英语现在进行时思维导图

# 《英语现在进行时思维导图》

## 中心：英语现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

### I. 构成 (Structure)

*   **A. 基本形式:**  `am / is / are + Verb-ing (现在分词)`
    *   1.  `am` + `V-ing` (用于 I)
        *   例：I am studying.
    *   2.  `is` + `V-ing` (用于 he, she, it, 单数名词)
        *   例：He is playing.
    *   3.  `are` + `V-ing` (用于 you, we, they, 复数名词)
        *   例：They are eating.
*   **B. 动词变 -ing 规则:**
    *   1.  一般情况: 直接加 -ing
        *   例：work -> working, play -> playing, eat -> eating
    *   2.  以不发音的 e 结尾: 去掉 e 加 -ing
        *   例：write -> writing, make -> making, come -> coming
        *   例外：be -> being, see -> seeing, agree -> agreeing
    *   3.  以 ie 结尾: 变 ie 为 y 加 -ing
        *   例：lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying
    *   4.  重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该辅音字母再加 -ing
        *   条件:
            *   a. 闭音节: 辅音字母结尾的音节 (如: sit)
            *   b. 重读:  强调读音 (如: begin)
            *   c. 只有一个辅音字母结尾 (如: run)
        *   例：run -> running, sit -> sitting, swim -> swimming, begin -> beginning
        *   非例：eat (不是闭音节),  rain (不是闭音节),  open (重音不在最后一个音节)
*   **C. 否定形式:** `am / is / are + not + Verb-ing`
    *   1.  `I am not` + `V-ing`
        *   例：I am not studying.
    *   2.  `is not` ( `isn't` ) + `V-ing`
        *   例：He isn't playing.
    *   3.  `are not` ( `aren't` ) + `V-ing`
        *   例：They aren't eating.
*   **D. 疑问形式:** `Am / Is / Are + 主语 + Verb-ing?`
    *   1.  `Am I` + `V-ing`?
        *   例：Am I studying?
    *   2.  `Is he/she/it` + `V-ing`?
        *   例：Is he playing?
    *   3.  `Are you/we/they` + `V-ing`?
        *   例：Are they eating?
    *   4.  简短回答:
        *   Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
        *   Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
        *   Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren't.

### II. 用法 (Usage)

*   **A. 表示现在正在发生的动作 (Actions happening now):** 指说话时正在进行的动作。
    *   关键词：now, at the moment, at present, these days
    *   例：I am reading a book now.  She is cooking dinner at the moment.
*   **B. 表示当前一段时间内经常发生的动作 (Actions happening around now/temporary actions):** 指并非说话时刻正在发生，而是这段时间经常发生的动作。
    *   隐含的temporary概念
    *   例：I am studying hard for my exams these days. They are building a new house near my home. (指的是这段时间，而不是现在)
*   **C. 表示计划好的将要发生的动作 (Planned future actions/arrangements):** 特别是和时间或地点状语连用。
    *   强调计划性和安排性。
    *   例：I am meeting my friend tomorrow.  They are going to the cinema tonight. We are flying to London next week.
*   **D. 表示情感强烈的反复动作 (Expressing annoyance or complaint about repeated actions):** 通常与 always, constantly, forever 连用。带有负面情绪。
    *   例：He is always complaining.  She is constantly interrupting me. They are forever arguing.
*   **E. 与“感觉，情感，状态”相关的动词通常不使用现在进行时 (State Verbs and Non-Continuous Verbs):**
    *   **1.  状态动词 (State Verbs):** 表示状态，感觉，拥有，存在等。
        *   例：be, have, know, understand, believe, remember, forget, think (表示观点), see (表示理解), hear (表示听见), smell (表示气味), taste (表示味道), feel (表示感觉), seem, appear, look (表示看起来), want, need, like, love, hate, prefer, own, possess, belong, cost, weigh, contain.
        *   通常不能用于进行时，但部分动词在特定语境下可以。
            *   `think`: I think that is a good idea. (状态) vs. I am thinking about my vacation. (动作)
            *   `see`: I see a bird. (状态) vs. I am seeing a doctor. (动作)
            *   `have`: I have a car. (状态) vs. I am having dinner. (动作)
    *   **2.  感官动词 (Verbs of Perception):**  see, hear, smell, taste, feel  (在表示主动使用感官时，通常不使用进行时。但表示被动或某种行为时，可以使用)
        *   例：I see a bird. (状态) vs. I am seeing my friend. (约定见面 - 动作)
        *   例：The soup tastes delicious. (状态) vs. I am tasting the soup. (品尝 - 动作)

### III. 信号词 (Signal Words)

*   **A. 明确表示“现在”的信号词:**
    *   now, right now, at the moment, at present, just now
*   **B. 隐含表示“一段时间”的信号词:**
    *   these days, recently, lately, currently
*   **C. 表示“将来”的信号词（用于计划好的动作）：**
    *   tomorrow, tonight, next week, next month, next year, in the future

### IV. 易错点 (Common Mistakes)

*   **A. 混淆一般现在时:**  注意区分现在进行时表示“现在正在发生”和一般现在时表示“经常性动作或状态”。
*   **B. 滥用与状态动词:**  避免将状态动词用于进行时，除非在特定语境下有特殊含义。
*   **C. 忘记变 -ing 规则:**  注意特殊动词的 -ing 形式，特别是双写辅音字母的情况。
*   **D. 忽略否定和疑问句的结构:** 确保使用正确的 am/is/are + not 和 Am/Is/Are + 主语 结构。

### V. 练习 (Exercises - Examples)

*   1.  I (study) ______ English now. (am studying)
*   2.  She (not/watch) ______ TV at the moment. (is not watching / isn't watching)
*   3.  (they/play) ______ football this afternoon? (Are they playing)
*   4.  He (always/interrupt) ______ me! It's so annoying. (is always interrupting)
*   5.  I (see) ______ a bird outside the window. (see) –状态动词不用进行时
*   6.  We (have) _______ dinner at 7 tonight. (are having) - 计划好的动作

《英语现在进行时思维导图》

中心：英语现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

I. 构成 (Structure)

A. 基本形式: am / is / are + Verb-ing (现在分词)
- 1. am + V-ing (用于 I)
    - 例：I am studying.
- 1. is + V-ing (用于 he, she, it, 单数名词)
    - 例：He is playing.
- 1. are + V-ing (用于 you, we, they, 复数名词)
    - 例：They are eating.
B. 动词变 -ing 规则:
- 1. 一般情况: 直接加 -ing
    - 例：work -> working, play -> playing, eat -> eating
- 1. 以不发音的 e 结尾: 去掉 e 加 -ing
    - 例：write -> writing, make -> making, come -> coming
    - 例外：be -> being, see -> seeing, agree -> agreeing
- 1. 以 ie 结尾: 变 ie 为 y 加 -ing
    - 例：lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying
- 1. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该辅音字母再加 -ing
    - 条件:
    - a. 闭音节: 辅音字母结尾的音节 (如: sit)
    - b. 重读: 强调读音 (如: begin)
    - c. 只有一个辅音字母结尾 (如: run)
    - 例：run -> running, sit -> sitting, swim -> swimming, begin -> beginning
    - 非例：eat (不是闭音节), rain (不是闭音节), open (重音不在最后一个音节)
C. 否定形式: am / is / are + not + Verb-ing
- 1. I am not + V-ing
    - 例：I am not studying.
- 1. is not ( isn't ) + V-ing
    - 例：He isn't playing.
- 1. are not ( aren't ) + V-ing
    - 例：They aren't eating.
D. 疑问形式: Am / Is / Are + 主语 + Verb-ing?
- 1. Am I + V-ing?
    - 例：Am I studying?
- 1. Is he/she/it + V-ing?
    - 例：Is he playing?
- 1. Are you/we/they + V-ing?
    - 例：Are they eating?
- 1. 简短回答:
    - Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
    - Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
    - Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren't.

II. 用法 (Usage)

A. 表示现在正在发生的动作 (Actions happening now): 指说话时正在进行的动作。
- 关键词：now, at the moment, at present, these days
- 例：I am reading a book now. She is cooking dinner at the moment.
B. 表示当前一段时间内经常发生的动作 (Actions happening around now/temporary actions): 指并非说话时刻正在发生，而是这段时间经常发生的动作。
- 隐含的temporary概念
- 例：I am studying hard for my exams these days. They are building a new house near my home. (指的是这段时间，而不是现在)
C. 表示计划好的将要发生的动作 (Planned future actions/arrangements): 特别是和时间或地点状语连用。
- 强调计划性和安排性。
- 例：I am meeting my friend tomorrow. They are going to the cinema tonight. We are flying to London next week.
D. 表示情感强烈的反复动作 (Expressing annoyance or complaint about repeated actions): 通常与 always, constantly, forever 连用。带有负面情绪。
- 例：He is always complaining. She is constantly interrupting me. They are forever arguing.
E. 与“感觉，情感，状态”相关的动词通常不使用现在进行时 (State Verbs and Non-Continuous Verbs):
- 1. 状态动词 (State Verbs): 表示状态，感觉，拥有，存在等。
  - 例：be, have, know, understand, believe, remember, forget, think (表示观点), see (表示理解), hear (表示听见), smell (表示气味), taste (表示味道), feel (表示感觉), seem, appear, look (表示看起来), want, need, like, love, hate, prefer, own, possess, belong, cost, weigh, contain.
  - 通常不能用于进行时，但部分动词在特定语境下可以。
    - think: I think that is a good idea. (状态) vs. I am thinking about my vacation. (动作)
    - see: I see a bird. (状态) vs. I am seeing a doctor. (动作)
    - have: I have a car. (状态) vs. I am having dinner. (动作)
- 2. 感官动词 (Verbs of Perception): see, hear, smell, taste, feel (在表示主动使用感官时，通常不使用进行时。但表示被动或某种行为时，可以使用)
  - 例：I see a bird. (状态) vs. I am seeing my friend. (约定见面 - 动作)
  - 例：The soup tastes delicious. (状态) vs. I am tasting the soup. (品尝 - 动作)

III. 信号词 (Signal Words)

A. 明确表示“现在”的信号词:
- now, right now, at the moment, at present, just now
B. 隐含表示“一段时间”的信号词:
- these days, recently, lately, currently
C. 表示“将来”的信号词（用于计划好的动作）：
- tomorrow, tonight, next week, next month, next year, in the future

IV. 易错点 (Common Mistakes)

A. 混淆一般现在时: 注意区分现在进行时表示“现在正在发生”和一般现在时表示“经常性动作或状态”。
B. 滥用与状态动词: 避免将状态动词用于进行时，除非在特定语境下有特殊含义。
C. 忘记变 -ing 规则: 注意特殊动词的 -ing 形式，特别是双写辅音字母的情况。
D. 忽略否定和疑问句的结构: 确保使用正确的 am/is/are + not 和 Am/Is/Are + 主语结构。

V. 练习 (Exercises - Examples)

1. I (study) __ English now. (am studying)
1. She (not/watch) __ TV at the moment. (is not watching / isn't watching)
1. (they/play) __ football this afternoon? (Are they playing)
1. He (always/interrupt) __ me! It's so annoying. (is always interrupting)
1. I (see) __ a bird outside the window. (see) –状态动词不用进行时
1. We (have) ___ dinner at 7 tonight. (are having) - 计划好的动作

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