初一英语第一单元思维导图

# 《初一英语第一单元思维导图》 ## 1. Greetings & Introductions (问候与介绍) * **1.1 Common Greetings (常用问候语)** * *Formal:* * Hello / Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening * How do you do? (How do you do?) - 回答也是 How do you do? * *Informal:* * Hi / Hey * What's up? / How's it going? (非正式，询问近况) * *Response to Greetings:* * Fine, thank you. And you? * I'm good / I'm doing well / Not bad * Pretty good / Great (非正式) * **1.2 Introductions (介绍)** * *Introducing Yourself:* * My name is... / I'm... / I am... * Let me introduce myself. I'm... * *Introducing Others:* * This is... / May I introduce...? * Nice to meet you. (很高兴认识你) * Pleased to meet you. (很高兴认识你，更正式) * *Responding to Introductions:* * Nice to meet you, too. * Pleased to meet you, too. * *Asking Someone's Name:* * What's your name? * May I have your name? * *Spelling Out Names (拼写名字):* * Can you spell that, please? * **1.3 Asking About Well-being (询问近况)** * How are you? * How are you doing? * How's life? (非正式) ## 2. Numbers & Age (数字与年龄) * **2.1 Cardinal Numbers (基数词)** * 1-10: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten * 11-20: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty * Tens: thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety * Hundreds: one hundred, two hundred,... * Thousands: one thousand, two thousand,... * **2.2 Ordinal Numbers (序数词)** * First (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th), thirteenth (13th), ... * Used for dates and positions. * **2.3 Asking and Answering Age (询问和回答年龄)** * How old are you? * I am... years old. * She is ... years old. * He is ... years old. ## 3. Classroom Objects & Places (教室物品与地点) * **3.1 Classroom Objects (教室物品)** * Desk, chair, blackboard, whiteboard, book, notebook, pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, sharpener, map, computer, projector, clock, door, window * Dictionary, globe, poster * **3.2 Places in the School (学校里的地点)** * Classroom, library, canteen, playground, gym, office, teacher's office, principal's office, lab (laboratory), restroom/toilet * **3.3 Prepositions of Place (地点介词)** * In (在...里面), on (在...上面), under (在...下面), near (在...附近), behind (在...后面), in front of (在...前面), next to (在...旁边), between (在...之间) * Example: The book is on the desk. The classroom is near the library. ## 4. Personal Pronouns & Possessive Adjectives (人称代词和形容词性物主代词) * **4.1 Personal Pronouns (人称代词)** * *Subject Pronouns (主语人称代词):* I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they * *Object Pronouns (宾语人称代词):* me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them * Example: *I* am a student. She likes *him*. * **4.2 Possessive Adjectives (形容词性物主代词)** * My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their * Used before nouns to show possession. * Example: This is *my* book. *Her* name is Mary. ## 5. The Verb "To Be" (动词“是”) * **5.1 Present Simple (现在简单时)** * *Affirmative (肯定形式):* I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are * *Negative (否定形式):* I am not, you are not (aren't), he/she/it is not (isn't), we are not (aren't), you are not (aren't), they are not (aren't) * *Interrogative (疑问形式):* Am I...? Are you...? Is he/she/it...? Are we...? Are you...? Are they...? * *Short Answers (简短回答):* Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, you are. No, you aren't. * Used to describe states of being, identify people or objects. * Example: I *am* a student. He *is* tall. They *are* happy. * **5.2 Contractions (缩写形式)** * I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, they're * Aren't, isn't ## 6. Demonstrative Pronouns (指示代词) * **6.1 Singular (单数)** * This (这个): used for something near to the speaker. * That (那个): used for something far from the speaker. * **6.2 Plural (复数)** * These (这些): used for things near to the speaker. * Those (那些): used for things far from the speaker. * **6.3 Usage (用法)** * *This* is a pen. * *That* is a book. * *These* are pens. * *Those* are books. * Used to point out specific things or people. ## 7. Countries and Nationalities (国家和国籍) * **7.1 Common Countries (常见国家)** * China, America (USA), England, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Germany, Russia, Korea, Brazil * **7.2 Common Nationalities (常见国籍)** * Chinese, American, English, Canadian, Australian, Japanese, French, German, Russian, Korean, Brazilian * **7.3 Asking About Nationality (询问国籍)** * Where are you from? * What's your nationality? * **7.4 Answering About Nationality (回答国籍)** * I'm from... (国家). * I'm... (国籍). * I am ... (国籍). * **7.5 Example:** * A: Where are you from? * B: I'm from China. I'm Chinese. ## 8. Imperatives (祈使句) * **8.1 Structure (结构)** * Base form of the verb (动词原形) * **8.2 Positive Imperatives (肯定祈使句)** * Open the door. * Close the window. * Sit down. * Stand up. * Be quiet. * **8.3 Negative Imperatives (否定祈使句)** * Don't + base form of the verb (Don't + 动词原形) * Don't open the door. * Don't be late. * Don't talk. * **8.4 Usage (用法)** * Giving commands (发出命令) * Making requests (提出请求) * Giving instructions (给出指示) * Giving warnings (发出警告) ## 9. Basic Question Words (基本疑问词) * **9.1 What (什么)** * Asking about things. What is your name? What is this? * **9.2 Who (谁)** * Asking about people. Who is that? Who are you? * **9.3 Where (哪里)** * Asking about places. Where are you from? Where is the library? * **9.4 When (什么时候)** * Asking about time. When is your birthday? * **9.5 How (如何)** * Asking about manner, condition, or quantity. How are you? How old are you? How many books are there? ## 10. Common Sentence Structures (常用句型) * **10.1 Simple Sentences (简单句)** * Subject + Verb + (Object/Complement) * I am a student. She is happy. He reads a book. * **10.2 "This is..." / "That is..." (这是/那是)** * This is a pen. That is a book. * **10.3 "There is..." / "There are..." (有)** * There is a book on the desk. There are many students in the classroom. * **10.4 Questions with "Is/Are" (用Is/Are提问的句子)** * Is this a pen? Are you a student? * **10.5 Questions with Question Words (用疑问词提问的句子)** * What is your name? Where are you from? How old are you?

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