英语:八年级上册第3单元的思维导图

# 《英语：八年级上册第3单元的思维导图》

## 中心主题：Making a Date (约会)

### I. Vocabulary & Expressions (词汇与表达)

#### A. Time Expressions (时间表达)

*   **Specific Times (具体时间):**
    *   O'clock (点钟): e.g., It's 3 o'clock.
    *   Half past (半点): e.g., Half past four.
    *   Quarter past (一刻钟过): e.g., Quarter past five.
    *   Quarter to (差一刻钟): e.g., Quarter to six.
    *   A.M. (上午): e.g., 8:00 a.m.
    *   P.M. (下午/晚上): e.g., 7:00 p.m.
*   **Days of the Week (星期):**
    *   Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
*   **Months of the Year (月份):**
    *   January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
*   **Ordinal Numbers (序数词):**
    *   First, second, third, fourth, fifth...用于表达日期

#### B. Activities (活动)

*   **Verbs (动词):**
    *   Go to a movie (去看电影)
    *   Go to the park (去公园)
    *   Play basketball (打篮球)
    *   Have dinner (吃晚餐)
    *   Study for a test (复习考试)
    *   Visit a friend (拜访朋友)
    *   Go shopping (去购物)
    *   Listen to music (听音乐)
    *   Watch TV (看电视)
    *   Read a book (读书)
*   **Nouns (名词):**
    *   Movie, park, basketball game, dinner, test, friend, shopping, music, TV show, book

#### C. Feelings & Opinions (情感与观点)

*   **Adjectives (形容词):**
    *   Interesting, boring, exciting, fun, difficult, easy, important, great, wonderful, terrible
*   **Phrases (短语):**
    *   Sounds good (听起来不错)
    *   I'd love to (我很乐意)
    *   That's a great idea (那是个好主意)
    *   I'm sorry, I'm busy (对不起，我很忙)
    *   Maybe another time (下次吧)

#### D. Asking for and Giving Information (询问和提供信息)

*   **Questions (问题):**
    *   What are you doing...? (你在做什么…?)
    *   Are you free...? (你空闲吗…?)
    *   What about...? (怎么样…?)
    *   When is...? (什么时候是…?)
    *   Would you like to...? (你想要…?)
*   **Answers (回答):**
    *   I'm going to... (我打算…)
    *   Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
    *   That sounds good. / That sounds boring.
    *   Yes, I'd love to. / No, thank you. I'm busy.

### II. Grammar (语法)

#### A. Future Tense - "be going to" (将来时 - "be going to")

*   **Structure (结构):** be + going to + verb (原形)
*   **Usage (用法):**
    *   Plans and intentions (计划和意图): e.g., I am going to visit my grandma tomorrow.
    *   Predictions based on evidence (基于证据的预测): e.g., Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
*   **Forms (形式):**
    *   Affirmative (肯定): I am going to..., He/She/It is going to..., We/You/They are going to...
    *   Negative (否定): I am not going to..., He/She/It is not going to..., We/You/They are not going to...
    *   Interrogative (疑问): Am I going to...? Is he/she/it going to...? Are we/you/they going to...?
*   **Short forms (缩写):**
    *   I'm going to...
    *   He's/She's/It's going to...
    *   We're/You're/They're going to...
    *   Isn't, Aren't

#### B. Present Continuous for Future Arrangements (现在进行时表示将来的安排)

*   **Structure (结构):** be + verb-ing
*   **Usage (用法):**
    *   Definite plans in the near future, often with a specific time or place (近期明确的计划，通常有具体的时间或地点): e.g., I am meeting my friend at 5 p.m. tomorrow.
*   **Difference from "be going to" (与"be going to"的区别):** Present Continuous emphasizes a more definite and arranged plan than "be going to".

### III. Functions (功能)

#### A. Making Suggestions (提出建议)

*   What about...? (怎么样…?)
*   Why don't we...? (我们为什么不…?)
*   Let's... (让我们…)
*   How about...? (怎么样…?)

#### B. Accepting and Refusing Invitations (接受和拒绝邀请)

*   **Accepting (接受):**
    *   Sounds good.
    *   I'd love to.
    *   That's a great idea.
    *   Yes, please.
*   **Refusing (拒绝):**
    *   I'm sorry, I'm busy.
    *   Maybe another time.
    *   No, thank you. I have to...
    *   I can't. I'm going to...

#### C. Asking for and Giving Reasons (询问和给出理由)

*   **Asking (询问):**
    *   Why...? (为什么…?)
    *   Why not...? (为什么不…?)
*   **Giving (给出):**
    *   Because... (因为…)
    *   I have to... (我不得不…)
    *   I'm going to... (我打算…)

### IV. Culture Notes (文化笔记)

*   **Social Etiquette (社交礼仪):** How to make and respond to invitations politely in English-speaking countries. The importance of being punctual (准时) and giving advance notice if you need to cancel (取消) a date.
*   **Dating Customs (约会习俗):** General information about dating customs in different cultures. Understanding the differences between casual and formal dates.
*   **Telephone Conversations (电话对话):** Common phrases used when making a date over the phone. Practicing pronunciation and intonation.

### V. Skills (技能)

#### A. Listening Comprehension (听力理解)

*   Identifying key information in conversations about making dates.
*   Understanding different accents and speaking speeds.

#### B. Speaking (口语)

*   Role-playing scenarios of making and accepting/refusing dates.
*   Using correct grammar and vocabulary.
*   Practicing pronunciation and intonation.

#### C. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)

*   Understanding texts about dating customs and social etiquette.
*   Extracting key information from articles and dialogues.

#### D. Writing (写作)

*   Writing emails or text messages to make or respond to invitations.
*   Writing short dialogues about making plans.

# 《英语：八年级上册第3单元的思维导图》 ## 中心主题：Making a Date (约会) ### I. Vocabulary & Expressions (词汇与表达) #### A. Time Expressions (时间表达) * **Specific Times (具体时间):** * O'clock (点钟): e.g., It's 3 o'clock. * Half past (半点): e.g., Half past four. * Quarter past (一刻钟过): e.g., Quarter past five. * Quarter to (差一刻钟): e.g., Quarter to six. * A.M. (上午): e.g., 8:00 a.m. * P.M. (下午/晚上): e.g., 7:00 p.m. * **Days of the Week (星期):** * Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday * **Months of the Year (月份):** * January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December * **Ordinal Numbers (序数词):** * First, second, third, fourth, fifth...用于表达日期 #### B. Activities (活动) * **Verbs (动词):** * Go to a movie (去看电影) * Go to the park (去公园) * Play basketball (打篮球) * Have dinner (吃晚餐) * Study for a test (复习考试) * Visit a friend (拜访朋友) * Go shopping (去购物) * Listen to music (听音乐) * Watch TV (看电视) * Read a book (读书) * **Nouns (名词):** * Movie, park, basketball game, dinner, test, friend, shopping, music, TV show, book #### C. Feelings & Opinions (情感与观点) * **Adjectives (形容词):** * Interesting, boring, exciting, fun, difficult, easy, important, great, wonderful, terrible * **Phrases (短语):** * Sounds good (听起来不错) * I'd love to (我很乐意) * That's a great idea (那是个好主意) * I'm sorry, I'm busy (对不起，我很忙) * Maybe another time (下次吧) #### D. Asking for and Giving Information (询问和提供信息) * **Questions (问题):** * What are you doing...? (你在做什么…?) * Are you free...? (你空闲吗…?) * What about...? (怎么样…?) * When is...? (什么时候是…?) * Would you like to...? (你想要…?) * **Answers (回答):** * I'm going to... (我打算…) * Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. * That sounds good. / That sounds boring. * Yes, I'd love to. / No, thank you. I'm busy. ### II. Grammar (语法) #### A. Future Tense - "be going to" (将来时 - "be going to") * **Structure (结构):** be + going to + verb (原形) * **Usage (用法):** * Plans and intentions (计划和意图): e.g., I am going to visit my grandma tomorrow. * Predictions based on evidence (基于证据的预测): e.g., Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. * **Forms (形式):** * Affirmative (肯定): I am going to..., He/She/It is going to..., We/You/They are going to... * Negative (否定): I am not going to..., He/She/It is not going to..., We/You/They are not going to... * Interrogative (疑问): Am I going to...? Is he/she/it going to...? Are we/you/they going to...? * **Short forms (缩写):** * I'm going to... * He's/She's/It's going to... * We're/You're/They're going to... * Isn't, Aren't #### B. Present Continuous for Future Arrangements (现在进行时表示将来的安排) * **Structure (结构):** be + verb-ing * **Usage (用法):** * Definite plans in the near future, often with a specific time or place (近期明确的计划，通常有具体的时间或地点): e.g., I am meeting my friend at 5 p.m. tomorrow. * **Difference from "be going to" (与"be going to"的区别):** Present Continuous emphasizes a more definite and arranged plan than "be going to". ### III. Functions (功能) #### A. Making Suggestions (提出建议) * What about...? (怎么样…?) * Why don't we...? (我们为什么不…?) * Let's... (让我们…) * How about...? (怎么样…?) #### B. Accepting and Refusing Invitations (接受和拒绝邀请) * **Accepting (接受):** * Sounds good. * I'd love to. * That's a great idea. * Yes, please. * **Refusing (拒绝):** * I'm sorry, I'm busy. * Maybe another time. * No, thank you. I have to... * I can't. I'm going to... #### C. Asking for and Giving Reasons (询问和给出理由) * **Asking (询问):** * Why...? (为什么…?) * Why not...? (为什么不…?) * **Giving (给出):** * Because... (因为…) * I have to... (我不得不…) * I'm going to... (我打算…) ### IV. Culture Notes (文化笔记) * **Social Etiquette (社交礼仪):** How to make and respond to invitations politely in English-speaking countries. The importance of being punctual (准时) and giving advance notice if you need to cancel (取消) a date. * **Dating Customs (约会习俗):** General information about dating customs in different cultures. Understanding the differences between casual and formal dates. * **Telephone Conversations (电话对话):** Common phrases used when making a date over the phone. Practicing pronunciation and intonation. ### V. Skills (技能) #### A. Listening Comprehension (听力理解) * Identifying key information in conversations about making dates. * Understanding different accents and speaking speeds. #### B. Speaking (口语) * Role-playing scenarios of making and accepting/refusing dates. * Using correct grammar and vocabulary. * Practicing pronunciation and intonation. #### C. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解) * Understanding texts about dating customs and social etiquette. * Extracting key information from articles and dialogues. #### D. Writing (写作) * Writing emails or text messages to make or respond to invitations. * Writing short dialogues about making plans.

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