《七年级英语思维导图u1》

中心主题：Welcome Back to School

• I. Greetings and Introductions (问候与介绍)

  • A. Common Greetings (常见问候语)

    • Formal:
      • Hello, how do you do? (正式问候语，初次见面)
      • Good morning/afternoon/evening (早上好/下午好/晚上好)
    • Informal:
      • Hi!
      • Hey!
      • What's up? (怎么样？)
      • How's it going? (最近如何？)
    • Responding to Greetings:
      • Formal: Fine, thank you. And you?
      • Informal: Good. / Not bad. / Pretty good.

  • B. Introducing Yourself (自我介绍)

    • Name:
      • My name is…
      • I'm…
    • Age:
      • I am… years old.
    • Grade:
      • I'm in Grade Seven.
    • School:
      • I go to… school.
      • I'm a student at… school.
    • Interests:
      • I like…
      • I enjoy…
      • My hobby is…

  • C. Introducing Others (介绍他人)

    • This is… (这是…)
    • Let me introduce you to… (让我向你介绍…)
    • He/She is my… (他/她是我的…)

  • D. Spelling (拼写)

    • How do you spell…? (你如何拼写…?)
    • Can you spell that for me? (你能为我拼写一下吗？)

• II. Classroom Objects and School Supplies (教室物品和学习用品)

  • A. Nouns (名词)

    • Common Classroom Objects:
      • Desk (桌子)
      • Chair (椅子)
      • Board (黑板)
      • Door (门)
      • Window (窗户)
      • Map (地图)
      • Clock (钟)
      • Computer (电脑)
      • Projector (投影仪)
      • Bookcase (书架)
    • School Supplies:
      • Book (书)
      • Notebook (笔记本)
      • Pencil (铅笔)
      • Pen (钢笔)
      • Eraser (橡皮)
      • Ruler (尺子)
      • Sharpener (卷笔刀)
      • Pencil case (铅笔盒)
      • Bag (书包)

  • B. Articles (冠词) – a, an, the

    • Indefinite Articles (不定冠词):
      • 'a' before consonant sounds (辅音)
      • 'an' before vowel sounds (元音)
      • Examples: a book, an apple
    • Definite Article (定冠词):
      • 'the' used for specific or known objects/people
      • Examples: the teacher, the board

  • C. Plural Nouns (复数名词)

    • Regular Plurals: add '-s' to most nouns (大部分名词加-s)
      • book -> books
      • pencil -> pencils
    • Nouns ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x: add '-es' (以-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词加-es)
      • bus -> buses
      • dish -> dishes
    • Nouns ending in -y preceded by a consonant: change '-y' to '-ies' (以辅音加-y结尾的名词变-y为-ies)
      • baby -> babies
      • story -> stories
    • Irregular Plurals: some nouns have irregular plural forms (不规则复数)
      • child -> children
      • man -> men
      • woman -> women
      • tooth -> teeth
      • foot -> feet

• III. Colors (颜色)

  • A. Basic Colors (基本颜色)

    • Red (红色)
    • Blue (蓝色)
    • Yellow (黄色)
    • Green (绿色)
    • Black (黑色)
    • White (白色)
    • Orange (橙色)
    • Purple (紫色)
    • Pink (粉色)
    • Brown (棕色)
    • Grey (灰色)

  • B. Asking about Colors (询问颜色)

    • What color is it? (它是什么颜色？)
    • What color are they? (它们是什么颜色？)

  • C. Describing Colors (描述颜色)

    • It is… (它是…)
    • They are… (它们是…)
    • The… is… (…是…)

• IV. Numbers (数字)

  • A. Cardinal Numbers (基数词) – 1 to 20

    • One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.

  • B. Asking about Numbers (询问数字)

    • How many…? (有多少…？)
    • What number is this? (这是哪个数字？)

  • C. Using Numbers (使用数字)

    • There are… (有…)
    • I have… (我有…)

• V. Possessive Adjectives (物主代词)

  • My (我的)
  • Your (你的/你们的)
  • His (他的)
  • Her (她的)
  • Its (它的)
  • Our (我们的)
  • Their (他们的/她们的/它们的)
  • Examples:
    • My book.
    • Her pencil.
    • Their classroom.

• VI. Verb 'To Be' (系动词‘是’)

  • A. Present Simple (现在时)
    • Affirmative (肯定句):
      • I am…
      • You are…
      • He/She/It is…
      • We are…
      • They are…
    • Negative (否定句):
      • I am not…
      • You are not… (You aren't…)
      • He/She/It is not… (He/She/It isn't…)
      • We are not… (We aren't…)
      • They are not… (They aren't…)
    • Interrogative (疑问句):
      • Am I…?
      • Are you…?
      • Is he/she/it…?
      • Are we…?
      • Are they…?
  • B. Uses of 'To Be' (用途)
    • Identifying people/things (确认人/物)
    • Describing characteristics (描述特征)
    • Stating age (陈述年龄)
    • Expressing feelings (表达感情)
    • Indicating location (指示地点)

• VII. Sentence Structure (句子结构)

  • A. Subject-Verb-Object (主语-谓语-宾语) (SVO)

    • Examples:
      • I read a book. (我读一本书。)
      • She has a pen. (她有一支笔。)

  • B. Questions with 'What' and 'Who' (用'What'和'Who'提问)

    • What is this? (这是什么？)
    • What is your name? (你叫什么名字？)
    • Who is he? (他是谁？)
    • Who is she? (她是谁？)

  • C. Imperative Sentences (祈使句)

    • Giving Instructions (给出指示):
      • Open your book. (打开你的书。)
      • Close the door. (关上门。)
      • Listen carefully. (仔细听。)

• VIII. Function (功能)

  • A. Making Requests (提出请求)

    • Can I borrow your…? (我可以借你的…吗？)
    • May I have a…? (我可以要一个…吗？)
    • Please give me… (请给我…)

  • B. Giving Instructions (给出指示)

    • Please… (请…)
    • You should… (你应该…)

  • C. Expressing Gratitude (表达感谢)

    • Thank you.
    • Thanks.
    • You're welcome.

• IX. Grammar Focus (语法重点)

  • A. Subject Pronouns (主语人称代词): I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
  • B. Pluralization Rules (复数规则)
  • C. Correct Usage of 'a', 'an', and 'the' (正确使用'a','an','the')
  • D. Verb 'To Be' Conjugation (动词'是'的变位)