英语理解制作一张关于春节的思维导图

# 《英语理解制作一张关于春节的思维导图》

## Central Idea: Chinese New Year (Spring Festival)

### I.  Name & Origin

*   **A. Different Names:**
    *   Spring Festival (most common in English)
    *   Lunar New Year (reflects lunar calendar usage)
    *   Chinese New Year (emphasizes cultural origin)
*   **B. Origin & History:**
    *   Ancient agricultural society: celebrating the end of winter and beginning of spring.
    *   Legend of Nian: a mythical beast that was scared away by loud noises, red color, and fire.
    *   Evolved over thousands of years: incorporating various customs and traditions.
*   **C. Significance:**
    *   Most important traditional festival in China.
    *   Time for family reunion and celebration.
    *   Symbolizes new beginnings and hope for a prosperous year.

### II.  Date & Duration

*   **A. Lunar Calendar:**
    *   Based on the lunisolar calendar.
    *   Falls between January 21st and February 20th.
*   **B. Duration:**
    *   Officially 7-day public holiday in mainland China.
    *   Traditionally celebrated for 15 days, culminating in the Lantern Festival.
*   **C. 12-Year Cycle:**
    *   Each year associated with an animal from the Chinese zodiac (Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig).
    *   Each animal has its own symbolic meaning and is believed to influence people born in that year.

### III. Preparations (Preparation Activities)

*   **A. Spring Cleaning (大扫除):**
    *   Thorough cleaning of the house to sweep away bad luck and make way for good fortune.
    *   A symbolic act of removing the old and welcoming the new.
*   **B. Decoration (装饰):**
    *   Red lanterns (红灯笼): symbolize prosperity and good luck.
    *   Paper cuttings (剪纸): often depict auspicious symbols and animals.
    *   Spring couplets (春联): placed on door frames, expressing good wishes and blessings.
    *   Upside-down "Fu" character (倒福): symbolizes good fortune arriving.
*   **C. Shopping (购物):**
    *   Buying new clothes: symbolizes a fresh start.
    *   Purchasing gifts for family and friends: strengthens relationships.
    *   Stocking up on food and ingredients for festive meals.
*   **D. Travel (旅行):**
    *   "Chunyun" (春运): the largest annual human migration as people travel home to be with their families.
    *   Significant strain on transportation systems.
*   **E. Red Envelopes (红包):**
    *   Preparing red envelopes filled with money to give to children and unmarried adults.
    *   Symbolizes good luck and blessings for the coming year.

### IV.  Traditions & Customs (Celebration Activities)

*   **A. Reunion Dinner (年夜饭):**
    *   Most important meal of the year.
    *   Family members travel from far and wide to gather together.
    *   Dishes often have symbolic meanings, e.g., fish (余 – yú) for abundance, dumplings (饺子 – jiǎozi) for wealth, spring rolls (春卷 – chūnjuǎn) for wealth.
*   **B. Giving Red Envelopes (发红包):**
    *   Giving red envelopes (红包) to children and unmarried adults.
    *   Increasingly digital red envelopes are sent through mobile payment apps.
*   **C. Fireworks & Firecrackers (烟花爆竹):**
    *   Loud noises to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck.
    *   Strict regulations in many cities due to safety concerns.
*   **D. Lion Dance & Dragon Dance (舞狮舞龙):**
    *   Traditional performances performed during street parades and celebrations.
    *   Symbolize good luck, power, and prosperity.
*   **E. Visiting Relatives & Friends (拜年):**
    *   Visiting relatives and friends to exchange greetings and blessings.
    *   Offering gifts and sharing meals.
*   **F. Watching Spring Festival Gala (春晚):**
    *   A highly popular televised variety show broadcast on CCTV on New Year's Eve.
    *   Features music, dance, comedy, and drama performances.
*   **G. Temple Fairs (庙会):**
    *   Traditional fairs held in temples, featuring food stalls, games, and performances.
*   **H. Lantern Festival (元宵节):**
    *   Marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations.
    *   People carry lanterns, solve riddles written on lanterns, and eat tangyuan (汤圆) - sweet glutinous rice balls.

### V. Food

*   **A. Dumplings (饺子 - Jiǎozi):**
    *   Symbolize wealth because their shape resembles ancient Chinese money.
    *   Traditionally eaten in northern China, especially on New Year's Eve.
*   **B. Spring Rolls (春卷 - Chūnjuǎn):**
    *   Symbolize wealth because their shape resembles gold bars.
    *   A popular dish in southern China.
*   **C. Fish (鱼 - Yú):**
    *   Symbolizes abundance and surplus because the Chinese word for fish (鱼 – yú) sounds like the word for "surplus" (余 – yú).
    *   Often served whole, symbolizing completeness and unity.
*   **D. Nian Gao (年糕):**
    *   A glutinous rice cake that symbolizes progress and growth in the coming year.
    *   The name sounds like "higher year" (年高 – nián gāo).
*   **E. Tangerines and Oranges (橘子&橙子 – Júzi & Chéngzi):**
    *   Symbolize good fortune and wealth.
    *   The round shape represents completeness and unity.
*   **F. Tangyuan (汤圆):**
    *   Sweet glutinous rice balls eaten during the Lantern Festival.
    *   Symbolize family unity and togetherness.

### VI. Superstitions & Taboos

*   **A. Cleaning:**  Avoid sweeping or taking out the trash on the first day of the New Year, as it is believed to sweep away good luck.
*   **B. Borrowing/Lending Money:** Avoid borrowing or lending money during the New Year period, as it is believed to bring bad luck financially.
*   **C. Sharp Objects:**  Avoid using sharp objects like knives or scissors, as they are believed to cut off good fortune.
*   **D. Negative Words:** Avoid using negative words or phrases like "death," "illness," or "failure."
*   **E. Crying:**  Children should not cry during the New Year period, as it is believed to bring bad luck for the entire year.
*   **F. Breaking Objects:** Avoid breaking objects, as it is believed to bring bad luck. If something is broken, it should be wrapped in red paper until the fifth day of the New Year.

### VII. Modern Adaptations & Global Impact

*   **A. Online Celebrations:**  Increased use of online platforms for connecting with family and friends who are far away. Virtual red envelopes and online games.
*   **B. Tourism:**  The Spring Festival holiday is a peak season for tourism, both domestically and internationally.
*   **C. Cultural Exchange:**  The Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese communities around the world.  Increasingly recognized and celebrated by non-Chinese communities.
*   **D. Economic Impact:** Significant impact on retail, transportation, and tourism industries.
*   **E. Blend of Tradition & Modernity:**  Balancing traditional customs with modern lifestyles.

# 《英语理解制作一张关于春节的思维导图》 ## Central Idea: Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) ### I. Name & Origin * **A. Different Names:** * Spring Festival (most common in English) * Lunar New Year (reflects lunar calendar usage) * Chinese New Year (emphasizes cultural origin) * **B. Origin & History:** * Ancient agricultural society: celebrating the end of winter and beginning of spring. * Legend of Nian: a mythical beast that was scared away by loud noises, red color, and fire. * Evolved over thousands of years: incorporating various customs and traditions. * **C. Significance:** * Most important traditional festival in China. * Time for family reunion and celebration. * Symbolizes new beginnings and hope for a prosperous year. ### II. Date & Duration * **A. Lunar Calendar:** * Based on the lunisolar calendar. * Falls between January 21st and February 20th. * **B. Duration:** * Officially 7-day public holiday in mainland China. * Traditionally celebrated for 15 days, culminating in the Lantern Festival. * **C. 12-Year Cycle:** * Each year associated with an animal from the Chinese zodiac (Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig). * Each animal has its own symbolic meaning and is believed to influence people born in that year. ### III. Preparations (Preparation Activities) * **A. Spring Cleaning (大扫除):** * Thorough cleaning of the house to sweep away bad luck and make way for good fortune. * A symbolic act of removing the old and welcoming the new. * **B. Decoration (装饰):** * Red lanterns (红灯笼): symbolize prosperity and good luck. * Paper cuttings (剪纸): often depict auspicious symbols and animals. * Spring couplets (春联): placed on door frames, expressing good wishes and blessings. * Upside-down "Fu" character (倒福): symbolizes good fortune arriving. * **C. Shopping (购物):** * Buying new clothes: symbolizes a fresh start. * Purchasing gifts for family and friends: strengthens relationships. * Stocking up on food and ingredients for festive meals. * **D. Travel (旅行):** * "Chunyun" (春运): the largest annual human migration as people travel home to be with their families. * Significant strain on transportation systems. * **E. Red Envelopes (红包):** * Preparing red envelopes filled with money to give to children and unmarried adults. * Symbolizes good luck and blessings for the coming year. ### IV. Traditions & Customs (Celebration Activities) * **A. Reunion Dinner (年夜饭):** * Most important meal of the year. * Family members travel from far and wide to gather together. * Dishes often have symbolic meanings, e.g., fish (余 – yú) for abundance, dumplings (饺子 – jiǎozi) for wealth, spring rolls (春卷 – chūnjuǎn) for wealth. * **B. Giving Red Envelopes (发红包):** * Giving red envelopes (红包) to children and unmarried adults. * Increasingly digital red envelopes are sent through mobile payment apps. * **C. Fireworks & Firecrackers (烟花爆竹):** * Loud noises to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck. * Strict regulations in many cities due to safety concerns. * **D. Lion Dance & Dragon Dance (舞狮舞龙):** * Traditional performances performed during street parades and celebrations. * Symbolize good luck, power, and prosperity. * **E. Visiting Relatives & Friends (拜年):** * Visiting relatives and friends to exchange greetings and blessings. * Offering gifts and sharing meals. * **F. Watching Spring Festival Gala (春晚):** * A highly popular televised variety show broadcast on CCTV on New Year's Eve. * Features music, dance, comedy, and drama performances. * **G. Temple Fairs (庙会):** * Traditional fairs held in temples, featuring food stalls, games, and performances. * **H. Lantern Festival (元宵节):** * Marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. * People carry lanterns, solve riddles written on lanterns, and eat tangyuan (汤圆) - sweet glutinous rice balls. ### V. Food * **A. Dumplings (饺子 - Jiǎozi):** * Symbolize wealth because their shape resembles ancient Chinese money. * Traditionally eaten in northern China, especially on New Year's Eve. * **B. Spring Rolls (春卷 - Chūnjuǎn):** * Symbolize wealth because their shape resembles gold bars. * A popular dish in southern China. * **C. Fish (鱼 - Yú):** * Symbolizes abundance and surplus because the Chinese word for fish (鱼 – yú) sounds like the word for "surplus" (余 – yú). * Often served whole, symbolizing completeness and unity. * **D. Nian Gao (年糕):** * A glutinous rice cake that symbolizes progress and growth in the coming year. * The name sounds like "higher year" (年高 – nián gāo). * **E. Tangerines and Oranges (橘子&橙子 – Júzi & Chéngzi):** * Symbolize good fortune and wealth. * The round shape represents completeness and unity. * **F. Tangyuan (汤圆):** * Sweet glutinous rice balls eaten during the Lantern Festival. * Symbolize family unity and togetherness. ### VI. Superstitions & Taboos * **A. Cleaning:** Avoid sweeping or taking out the trash on the first day of the New Year, as it is believed to sweep away good luck. * **B. Borrowing/Lending Money:** Avoid borrowing or lending money during the New Year period, as it is believed to bring bad luck financially. * **C. Sharp Objects:** Avoid using sharp objects like knives or scissors, as they are believed to cut off good fortune. * **D. Negative Words:** Avoid using negative words or phrases like "death," "illness," or "failure." * **E. Crying:** Children should not cry during the New Year period, as it is believed to bring bad luck for the entire year. * **F. Breaking Objects:** Avoid breaking objects, as it is believed to bring bad luck. If something is broken, it should be wrapped in red paper until the fifth day of the New Year. ### VII. Modern Adaptations & Global Impact * **A. Online Celebrations:** Increased use of online platforms for connecting with family and friends who are far away. Virtual red envelopes and online games. * **B. Tourism:** The Spring Festival holiday is a peak season for tourism, both domestically and internationally. * **C. Cultural Exchange:** The Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese communities around the world. Increasingly recognized and celebrated by non-Chinese communities. * **D. Economic Impact:** Significant impact on retail, transportation, and tourism industries. * **E. Blend of Tradition & Modernity:** Balancing traditional customs with modern lifestyles.

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