewer numbers, defeated the superior Shang forces; the Shang Dynasty fell, and the Zhou Dynasty was established)
-   **西周早期政治制度 (Early Western Zhou Political System):**
    -   分封制（封邦建国）的实行，加强了对地方的控制 (Implementation of the Fengjian system (enfeoffment of states) strengthened control over local areas)
    -   宗法制作为社会政治制度的基础 (The patriarchal clan system as the basis of the social and political system)
    -   礼乐制度的初步形成，维护社会秩序 (Preliminary formation of the ritual and music system to maintain social order)
-   **青铜器文化 (Bronze Culture):**
    -   青铜器在西周时期仍是国家权力和等级地位的重要象征 (Bronze vessels remained an important symbol of state power and hierarchical status during the Western Zhou period)
    -   金文（青铜器铭文）成为记录历史、歌颂功德的重要载体 (Bronze inscriptions became an important vehicle for recording history and praising achievements)

利簋思维导图

基本信息 (Basic Information)

名称 (Name): 利簋 (Lì Guǐ)
- 因器内底部铭文记载周武王赐给一位名叫“利”的官员而得名 (Named after the inscription inside the bottom of the vessel recording King Wu of Zhou bestowing a reward upon an official named "Li")
器形 (Shape): 圆腹、三足、双耳、下方座的青铜簋 (A bronze Gui with a round body, three legs, two handles, and a square pedestal)
- 簋是中国古代用于盛放煮熟的饭食（如稻、粱、黍、稷等）的礼器 (Gui is an ancient ritual vessel used to hold cooked grains like rice, millet)
- 属于西周早期流行的青铜器类型 (Belongs to a type of bronze vessel popular in the early Western Zhou period)
年代 (Period): 西周早期武王时期 (Early Western Zhou, King Wu period)
- 据铭文内容，其制作年代紧随武王伐纣胜利之后 (According to the inscription content, its manufacturing date closely followed King Wu's victory over Zhou)
出土时间 (Excavation Time): 1976年1月 (January 1976)
- 属窖藏出土，保存状况良好 (Excavated from a hoard, preserved in good condition)
出土地点 (Excavation Location): 陕西省临潼县零口镇 (Lingkou Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province)
现藏地点 (Current Location): 中国国家博物馆 (National Museum of China)
- 被列为首批禁止出国（境）展览文物 (Listed as one of the first cultural relics prohibited from exhibition abroad)
- 誉为“青铜之冠” (Praised as the "Crown of Bronze Vessels")
尺寸 (Size):
- 通高：28 厘米 (Total height: 28 cm)
- 口径：22 厘米 (Caliber: 22 cm)
- 重：7.9 公斤 (Weight: 7.9 kg)
纹饰 (Decoration):
- 腹部装饰兽面纹，具有早期饕餮纹的特征 (The body is decorated with animal mask patterns, characteristic of early Taotie patterns)
- 方座装饰夔龙纹，形态生动古朴 (The square pedestal is decorated with Kui-dragon patterns, vivid and ancient in form)
- 纹饰风格简洁有力，体现了西周早期青铜艺术的特点 (The decoration style is simple and powerful, reflecting the characteristics of early Western Zhou bronze art)

铭文 (Inscription)

位置 (Location): 簋腹内底部 (Inside the bottom of the Gui's body)
字数 (Number of Characters): 32字，分4行排列 (32 characters, arranged in 4 lines)
- 其中有4个重文符号 (Including 4 repeated character symbols)
书体 (Script Style): 西周早期金文，具有典型的周原风格 (Early Western Zhou bronze inscription, with typical Zhouyuan style)
内容概述 (Content Summary):
- 记述了周武王征伐商纣王的历史事件 (Records the historical event of King Wu of Zhou conquering King Zhou of Shang)
- 明确指出这一军事行动发生在“甲子”那一天 (Clearly points out that this military action occurred on the "Jiazi" day)
  - “武王征商，唯甲子朝，岁鼎” (King Wu attacked Shang, on the Jiazi morning, at the year's peak/auspicious time)
  - 这是指牧野之战发生的具体日期 (This refers to the specific date of the Battle of Muye)
- 记录了周武王在战役结束后论功行赏 (Records King Wu bestowing rewards after the campaign ended)
- 记录了一位名叫“利”的官员因追随武王伐纣而受到赏赐 (Records an official named "Li" being rewarded for following King Wu in the conquest)
  - “武王既克商，则咸刈四方，我唯簋，奔朕戎，辟事” (After King Wu conquered Shang, he pacified all directions. I, Gui [the vessel's name/maker], served in his army, managing affairs) - Describes Li's service
  - “于甲子，唯丙戌，武王赐贝三十朋” (On the Jiazi day [of the battle], on the Bingxu day [three days later], King Wu bestowed thirty strings of cowries) - Records the reward
- 记录了“利”为了纪念受到武王赏赐，而铸造了这件铜簋 (Records that "Li" cast this bronze Gui to commemorate receiving King Wu's reward)
  - “用作朕祖父乙彝” (Used to make a ritual vessel for my grandfather Yi) - Indicates the purpose was for ancestral worship
文字特点 (Character Features):
- 字形结构严谨端庄，富于变化 (Strict and dignified character structure, rich in variation)
- 笔画粗细适中，遒劲有力 (Stroke thickness is moderate, powerful and robust)
- 章法布局井然有序，疏密有致 (Layout is orderly, with balanced density)
- 具有承前启后的过渡性书风 (Possesses a transitional calligraphy style that connects the past and the future)

历史意义 (Historical Significance)

直接证实武王伐纣史实 (Directly Confirms the Historical Fact of King Wu's Conquest):
- 利簋铭文是迄今发现的关于武王伐纣及其关键战役——牧野之战的最早的、最直接的实物史料 (The Li Gui inscription is the earliest and most direct physical historical material found to date regarding King Wu's conquest and its key battle - the Battle of Muye)
- 与《尚书·牧誓》、《逸周书·世俘解》、《史记·周本纪》等传世文献记载互相印证 (Mutually confirms accounts in transmitted texts such as "Shangshu - Mu Shi", "Yi Zhou Shu - Shi Fu Jie", and "Records of the Grand Historian - Basic Annals of Zhou")
提供了武王伐纣的准确年代信息 (Provides Accurate Chronological Information for King Wu's Conquest):
- 铭文中明确记载了战役发生在“甲子”日 (The inscription explicitly records the battle occurred on the "Jiazi" day)
- 这一关键日期信息，结合天文推算和史料考证，为确定周武王伐纣的具体年份（约公元前1046年）提供了至关重要的依据 (This crucial date information, combined with astronomical calculations and historical research, provides vital basis for determining the specific year of King Wu's conquest (approx. 1046 BCE))
- 是夏商周断代工程研究中的重要支点文物 (It is an important supporting artifact in the research of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project)
见证了西周王朝的建立 (Witnesses the Establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty):
- 作为周武王伐纣胜利后すぐ制作的纪念性礼器 (As a commemorative ritual vessel made soon after King Wu's victory over Zhou)
- 是周朝取代商朝、建立新的王朝统治的强有力物证 (Is strong physical evidence of the Zhou Dynasty replacing the Shang Dynasty and establishing new dynastic rule)
- 反映了周王朝初期的政治格局和军事制度 (Reflects the political structure and military system in the early period of the Zhou Dynasty)
研究西周早期历史的重要资料 (Important Material for Studying Early Western Zhou History):
- 其铭文内容为研究西周初年的历史事件、官职制度、赏赐制度、历法、语言文字等提供了极为珍贵的史料 (Its inscription content provides extremely precious historical material for studying historical events, official systems, reward systems, calendar, language and script in the early years of the Western Zhou)

艺术价值 (Artistic Value)

器物造型艺术 (Vessel Shape Art):
- 簋体厚重，圈足较高，下有方座，造型端庄稳固 (The Gui body is heavy, the ring foot is high, and there is a square pedestal below, resulting in a dignified and stable shape)
- 体现了西周早期青铜器特有的雄浑气魄 (Embodies the unique majestic spirit of early Western Zhou bronze vessels)
- 其方座设计独特，为同类青铜簋中所罕见 (Its square pedestal design is unique and rare among similar bronze Gui)
纹饰艺术 (Decoration Art):
- 纹饰虽不如商代后期繁缛，但线条流畅，构图巧妙 (Although the decoration is not as complex as in the late Shang Dynasty, the lines are smooth and the composition is ingenious)
- 兽面纹和夔龙纹图案具有鲜明的时代特色和地域风格 (The animal mask and Kui-dragon patterns have distinct period characteristics and regional style)
- 反映了西周早期青铜器装饰艺术的演变趋势 (Reflects the trend of evolution in early Western Zhou bronze decoration art)
书法艺术 (Calligraphy Art):
- 利簋铭文书法是西周早期金文的典范之作 (The calligraphy of the Li Gui inscription is a model work of early Western Zhou bronze script)
- 字形古朴大方，笔道圆润遒劲 (Character shapes are ancient and generous, strokes are rounded and powerful)
- 行款整齐，章法严谨，展现了高超的书写技艺 (Lines are neat, layout is rigorous, showcasing superb writing skill)
- 对研究中国早期文字的演变和书法艺术的发展具有极其重要的价值 (Has extremely important value for studying the evolution of early Chinese characters and the development of calligraphy art)

利簋思维导图

利簋思维导图

基本信息 (Basic Information)

铭文 (Inscription)

历史意义 (Historical Significance)

艺术价值 (Artistic Value)

相关背景 (Related Background)

相关思维导图推荐