现在进行时的思维导图

## 《现在进行时的思维导图》

**中心主题：现在进行时 (Present Continuous/Progressive)**

**一、 构成 (Formation)**

*   **主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing**
    *   **例子:**
        *   I am eating.
        *   He is studying.
        *   They are playing.
*   **“be” 动词的选择**
    *   **am:** 用于主语 I
    *   **is:** 用于主语 he, she, it 以及单数名词
    *   **are:** 用于主语 you, we, they 以及复数名词
*   **动词-ing 形式的构成规则**
    *   **一般情况:** 直接在动词后加 -ing (e.g., play -> playing, work -> working)
    *   **以不发音的 e 结尾的动词:** 去掉 e 后加 -ing (e.g., take -> taking, write -> writing)
        *   **例外:** be -> being, see -> seeing
    *   **以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词:** 双写辅音字母后加 -ing (e.g., run -> running, swim -> swimming, get -> getting)
        *   **注意:** 辅音字母是指除 a, e, i, o, u 之外的字母。
        *   **重读闭音节** 指的是以辅音字母结尾，且最后一个元音字母发短促音的音节。
    *   **以 ie 结尾的动词:** 将 ie 改为 y 后加 -ing (e.g., lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying)

**二、 用途 (Uses)**

*   **正在发生的动作 (Action in Progress):** 描述说话时或一段时间内正在进行的动作。
    *   **例子:**
        *   The children are playing in the garden now.
        *   I am reading a very interesting book these days.
*   **临时的状态或活动 (Temporary Situations or Activities):** 描述暂时性的状态或活动，与通常情况不同。
    *   **例子:**
        *   She is living with her parents temporarily.
        *   He is working as a waiter this summer.
*   **计划好的未来动作 (Planned Future Actions):** 描述已安排好的、即将发生的未来活动，通常与时间状语连用。
    *   **例子:**
        *   I am meeting John tomorrow.
        *   We are going to the cinema tonight.
*   **表达情感或抱怨 (Expressing Emotion or Complaint):** 描述重复发生的、令人厌烦的动作，通常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表达说话者的不满或恼怒。
    *   **例子:**
        *   He is always complaining about everything.
        *   You are constantly interrupting me!
*   **状态动词的特殊用法 (Stative Verbs):**  通常状态动词不用进行时，但在某些情况下可以，表达动态过程。
    *   **状态动词:**  描述状态、感觉、想法、拥有等的动词 (e.g., believe, know, love, hate, want, own, seem, appear)。
    *   **用法例子：**
        *   **think:**  思考 (动态) vs. 认为 (静态)
            *   I am thinking about what to do next. (思考)
            *   I think he is right. (认为)
        *   **see:**  看 (动态) vs. 明白 (静态)
            *   I am seeing a doctor tomorrow. (看医生)
            *   I see what you mean. (明白)
        *   **taste:** 尝 (动态) vs.  尝起来 (静态)
            *   I am tasting the soup. (尝)
            *   The soup tastes good. (尝起来)
*  **发展变化 (Changing or Developing Situations):** 描述正在发生的变化或发展。
    *   **例子：**
        *   The climate is changing rapidly.
        *   Your English is improving.

**三、 时间状语 (Time Expressions)**

*   **now:** 现在
*   **at the moment:** 此刻
*   **at present:** 目前
*   **these days:** 这些天
*   **this week/month/year:** 本周/月/年
*   **today:** 今天
*   **tonight:** 今晚
*   **still:** 仍然

**四、 否定形式 (Negative Form)**

*   **主语 + be (am/is/are) + not + 动词-ing**
    *   **例子:**
        *   I am not working.
        *   He is not playing.
        *   They are not studying.
*   **缩写:**
    *   is not -> isn't
    *   are not -> aren't

**五、 疑问形式 (Interrogative Form)**

*   **Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + 动词-ing?**
    *   **例子:**
        *   Am I working?
        *   Is he playing?
        *   Are they studying?
*   **简短回答:**
    *   Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
    *   Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
    *   Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren't.
*   **特殊疑问句:**
    *   疑问词 + be (am/is/are) + 主语 + 动词-ing?
    *   **例子:**
        *   What are you doing?
        *   Where is he going?
        *   Why are they crying?

**六、 注意事项 (Important Notes)**

*   **避免与一般现在时混淆:**  现在进行时强调动作的进行，而一般现在时描述习惯、事实或真理。
*   **某些状态动词通常不用于进行时:**  需要了解哪些动词属于状态动词，并在使用时格外小心。
*   **根据上下文判断语境:**  同一个句子，不同的上下文可能表达不同的含义，需要根据语境判断。  例如， "He is seeing a doctor." 可以表示 "他正在看医生 (动作进行中)" 也可以表示 "他将去看医生 (未来计划)"。

## 《现在进行时的思维导图》 **中心主题：现在进行时 (Present Continuous/Progressive)** **一、构成 (Formation)** * **主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing** * **例子:** * I am eating. * He is studying. * They are playing. * **“be” 动词的选择** * **am:** 用于主语 I * **is:** 用于主语 he, she, it 以及单数名词 * **are:** 用于主语 you, we, they 以及复数名词 * **动词-ing 形式的构成规则** * **一般情况:** 直接在动词后加 -ing (e.g., play -> playing, work -> working) * **以不发音的 e 结尾的动词:** 去掉 e 后加 -ing (e.g., take -> taking, write -> writing) * **例外:** be -> being, see -> seeing * **以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词:** 双写辅音字母后加 -ing (e.g., run -> running, swim -> swimming, get -> getting) * **注意:** 辅音字母是指除 a, e, i, o, u 之外的字母。 * **重读闭音节** 指的是以辅音字母结尾，且最后一个元音字母发短促音的音节。 * **以 ie 结尾的动词:** 将 ie 改为 y 后加 -ing (e.g., lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying) **二、用途 (Uses)** * **正在发生的动作 (Action in Progress):** 描述说话时或一段时间内正在进行的动作。 * **例子:** * The children are playing in the garden now. * I am reading a very interesting book these days. * **临时的状态或活动 (Temporary Situations or Activities):** 描述暂时性的状态或活动，与通常情况不同。 * **例子:** * She is living with her parents temporarily. * He is working as a waiter this summer. * **计划好的未来动作 (Planned Future Actions):** 描述已安排好的、即将发生的未来活动，通常与时间状语连用。 * **例子:** * I am meeting John tomorrow. * We are going to the cinema tonight. * **表达情感或抱怨 (Expressing Emotion or Complaint):** 描述重复发生的、令人厌烦的动作，通常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表达说话者的不满或恼怒。 * **例子:** * He is always complaining about everything. * You are constantly interrupting me! * **状态动词的特殊用法 (Stative Verbs):** 通常状态动词不用进行时，但在某些情况下可以，表达动态过程。 * **状态动词:** 描述状态、感觉、想法、拥有等的动词 (e.g., believe, know, love, hate, want, own, seem, appear)。 * **用法例子：** * **think:** 思考 (动态) vs. 认为 (静态) * I am thinking about what to do next. (思考) * I think he is right. (认为) * **see:** 看 (动态) vs. 明白 (静态) * I am seeing a doctor tomorrow. (看医生) * I see what you mean. (明白) * **taste:** 尝 (动态) vs. 尝起来 (静态) * I am tasting the soup. (尝) * The soup tastes good. (尝起来) * **发展变化 (Changing or Developing Situations):** 描述正在发生的变化或发展。 * **例子：** * The climate is changing rapidly. * Your English is improving. **三、时间状语 (Time Expressions)** * **now:** 现在 * **at the moment:** 此刻 * **at present:** 目前 * **these days:** 这些天 * **this week/month/year:** 本周/月/年 * **today:** 今天 * **tonight:** 今晚 * **still:** 仍然 **四、否定形式 (Negative Form)** * **主语 + be (am/is/are) + not + 动词-ing** * **例子:** * I am not working. * He is not playing. * They are not studying. * **缩写:** * is not -> isn't * are not -> aren't **五、疑问形式 (Interrogative Form)** * **Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + 动词-ing?** * **例子:** * Am I working? * Is he playing? * Are they studying? * **简短回答:** * Yes, I am. / No, I am not. * Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't. * Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren't. * **特殊疑问句:** * 疑问词 + be (am/is/are) + 主语 + 动词-ing? * **例子:** * What are you doing? * Where is he going? * Why are they crying? **六、注意事项 (Important Notes)** * **避免与一般现在时混淆:** 现在进行时强调动作的进行，而一般现在时描述习惯、事实或真理。 * **某些状态动词通常不用于进行时:** 需要了解哪些动词属于状态动词，并在使用时格外小心。 * **根据上下文判断语境:** 同一个句子，不同的上下文可能表达不同的含义，需要根据语境判断。例如， "He is seeing a doctor." 可以表示 "他正在看医生 (动作进行中)" 也可以表示 "他将去看医生 (未来计划)"。

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现在进行时的思维导图

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