八上英语34单元思维导图

# 《八上英语34单元思维导图》 ## 单元3：How do you get to school? ### I. Vocabulary & Expressions * **A. Transportation:** * Bus: 公共汽车 * Train: 火车 * Subway/Underground: 地铁 * Taxi/Cab: 出租车 * Bike/Bicycle: 自行车 * Car: 汽车 * Walk: 步行 * Ferry: 渡轮 * Airplane/Plane: 飞机 * **B. Adverbs of Frequency (How often):** * Always: 总是 * Usually: 通常 * Often: 经常 * Sometimes: 有时 * Hardly ever/Seldom: 很少 * Never: 从不 * **C. Prepositions of Place (Relative to Transportation):** * By (e.g., by bus, by car): 乘坐 * On (e.g., on the bus, on the train, on a bike): 在...上 * In (e.g., in a car, in a taxi): 在...里 * **D. Distances:** * Kilometer (km): 公里 * Mile: 英里 * Far: 远 * Near: 近 * **E. Other Useful Words & Phrases:** * Take (e.g., take the bus, take a train): 乘坐 * Ride (e.g., ride a bike, ride a horse): 骑 * Drive (e.g., drive a car): 开车 * How far: 多远 * How long: 多久 * Minute: 分钟 * Hour: 小时 * Leave for: 离开去往 * Get to: 到达 * Depend on: 取决于 * Between…and…: 在…和…之间 * Both…and…: 既…又… * Traffic light: 红绿灯 * Crowded: 拥挤的 * Fast: 快的 * Slow: 慢的 * Cheap: 便宜的 * Expensive: 贵的 * Convenient: 方便的 * Safe: 安全的 * Comfortable: 舒适的 * Dangerous: 危险的 ### II. Grammar * **A. Asking and Answering about Transportation:** * **Question:** How do you get to school? * **Answer:** I get to school by bus. / I walk to school. * **Question:** How far is it from your home to school? * **Answer:** It’s about 5 kilometers. * **Question:** How long does it take you to get to school? * **Answer:** It takes me about 20 minutes. * **B. Adverbs of Frequency and Their Placement:** * Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb (except "be" verbs). * Example: I usually take the bus. He sometimes walks to school. * With "be" verbs (is, are, am, was, were), adverbs of frequency go *after* the verb. * Example: He is always late. They are never on time. * **C. Using "It takes..." to Describe Time:** * "It takes + someone + time + to do something" * Example: It takes me 30 minutes to get to the library. * Example: It takes her an hour to finish her homework. ### III. Function & Usage * **A. Describing your daily commute:** Explaining how you travel to school/work/other places. Using vocabulary related to transportation, distance, and time. * **B. Asking about transportation methods:** Inquiring about how others travel and the related details (distance, time, cost). * **C. Expressing preferences for different modes of transportation:** Giving reasons for liking or disliking certain transportation methods (e.g., cost, convenience, safety, speed). * **D. Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various transportation options:** Weighing the pros and cons of different methods, considering factors like environmental impact and personal comfort. ### IV. Common Mistakes & Tips * **A. Prepositions:** Incorrect usage of "by," "on," and "in" with transportation. Remember "by" is general, "on" for surfaces, and "in" for enclosed spaces. * **B. Word Order with Adverbs of Frequency:** Remember to place adverbs of frequency in the correct position (before main verbs, after "be" verbs). * **C. Singular vs. Plural:** Pay attention to singular and plural nouns, especially when talking about distances (e.g., "It's five kilometers" not "It's five kilometer"). * **D. Asking the Right Questions:** Use "How far" for distance and "How long" for time duration. * **E. Practice:** Practice describing your own commute and asking others about theirs. ## 单元4：Why do you like koalas? ### I. Vocabulary & Expressions * **A. Animals:** * Koala: 考拉 * Panda: 熊猫 * Elephant: 大象 * Tiger: 老虎 * Lion: 狮子 * Monkey: 猴子 * Dolphin: 海豚 * Penguin: 企鹅 * Giraffe: 长颈鹿 * Zebra: 斑马 * **B. Adjectives to Describe Animals/People/Things:** * Cute: 可爱的 * Beautiful: 美丽的 * Interesting: 有趣的 * Intelligent: 聪明的 * Friendly: 友好的 * Shy: 害羞的 * Outgoing: 外向的 * Active: 活泼的 * Lazy: 懒惰的 * Funny: 有趣的，滑稽的 * Smart: 聪明的 * Strong: 强壮的 * Weak: 虚弱的 * Gentle: 温柔的 * Amazing: 令人惊叹的 * Dangerous: 危险的 * **C. Reasons:** * Because: 因为 * For example: 例如 * Reason: 原因 * **D. Food & Habitat:** * Bamboo: 竹子 * Eucalyptus leaves: 桉树叶 * Forest: 森林 * Jungle: 丛林 * Ocean: 海洋 * Grassland: 草原 * **E. Other Useful Words & Phrases:** * Most: 大多数 * Popular: 受欢迎的 * Protect: 保护 * Endangered: 濒危的 * Special: 特别的 * Australia: 澳大利亚 * China: 中国 * Think: 认为 * Feel: 感觉 * Believe: 相信 * Hope: 希望 * Explain: 解释 * Important: 重要的 * Benefit: 益处，好处 * Keep (e.g., keep pets): 饲养 ### II. Grammar * **A. Asking and Answering "Why" Questions:** * **Question:** Why do you like pandas? * **Answer:** I like pandas because they are cute. Because they are interesting. * **B. Using "Because" to Explain Reasons:** * "Because" introduces a clause that explains the reason for something. It answers the question "Why?" * Example: I study hard because I want to get good grades. * **C. Using "So" to Show Results/Consequences:** * "So" connects two clauses, showing that one is the result of the other. * Example: It was raining, so I took an umbrella. * **D. Using "Like/Love/Hate/Enjoy + -ing form of verb" to Express Preferences:** * Example: I like playing basketball. She loves singing. They hate doing homework. * **E. Simple Present Tense for General Truths and Facts:** * Pandas eat bamboo. Koalas live in Australia. ### III. Function & Usage * **A. Expressing Opinions and Preferences:** Clearly stating what you like and dislike. * **B. Giving Reasons for Your Preferences:** Explaining *why* you like or dislike something, using "because" effectively. * **C. Describing Animals (Physical Appearance & Characteristics):** Using adjectives to paint a picture of an animal, including its behavior and habitat. * **D. Discussing Animal Conservation:** Talking about why certain animals are endangered and what can be done to protect them. * **E. Talking about Pets:** Expressing your opinions about keeping pets and the responsibilities involved. ### IV. Common Mistakes & Tips * **A. "Because" and "So":** Don't use "because" and "so" together in the same sentence to connect the same two ideas. Choose one or the other. (Incorrect: *Because* it rained, *so* I stayed home. Correct: *Because* it rained, I stayed home. OR It rained, *so* I stayed home.) * **B. Subject-Verb Agreement:** Make sure the verb agrees with the subject, especially in the simple present tense (e.g., He *likes* pandas, not He *like* pandas). * **C. Adjective Order:** While not a primary focus in this unit, be mindful of adjective order when using multiple adjectives (e.g., a cute little puppy). * **D. Avoiding Overuse of "Because":** Try to vary your sentence structure and use other ways to explain reasons (e.g., "The reason I like dolphins is that they are intelligent"). * **E. Expanding Vocabulary:** Go beyond the basic adjectives and learn more descriptive words to make your descriptions more vivid and engaging. This detailed mind map provides a comprehensive overview of Units 3 and 4 in the eighth-grade English textbook, covering vocabulary, grammar, function, and common mistakes. It is designed to aid students in understanding and mastering the key concepts of these units.

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