初一英语第一单元思维导图

# 《初一英语第一单元思维导图》

## 1. Greetings & Introductions (问候与介绍)

*   **1.1 Common Greetings (常用问候语)**

*   *Formal:*
            *   Hello / Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening
            *   How do you do? (How do you do?) - 回答也是 How do you do?
        *   *Informal:*
            *   Hi / Hey
            *   What's up? / How's it going? (非正式，询问近况)
        *   *Response to Greetings:*
            *   Fine, thank you. And you?
            *   I'm good / I'm doing well / Not bad
            *   Pretty good / Great (非正式)

*   **1.2 Introductions (介绍)**

*   *Introducing Yourself:*
            *   My name is... / I'm... / I am...
            *   Let me introduce myself. I'm...
        *   *Introducing Others:*
            *   This is... / May I introduce...?
            *   Nice to meet you. (很高兴认识你)
            *   Pleased to meet you. (很高兴认识你，更正式)
        *   *Responding to Introductions:*
            *   Nice to meet you, too.
            *   Pleased to meet you, too.
        *   *Asking Someone's Name:*
            *   What's your name?
            *   May I have your name?
        *   *Spelling Out Names (拼写名字):*
            *   Can you spell that, please?

*   **1.3 Asking About Well-being (询问近况)**

*   How are you?
        *   How are you doing?
        *   How's life? (非正式)

## 2. Numbers & Age (数字与年龄)

*   **2.1 Cardinal Numbers (基数词)**

*   1-10: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
        *   11-20: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
        *   Tens: thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
        *   Hundreds: one hundred, two hundred,...
        *   Thousands: one thousand, two thousand,...
   *   **2.2 Ordinal Numbers (序数词)**

*   First (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th), thirteenth (13th), ...
        *   Used for dates and positions.

*   **2.3 Asking and Answering Age (询问和回答年龄)**

*   How old are you?
        *   I am... years old.
        *   She is ... years old.
        *   He is ... years old.

## 3. Classroom Objects & Places (教室物品与地点)

*   **3.1 Classroom Objects (教室物品)**

*   Desk, chair, blackboard, whiteboard, book, notebook, pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, sharpener, map, computer, projector, clock, door, window
        *   Dictionary, globe, poster
   *   **3.2 Places in the School (学校里的地点)**

*   Classroom, library, canteen, playground, gym, office, teacher's office, principal's office, lab (laboratory), restroom/toilet
   *   **3.3 Prepositions of Place (地点介词)**

*   In (在...里面), on (在...上面), under (在...下面), near (在...附近), behind (在...后面), in front of (在...前面), next to (在...旁边), between (在...之间)
        *   Example: The book is on the desk.  The classroom is near the library.

## 4. Personal Pronouns & Possessive Adjectives (人称代词和形容词性物主代词)

*   **4.1 Personal Pronouns (人称代词)**

*   *Subject Pronouns (主语人称代词):* I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
        *   *Object Pronouns (宾语人称代词):* me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
        *   Example: *I* am a student.  She likes *him*.
   *   **4.2 Possessive Adjectives (形容词性物主代词)**

*   My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
        *   Used before nouns to show possession.
        *   Example: This is *my* book. *Her* name is Mary.

## 5. The Verb "To Be" (动词“是”)

*   **5.1 Present Simple (现在简单时)**

*   *Affirmative (肯定形式):* I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are
        *   *Negative (否定形式):* I am not, you are not (aren't), he/she/it is not (isn't), we are not (aren't), you are not (aren't), they are not (aren't)
        *   *Interrogative (疑问形式):* Am I...? Are you...? Is he/she/it...? Are we...? Are you...? Are they...?
        *   *Short Answers (简短回答):* Yes, I am. No, I am not.  Yes, you are. No, you aren't.
        *   Used to describe states of being, identify people or objects.
        *   Example: I *am* a student. He *is* tall.  They *are* happy.
   *   **5.2 Contractions (缩写形式)**

*   I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, they're
        *   Aren't, isn't

## 6. Demonstrative Pronouns (指示代词)

*   **6.1 Singular (单数)**

*   This (这个): used for something near to the speaker.
        *   That (那个): used for something far from the speaker.
   *   **6.2 Plural (复数)**

*   These (这些): used for things near to the speaker.
        *   Those (那些): used for things far from the speaker.
   *   **6.3 Usage (用法)**

*   *This* is a pen.
        *   *That* is a book.
        *   *These* are pens.
        *   *Those* are books.
        *   Used to point out specific things or people.

## 7. Countries and Nationalities (国家和国籍)

*   **7.1 Common Countries (常见国家)**

*   China, America (USA), England, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Germany, Russia, Korea, Brazil
   *   **7.2 Common Nationalities (常见国籍)**

*   Chinese, American, English, Canadian, Australian, Japanese, French, German, Russian, Korean, Brazilian
   *   **7.3 Asking About Nationality (询问国籍)**

*   Where are you from?
        *   What's your nationality?
   *   **7.4 Answering About Nationality (回答国籍)**

*   I'm from... (国家).
        *   I'm... (国籍).
        *   I am ... (国籍).
   *   **7.5 Example:**

*   A: Where are you from?
        *   B: I'm from China. I'm Chinese.

## 8. Imperatives (祈使句)

*   **8.1 Structure (结构)**

*   Base form of the verb (动词原形)
   *   **8.2 Positive Imperatives (肯定祈使句)**

*   Open the door.
        *   Close the window.
        *   Sit down.
        *   Stand up.
        *   Be quiet.
   *   **8.3 Negative Imperatives (否定祈使句)**

*   Don't + base form of the verb (Don't + 动词原形)
        *   Don't open the door.
        *   Don't be late.
        *   Don't talk.
   *   **8.4 Usage (用法)**

*   Giving commands (发出命令)
        *   Making requests (提出请求)
        *   Giving instructions (给出指示)
        *   Giving warnings (发出警告)

## 9. Basic Question Words (基本疑问词)

*   **9.1 What (什么)**

*   Asking about things.  What is your name?  What is this?
   *   **9.2 Who (谁)**

*   Asking about people.  Who is that?  Who are you?
   *   **9.3 Where (哪里)**

*   Asking about places.  Where are you from? Where is the library?
   *   **9.4 When (什么时候)**

*   Asking about time.  When is your birthday?
   *   **9.5 How (如何)**

*   Asking about manner, condition, or quantity.  How are you? How old are you? How many books are there?

## 10. Common Sentence Structures (常用句型)

*   **10.1 Simple Sentences (简单句)**

*   Subject + Verb + (Object/Complement)
        *   I am a student.  She is happy.  He reads a book.
   *   **10.2 "This is..." / "That is..." (这是/那是)**

*   This is a pen.  That is a book.
   *   **10.3 "There is..." / "There are..." (有)**

*   There is a book on the desk.  There are many students in the classroom.
   *   **10.4 Questions with "Is/Are" (用Is/Are提问的句子)**

*   Is this a pen?  Are you a student?
   *   **10.5 Questions with Question Words (用疑问词提问的句子)**

*   What is your name? Where are you from? How old are you?

《初一英语第一单元思维导图》

1. Greetings & Introductions (问候与介绍)

1.1 Common Greetings (常用问候语)

*   *Formal:*
    *   Hello / Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening
    *   How do you do? (How do you do?) - 回答也是 How do you do?
*   *Informal:*
    *   Hi / Hey
    *   What's up? / How's it going? (非正式，询问近况)
*   *Response to Greetings:*
    *   Fine, thank you. And you?
    *   I'm good / I'm doing well / Not bad
    *   Pretty good / Great (非正式)

1.2 Introductions (介绍)

*   *Introducing Yourself:*
    *   My name is... / I'm... / I am...
    *   Let me introduce myself. I'm...
*   *Introducing Others:*
    *   This is... / May I introduce...?
    *   Nice to meet you. (很高兴认识你)
    *   Pleased to meet you. (很高兴认识你，更正式)
*   *Responding to Introductions:*
    *   Nice to meet you, too.
    *   Pleased to meet you, too.
*   *Asking Someone's Name:*
    *   What's your name?
    *   May I have your name?
*   *Spelling Out Names (拼写名字):*
    *   Can you spell that, please?

1.3 Asking About Well-being (询问近况)

*   How are you?
*   How are you doing?
*   How's life? (非正式)

2. Numbers & Age (数字与年龄)

2.1 Cardinal Numbers (基数词)

*   1-10: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
*   11-20: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
*   Tens: thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
*   Hundreds: one hundred, two hundred,...
*   Thousands: one thousand, two thousand,...

2.2 Ordinal Numbers (序数词)

*   First (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th), thirteenth (13th), ...
*   Used for dates and positions.

2.3 Asking and Answering Age (询问和回答年龄)

*   How old are you?
*   I am... years old.
*   She is ... years old.
*   He is ... years old.

3. Classroom Objects & Places (教室物品与地点)

3.1 Classroom Objects (教室物品)

*   Desk, chair, blackboard, whiteboard, book, notebook, pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, sharpener, map, computer, projector, clock, door, window
*   Dictionary, globe, poster

3.2 Places in the School (学校里的地点)

*   Classroom, library, canteen, playground, gym, office, teacher's office, principal's office, lab (laboratory), restroom/toilet

3.3 Prepositions of Place (地点介词)

*   In (在...里面), on (在...上面), under (在...下面), near (在...附近), behind (在...后面), in front of (在...前面), next to (在...旁边), between (在...之间)
*   Example: The book is on the desk.  The classroom is near the library.

4. Personal Pronouns & Possessive Adjectives (人称代词和形容词性物主代词)

4.1 Personal Pronouns (人称代词)

*   *Subject Pronouns (主语人称代词):* I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
*   *Object Pronouns (宾语人称代词):* me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
*   Example: *I* am a student.  She likes *him*.

4.2 Possessive Adjectives (形容词性物主代词)

*   My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
*   Used before nouns to show possession.
*   Example: This is *my* book. *Her* name is Mary.

5. The Verb "To Be" (动词“是”)

5.1 Present Simple (现在简单时)

*   *Affirmative (肯定形式):* I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are
*   *Negative (否定形式):* I am not, you are not (aren't), he/she/it is not (isn't), we are not (aren't), you are not (aren't), they are not (aren't)
*   *Interrogative (疑问形式):* Am I...? Are you...? Is he/she/it...? Are we...? Are you...? Are they...?
*   *Short Answers (简短回答):* Yes, I am. No, I am not.  Yes, you are. No, you aren't.
*   Used to describe states of being, identify people or objects.
*   Example: I *am* a student. He *is* tall.  They *are* happy.

5.2 Contractions (缩写形式)

*   I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, they're
*   Aren't, isn't

6. Demonstrative Pronouns (指示代词)

6.1 Singular (单数)

*   This (这个): used for something near to the speaker.
*   That (那个): used for something far from the speaker.

6.2 Plural (复数)

*   These (这些): used for things near to the speaker.
*   Those (那些): used for things far from the speaker.

6.3 Usage (用法)

*   *This* is a pen.
*   *That* is a book.
*   *These* are pens.
*   *Those* are books.
*   Used to point out specific things or people.

7. Countries and Nationalities (国家和国籍)

7.1 Common Countries (常见国家)

*   China, America (USA), England, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Germany, Russia, Korea, Brazil

7.2 Common Nationalities (常见国籍)

*   Chinese, American, English, Canadian, Australian, Japanese, French, German, Russian, Korean, Brazilian

7.3 Asking About Nationality (询问国籍)

*   Where are you from?
*   What's your nationality?

7.4 Answering About Nationality (回答国籍)

*   I'm from... (国家).
*   I'm... (国籍).
*   I am ... (国籍).

7.5 Example:

*   A: Where are you from?
*   B: I'm from China. I'm Chinese.

8. Imperatives (祈使句)

8.1 Structure (结构)

*   Base form of the verb (动词原形)

8.2 Positive Imperatives (肯定祈使句)

*   Open the door.
*   Close the window.
*   Sit down.
*   Stand up.
*   Be quiet.

8.3 Negative Imperatives (否定祈使句)

*   Don't + base form of the verb (Don't + 动词原形)
*   Don't open the door.
*   Don't be late.
*   Don't talk.

8.4 Usage (用法)

*   Giving commands (发出命令)
*   Making requests (提出请求)
*   Giving instructions (给出指示)
*   Giving warnings (发出警告)

9. Basic Question Words (基本疑问词)

9.1 What (什么)

*   Asking about things.  What is your name?  What is this?

9.2 Who (谁)

*   Asking about people.  Who is that?  Who are you?

9.3 Where (哪里)

*   Asking about places.  Where are you from? Where is the library?

9.4 When (什么时候)

*   Asking about time.  When is your birthday?

9.5 How (如何)

*   Asking about manner, condition, or quantity.  How are you? How old are you? How many books are there?

10. Common Sentence Structures (常用句型)

10.1 Simple Sentences (简单句)

*   Subject + Verb + (Object/Complement)
*   I am a student.  She is happy.  He reads a book.

10.2 "This is..." / "That is..." (这是/那是)
```
*   This is a pen.  That is a book.
```

10.3 "There is..." / "There are..." (有)

*   There is a book on the desk.  There are many students in the classroom.

10.4 Questions with "Is/Are" (用Is/Are提问的句子)
```
*   Is this a pen?  Are you a student?
```
10.5 Questions with Question Words (用疑问词提问的句子)
```
*   What is your name? Where are you from? How old are you?
```

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