中华传统文化英语思维导图
《中华传统文化英语思维导图》
I. Philosophy & Thought (哲学与思想)
A. Confucianism (儒家思想)
- Key Concepts: (核心概念)
- Ren (仁): Benevolence, humaneness, compassion (仁爱，人性，同情)
- Yi (义): Righteousness, justice, morality (正义，公正，道德)
- Li (礼): Ritual, propriety, etiquette (礼仪，礼节，礼貌)
- Zhi (智): Wisdom, knowledge, intelligence (智慧，知识，智能)
- Xin (信): Faithfulness, trustworthiness, sincerity (忠诚，可信赖，真诚)
- Xiao (孝): Filial piety, respect for elders (孝道，尊敬长辈)
- Confucius (孔子): Founder of Confucianism (儒家创始人)
- Mencius (孟子): Advocate of human goodness (性善论的倡导者)
- Xunzi (荀子): Advocate of human nature being evil (性恶论的倡导者)
- Governing principles (治理原则)
- Social order (社会秩序)
- Education system (教育体系)
- Moral values (道德价值观)
B. Taoism/Daoism (道家思想)
- Key Concepts: (核心概念)
- Dao (道): The Way, the ultimate principle (道，终极原则)
- De (德): Virtue, inherent power (德，内在力量)
- Wu Wei (无为): Non-action, effortless action (无为，不作为而为)
- Ziran (自然): Naturalness, spontaneity (自然，自发性)
- Yin and Yang (阴阳): Complementary opposites (互补对立)
- Lao Tzu (老子): Traditionally credited with writing the Tao Te Ching (传统上认为是《道德经》的作者)
- Zhuangzi (庄子): Elaborated on Taoist philosophy (阐述道家哲学)
- Lifestyle: Emphasis on simplicity and harmony with nature (生活方式：强调简朴和与自然和谐)
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (中医)
- Martial arts (武术)
- Art and literature (艺术和文学)
C. Buddhism (佛教)
- Key Concepts: (核心概念)
- Karma (业): Actions and consequences (行为和后果)
- Rebirth (轮回): Cycle of death and rebirth (生死轮回)
- Nirvana (涅槃): Liberation from suffering (从苦难中解脱)
- Four Noble Truths (四圣谛): The nature of suffering and the path to liberation (苦的本质和解脱之道)
- Eightfold Path (八正道): The path to enlightenment (通往启蒙的道路)
- Chan Buddhism (禅宗): Emphasis on meditation (强调冥想)
- Pure Land Buddhism (净土宗): Emphasis on devotion to Amitabha Buddha (强调对阿弥陀佛的虔诚)
- Religious practices (宗教习俗)
- Art and architecture (艺术和建筑)
- Moral principles (道德原则)
II. Arts & Literature (艺术与文学)
A. Painting (绘画)
- Styles: (风格)
- Landscape painting (山水画)
- Figure painting (人物画)
- Bird-and-flower painting (花鸟画)
- Ink wash painting (水墨画)
- Calligraphy as an integral part of the painting (书法是绘画不可分割的一部分)
- Tang Yin (唐寅)
- Xu Wei (徐渭)
B. Calligraphy (书法)
- Styles: (风格)
- Seal script (篆书)
- Clerical script (隶书)
- Regular script (楷书)
- Running script (行书)
- Cursive script (草书)
- Four Treasures of the Study (文房四宝): Brush, ink, paper, inkstone (笔墨纸砚)
- Notable Calligraphers: (著名书法家)
- Wang Xizhi (王羲之)
- Yan Zhenqing (颜真卿)
C. Literature (文学)
- Poetry: (诗歌)
- Tang poetry (唐诗): Golden age of Chinese poetry (中国诗歌的黄金时代)
- Ci poetry (词): A form of lyric poetry (一种抒情诗歌)
- Historical texts (历史文本)
- Philosophical essays (哲学文章)
- Four Great Classical Novels (四大名著):
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三国演义)
- Water Margin (水浒传)
- Journey to the West (西游记)
- Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦)
D. Music (音乐)
- Instruments: (乐器)
- Guqin (古琴): A seven-stringed zither (一种七弦琴)
- Erhu (二胡): A two-stringed bowed instrument (一种二胡)
- Pipa (琵琶): A four-stringed plucked instrument (一种四弦琵琶)
- Folk music (民间音乐)
- Court music (宫廷音乐)
III. Customs & Traditions (风俗与传统)
A. Festivals (节日)
- Spring Festival (春节): Chinese New Year (中国新年)
- Lantern Festival (元宵节): Marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations (标志着春节庆祝活动的结束)
- Qingming Festival (清明节): Tomb-sweeping day (扫墓节)
- Dragon Boat Festival (端午节): Commemorates Qu Yuan (纪念屈原)
- Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节): Moon Festival (月亮节)
- Double Ninth Festival (重阳节): Senior's Day (敬老节)
B. Cuisine (烹饪)
- Regional Cuisines: (地方菜系)
- Cantonese cuisine (粤菜)
- Sichuan cuisine (川菜)
- Hunan cuisine (湘菜)
- Jiangsu cuisine (苏菜)
- Peking roast duck (北京烤鸭)
- Mapo tofu (麻婆豆腐)
- Kung Pao chicken (宫保鸡丁)
- Dumplings (饺子)
- Spring rolls (春卷)
C. Traditional Clothing (传统服装)
- Hanfu (汉服): Traditional clothing of the Han Chinese (汉族传统服饰)
- Cheongsam/Qipao (旗袍): A close-fitting dress (一种紧身连衣裙)
- Tang suit (唐装): A modern adaptation of traditional Chinese clothing (现代改良的中国传统服饰)
D. Tea Culture (茶文化)
- Types of Tea: (茶叶种类)
- Green tea (绿茶)
- Black tea (红茶)
- Oolong tea (乌龙茶)
- White tea (白茶)
- Pu-erh tea (普洱茶)
- Tea Ceremony (茶艺): A ritualized way of preparing and serving tea (一种仪式化的泡茶和品茶方式)
E. Martial Arts (武术)
- Styles: (流派)
- Tai Chi (太极拳)
- Shaolin Kung Fu (少林功夫)
- Wing Chun (咏春)
- Emphasis on self-defense and physical and mental discipline (强调自卫以及身心训练)
IV. Science & Technology (科学与技术)
A. Four Great Inventions (四大发明)
- Compass (指南针): Navigation and direction (导航和方向)
- Gunpowder (火药): Weaponry and fireworks (武器和烟花)
- Papermaking (造纸术): Communication and record-keeping (沟通和记录)
- Printing (印刷术): Dissemination of knowledge (知识传播)
B. Traditional Chinese Medicine (中医)
- Key Concepts: (核心概念)
- Meridians (经络): Channels through which vital energy flows (气血运行的通道)
- Acupuncture (针灸): Inserting needles to stimulate energy flow (通过针刺刺激能量流动)
- Herbal medicine (中草药): Using herbs to treat illnesses (用草药治疗疾病)
- Yin and Yang balance (阴阳平衡)
V. Values & Beliefs (价值观与信仰)
A. Harmony (和谐)
- With nature (与自然): Living in balance with the environment (与环境和谐相处)
- Social harmony (社会和谐): Maintaining peaceful relationships (维持和平关系)
- Personal harmony (个人和谐): Inner peace and balance (内心的平静与平衡)
B. Respect for Ancestors (尊敬祖先)
- Ancestor worship (祭祖): Honoring and remembering deceased relatives (祭奠和纪念已故亲属)
- Family lineage (家族谱系): Maintaining a record of family history (维护家族历史的记录)
C. Importance of Education (教育的重要性)
- Scholarship (学术): Valuing knowledge and learning (重视知识和学习)
- Confucian ideals of self-cultivation (儒家修身养性): Striving for moral and intellectual improvement (努力实现道德和智力上的提升)
D. Collectivism (集体主义)
- Prioritizing the group over the individual (将集体置于个人之上): Emphasizing community and social responsibility (强调社区和社会责任)
