《初一上册英语思维导图》

中心主题: 初一上册英语

一、语音 (Phonetics)

• 1. 音标 (Phonetic Symbols)
  • 1.1 元音 (Vowels)
    • • 1.1.1 短元音 (Short Vowels): /æ/ (cat), /e/ (bed), /ɪ/ (sit), /ɒ/ (hot), /ʌ/ (cup), /ʊ/ (put), /ə/ (about)
    • • 1.1.2 长元音 (Long Vowels): /iː/ (see), /ɑː/ (father), /ɔː/ (saw), /ɜː/ (bird), /uː/ (food)
    • • 1.1.3 双元音 (Diphthongs): /eɪ/ (day), /aɪ/ (my), /ɔɪ/ (boy), /əʊ/ (go), /aʊ/ (now), /ɪə/ (here), /eə/ (hair), /ʊə/ (tour)
  • 1.2 辅音 (Consonants)
    • • 1.2.1 清辅音 (Voiceless Consonants): /p/ (pen), /t/ (tea), /k/ (key), /f/ (fan), /θ/ (think), /s/ (sun), /ʃ/ (she), /h/ (hat), /tʃ/ (chair)
    • • 1.2.2 浊辅音 (Voiced Consonants): /b/ (bed), /d/ (dog), /ɡ/ (go), /v/ (van), /ð/ (this), /z/ (zoo), /ʒ/ (measure), /dʒ/ (judge), /m/ (man), /n/ (no), /ŋ/ (sing), /l/ (leg), /r/ (red), /w/ (wet), /j/ (yes)
  • 1.3 特殊发音 (Special Pronunciation)
    • • 1.3.1 弱读 (Weak Forms): of, to, for, a, an, the
    • • 1.3.2 连读 (Linking)
    • • 1.3.3 爆破音的失去爆破 (Unreleased Plosives)
• 2. 重音 (Stress)
  • 2.1 单词重音 (Word Stress)
    • • 2.1.1 一般规则 (General Rules)
    • • 2.1.2 特殊规则 (Special Rules)
  • 2.2 句子重音 (Sentence Stress)
    • • 2.2.1 内容词重读 (Content Words)
    • • 2.2.2 功能词弱读 (Function Words)
• 3. 语调 (Intonation)
  • 3.1 升调 (Rising Intonation)
    • • 3.1.1 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions)
    • • 3.1.2 列举未完 (Listing)
  • 3.2 降调 (Falling Intonation)
    • • 3.2.1 陈述句 (Statements)
    • • 3.2.2 特殊疑问句 (Wh-Questions)

二、词汇 (Vocabulary)

• 1. 人物 (People)
  • • 1.1 家庭成员 (Family Members): father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, parents, siblings
  • • 1.2 朋友 (Friends): friend, classmate, neighbour
  • • 1.3 职业 (Occupations): teacher, doctor, student, worker, driver
• 2. 地点 (Places)
  • • 2.1 家庭 (Home): house, room, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, living room, garden
  • • 2.2 学校 (School): school, classroom, library, playground, canteen, office
  • • 2.3 城市 (City): city, town, park, hospital, supermarket, shop, cinema
• 3. 物品 (Things)
  • • 3.1 文具 (Stationery): pen, pencil, book, ruler, eraser, notebook, schoolbag
  • • 3.2 食物 (Food): rice, bread, meat, vegetable, fruit, milk, water
  • • 3.3 日用品 (Daily Necessities): clothes, shoes, watch, umbrella, phone
• 4. 时间 (Time)
  • • 4.1 星期 (Days of the week): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
  • • 4.2 月份 (Months of the year): January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
  • • 4.3 季节 (Seasons): spring, summer, autumn, winter
  • • 4.4 时间表达 (Time Expressions): o'clock, half past, quarter past, quarter to, morning, afternoon, evening, night
• 5. 动物 (Animals)
  • • 5.1 家禽 (Domestic Animals): cat, dog, bird, fish, pig, cow, sheep
  • • 5.2 野生动物 (Wild Animals): lion, tiger, elephant, monkey, snake, giraffe
• 6. 形容词 (Adjectives)
  • • 6.1 描述外貌 (Describing Appearance): tall, short, thin, fat, beautiful, ugly, young, old
  • • 6.2 描述性格 (Describing Personality): happy, sad, angry, kind, friendly, shy, clever, silly
  • • 6.3 描述事物 (Describing Things): big, small, new, old, good, bad, long, short
• 7. 动词 (Verbs)
  • • 7.1 日常动作 (Daily Actions): eat, drink, sleep, study, play, watch, read, write, listen, speak
  • • 7.2 其他动词 (Other Verbs): like, love, hate, want, need, have, go, come, see, think

三、语法 (Grammar)

• 1. 词类 (Parts of Speech)
  • • 1.1 名词 (Nouns): 可数名词 (Countable Nouns), 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns), 单数 (Singular), 复数 (Plural)
  • • 1.2 代词 (Pronouns): 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns), 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns), 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)
  • • 1.3 动词 (Verbs): be动词 (be verbs), 实义动词 (Action Verbs), 助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs)
  • • 1.4 形容词 (Adjectives): 描述性形容词 (Descriptive Adjectives)
  • • 1.5 副词 (Adverbs): 描述动词 (Describing Verbs), 描述形容词 (Describing Adjectives)
  • • 1.6 介词 (Prepositions): in, on, at, under, over, behind, beside, near, between
  • • 1.7 连词 (Conjunctions): and, but, or, so, because
  • • 1.8 数词 (Numerals): one, two, three, first, second, third
• 2. 句子成分 (Sentence Elements)
  • • 2.1 主语 (Subject)
  • • 2.2 谓语 (Predicate)
  • • 2.3 宾语 (Object)
  • • 2.4 表语 (Complement)
  • • 2.5 定语 (Attribute)
  • • 2.6 状语 (Adverbial)
• 3. 基本句型 (Basic Sentence Patterns)
  • • 3.1 S + V: I run.
  • • 3.2 S + V + O: I eat rice.
  • • 3.3 S + V + C: I am a student.
  • • 3.4 S + V + IO + DO: I give him a book.
  • • 3.5 S + V + O + OC: I make him happy.
• 4. 时态 (Tenses)
  • • 4.1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense): 描述习惯、事实、真理
  • • 4.2 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense): 描述现在正在发生的动作
  • • 4.3 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense): 描述过去发生的动作
  • • 4.4 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense): will/be going to
• 5. 疑问句 (Questions)
  • • 5.1 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions)
  • • 5.2 特殊疑问句 (Wh-Questions)
  • • 5.3 选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions)
  • • 5.4 反意疑问句 (Tag Questions)
• 6. 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)
• 7. 名词所有格 (Possessive Case of Nouns)
• 8. there be句型 (There be sentence pattern)
• 9. 情态动词 (Modal Verbs): can, should, must

四、话题 (Topics)

• 1. 自我介绍 (Self-introduction)
• 2. 家庭 (Family)
• 3. 学校生活 (School Life)
• 4. 爱好 (Hobbies)
• 5. 日常生活 (Daily Life)
• 6. 描述人物 (Describing People)
• 7. 描述地点 (Describing Places)
• 8. 谈论时间 (Talking about Time)
• 9. 谈论天气 (Talking about Weather)
• 10. 购物 (Shopping)

五、技能 (Skills)

• 1. 听力 (Listening)
  • • 1.1 听辨音素 (Discriminating Phonemes)
  • • 1.2 听懂指令 (Understanding Instructions)
  • • 1.3 听懂对话 (Understanding Dialogues)
  • • 1.4 听懂短文 (Understanding Short Passages)
• 2. 口语 (Speaking)
  • • 2.1 正确发音 (Correct Pronunciation)
  • • 2.2 流利表达 (Fluent Expression)
  • • 2.3 积极参与 (Active Participation)
• 3. 阅读 (Reading)
  • • 3.1 识别词汇 (Recognizing Vocabulary)
  • • 3.2 理解句子 (Understanding Sentences)
  • • 3.3 抓住主旨 (Grasping Main Ideas)
• 4. 写作 (Writing)
  • • 4.1 规范书写 (Standard Writing)
  • • 4.2 正确语法 (Correct Grammar)
  • • 4.3 清晰表达 (Clear Expression)

六、学习方法 (Learning Methods)

• 1. 预习 (Preview)
• 2. 课堂认真听讲 (Attending Class Carefully)
• 3. 课后复习 (Reviewing after Class)
• 4. 多练习 (Practice More)
• 5. 查阅字典 (Consulting Dictionaries)
• 6. 积极提问 (Asking Questions Actively)
• 7. 创造英语环境 (Creating an English Environment)
• 8. 培养兴趣 (Cultivating Interest)

This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of the key elements covered in the first semester of junior high school English. It encompasses phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, topics, skills, and learning methods, offering a structured framework for effective learning and review.