《英语思维导图天气》

中心主题：Weather (天气)

I. Basic Vocabulary (基础词汇)

• A. General Terms (通用术语):
  • 1. Weather: 天气
  • 2. Temperature: 温度 (高：High; 低：Low)
  • 3. Climate: 气候
  • 4. Forecast: 预报 (Weather forecast: 天气预报)
  • 5. Season: 季节 (Spring, Summer, Autumn/Fall, Winter)
• B. Common Weather Conditions (常见天气状况):
  • 1. Sunny: 晴朗的
       • a. Bright: 明亮的
       • b. Clear skies: 晴空万里
  • 2. Cloudy: 多云的
       • a. Overcast: 阴天
       • b. Partly cloudy: 多云转晴
  • 3. Rainy: 下雨的
       • a. Light rain: 小雨 (Drizzle: 毛毛雨)
       • b. Heavy rain: 大雨 (Downpour: 倾盆大雨)
       • c. Thunderstorm: 雷暴 (Thunder: 雷; Lightning: 闪电)
  • 4. Snowy: 下雪的
       • a. Snowflake: 雪花
       • b. Snowfall: 降雪量
       • c. Blizzard: 暴风雪
  • 5. Windy: 有风的
       • a. Breeze: 微风
       • b. Gale: 强风
       • c. Hurricane/Typhoon: 飓风/台风
  • 6. Foggy/Misty: 有雾的/薄雾的
       • a. Dense fog: 浓雾
       • b. Visibility: 可见度 (Low visibility: 低能见度)
• C. Descriptors (描述词):
  • 1. Hot: 热的
  • 2. Cold: 冷的
  • 3. Warm: 温暖的
  • 4. Cool: 凉爽的
  • 5. Mild: 温和的
  • 6. Humid: 潮湿的
  • 7. Dry: 干燥的

II. Advanced Vocabulary & Phrases (高级词汇和短语)

• A. Weather Phenomena (天气现象):
  • 1. Hail: 冰雹
  • 2. Sleet: 雨夹雪
  • 3. Rainbow: 彩虹
  • 4. Heatwave: 热浪
  • 5. Drought: 干旱
  • 6. Flood: 洪水
  • 7. Frost: 霜
  • 8. Ice: 冰
• B. Measuring Weather (测量天气):
  • 1. Thermometer: 温度计
  • 2. Barometer: 气压计
  • 3. Anemometer: 风速计
  • 4. Rain gauge: 雨量计
• C. Weather-Related Idioms (与天气相关的习语):
  • 1. Under the weather: 身体不舒服
  • 2. A fair-weather friend: 只能共患难的朋友
  • 3. Come rain or shine: 不管发生什么事
  • 4. Every cloud has a silver lining: 每朵乌云都镶着银边 (塞翁失马，焉知非福)
  • 5. To weather the storm: 度过难关
  • 6. As right as rain: 非常健康
• D. Describing Intensity (描述强度):
  • 1. Slightly: 稍微
  • 2. Moderately: 中等程度
  • 3. Extremely: 极其
  • 4. Intense: 强烈的
  • 5. Torrential: 倾盆的 (e.g., Torrential rain)

III. Grammatical Structures (语法结构)

• A. Describing the Weather (描述天气):
  • 1. "It is + adjective" (e.g., It is sunny, It is cold)
  • 2. "It is + verb-ing" (e.g., It is raining, It is snowing)
  • 3. "The weather is + adjective" (e.g., The weather is beautiful, The weather is unpredictable)
  • 4. "There is/are + noun" (e.g., There is a rainbow, There are clouds)
• B. Asking about the Weather (询问天气):
  • 1. "What's the weather like?"
  • 2. "How's the weather?"
  • 3. "Is it raining?"
  • 4. "What's the temperature?"
• C. Expressing Preferences (表达偏好):
  • 1. "I like/prefer + weather condition" (e.g., I like sunny days)
  • 2. "I don't like/dislike + weather condition" (e.g., I don't like rainy days)
• D. Using Conditionals (使用条件句):
  • 1. "If it rains, I will stay at home."
  • 2. "If the weather is good, we will go to the park."

IV. Practical Applications (实际应用)

• A. Daily Conversation (日常对话):
  • 1. Greeting and discussing the weather
  • 2. Making plans based on the weather forecast
  • 3. Expressing feelings about different types of weather
• B. Travel Planning (旅行计划):
  • 1. Checking the weather forecast before traveling
  • 2. Packing appropriate clothing for the weather
  • 3. Adjusting travel plans based on the weather
• C. Emergency Situations (紧急情况):
  • 1. Understanding weather warnings and alerts
  • 2. Knowing how to stay safe during severe weather (e.g., hurricanes, floods)
  • 3. Following instructions from authorities during emergencies
• D. Environmental Awareness (环境意识):
  • 1. Discussing the impact of climate change on weather patterns
  • 2. Learning about the causes of extreme weather events
  • 3. Understanding the importance of environmental protection

V. Regional Variations (区域差异)

• A. Deserts (沙漠):
  • 1. Hot and dry
  • 2. Large temperature fluctuations
  • 3. Sandstorms
• B. Tropical Regions (热带地区):
  • 1. Hot and humid
  • 2. Frequent rainfall
  • 3. Monsoons
• C. Polar Regions (极地地区):
  • 1. Extremely cold
  • 2. Ice and snow
  • 3. Long periods of darkness
• D. Temperate Regions (温带地区):
  • 1. Four distinct seasons
  • 2. Moderate temperatures and rainfall
  • 3. Varied weather conditions

VI. Weather Technology & Resources (天气技术与资源)

• A. Websites & Apps:
  • 1. AccuWeather
  • 2. The Weather Channel
  • 3. National Weather Service (NWS)
  • 4. BBC Weather
• B. Technology:
  • 1. Weather satellites
  • 2. Radar
  • 3. Computer models
• C. Media:
  • 1. TV Weather reports
  • 2. Radio weather updates
  • 3. Online news articles

VII. Verbs related to Weather (与天气相关的动词)

• A. Actions of nature:
  • 1. Rain: 下雨
  • 2. Snow: 下雪
  • 3. Freeze: 结冰
  • 4. Melt: 融化
  • 5. Blow: 刮 (风)
  • 6. Flood: 淹没
  • 7. Evaporate: 蒸发
• B. Actions of people due to weather:
  • 1. Dress warmly: 穿暖和
  • 2. Seek shelter: 寻找避难所
  • 3. Postpone: 推迟
  • 4. Cancel: 取消
  • 5. Prepare: 准备
• C. Observation & Reporting:
  • 1. Forecast: 预测
  • 2. Predict: 预言
  • 3. Report: 报告
  • 4. Observe: 观察

VIII. Weather and Culture (天气与文化)

• A. Folklore and myths:
  • 1. Groundhog Day: 土拨鼠日 (美国)
  • 2. Rain dances: 求雨舞 (各种文化)
  • 3. Beliefs about animal behavior predicting weather
• B. Art and Literature:
  • 1. Depictions of weather in paintings
  • 2. Use of weather as a metaphor in literature
  • 3. Songs about rain, sun, wind, etc.
• C. Social activities:
  • 1. Outdoor activities dependent on good weather (e.g., picnics, sports)
  • 2. Indoor activities preferred in bad weather (e.g., board games, reading)

This comprehensive mind map provides a thorough overview of English vocabulary and grammar related to weather, covering basic terms, advanced phrases, practical applications, regional variations, technological resources, and cultural influences. It serves as a useful tool for learners of all levels to improve their English skills and expand their knowledge of this important topic.