# 《正在进行时思维导图》
## 中心主题：正在进行时 (Present Continuous/Progressive)
### I. 构成 (Formation)
* **A. 肯定句 (Affirmative)**
* *结构：* 主语 (Subject) + be (am/is/are) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)
* *例句：*
* I am studying.
* He is playing football.
* They are watching a movie.
* *注意：*
* be动词根据主语人称和数变化。
* -ing 形式的拼写规则。
* **B. 否定句 (Negative)**
* *结构：* 主语 (Subject) + be (am/is/are) + not + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)
* *例句：*
* I am not studying.
* He is not playing football.
* They are not watching a movie.
* *缩写：*
* is not = isn't
* are not = aren't
* am not (无常用缩写)
* **C. 疑问句 (Interrogative)**
* *一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions)*
* *结构：* be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 (Subject) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)?
* *例句：*
* Am I studying?
* Is he playing football?
* Are they watching a movie?
* *简短回答：*
* Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
* Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
* Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
* *特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions)*
* *结构：* Wh-word + be (am/is/are) + 主语 (Subject) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)?
* *例句：*
* What are you doing?
* Where is he going?
* Why are they laughing?
### II. 用途 (Usage)
* **A. 描述此刻正在发生的动作 (Actions happening now)**
* *关键词：* now, at the moment, right now
* *例句：*
* She is cooking dinner now.
* The children are playing in the garden at the moment.
* I am writing this sentence right now.
* **B. 描述一段时间内正在进行的动作 (Actions happening around now - not necessarily at the exact moment of speaking)**
* *解释：* 强调一段时间，即使在说话的瞬间动作没有发生。
* *例句：*
* I am reading a very interesting book this week. (我这周正在读一本很有趣的书。)
* He is studying Chinese this semester. (他这学期在学中文。)
* **C. 描述暂时的状况 (Temporary situations)**
* *解释：* 不同于长期或习惯性的状态。
* *例句：*
* I am living in London for a few months. (我将在伦敦住几个月 - 暂时的。)
* She is working from home this week. (她这周在家工作 - 临时的。)
* **D. 描述变化的状况 (Changing situations)**
* *解释：* 强调事物正在发展变化的过程。
* *例句：*
* The weather is getting colder. (天气变得越来越冷。)
* Prices are rising rapidly. (物价上涨迅速。)
* He is becoming more confident. (他变得越来越自信。)
* **E. 表达计划好的将来活动 (Planned future activities)**
* *解释：* 通常与明确的时间或地点状语连用。
* *例句：*
* I am meeting my friend tomorrow. (我明天要见我的朋友。)
* We are going to the cinema tonight. (我们今晚要去电影院。)
* He is leaving for Paris next week. (他下周要出发去巴黎。)
* **F. 表达抱怨或不满 (Annoying habits - usually with "always")**
* *解释：* 用于批评或表达对某人习惯性行为的不满。
* *例句：*
* He is always interrupting me! (他总是打断我！)
* You are always complaining! (你总是抱怨！)
### III. 注意事项 (Important Notes)
* **A. 非谓语动词 (Stative Verbs / Non-Continuous Verbs)**
* *解释：* 一些动词通常不用于进行时，因为它们描述的是状态、感觉、想法等，而不是动作。
* *常见非谓语动词：*
* *感觉：* see, hear, smell, taste, feel
* *心理状态：* believe, know, understand, think (当表示 opinion 时), remember, forget, want, need, love, hate
* *所有：* have, own, possess, belong
* *其他：* seem, appear, cost, weigh
* *例外：* 有些动词在特定语境下可以用于进行时，但含义会发生变化。
* *例：* I am thinking about the problem. (我在考虑这个问题 - 动作) vs. I think it's a good idea. (我认为这是一个好主意 - 观点)
* *例：* He is having lunch. (他正在吃午饭 - 动作) vs. He has a car. (他有一辆车 - 状态)
* **B. 拼写规则 (Spelling Rules for -ing form)**
* *一般情况：* 直接加 -ing (e.g., play -> playing, work -> working)
* *以 -e 结尾：* 去掉 -e 再加 -ing (e.g., come -> coming, write -> writing) (但 see -> seeing, be -> being)
* *以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面是一个短元音的重读音节：* 双写辅音字母再加 -ing (e.g., run -> running, swim -> swimming, stop -> stopping) (但 open -> opening, visit -> visiting)
* *以 -ie 结尾：* 将 -ie 改为 -y 再加 -ing (e.g., lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying)
* **C. 时间状语 (Time Expressions)**
* *常见时间状语：* now, at the moment, right now, these days, this week, this month, this year, currently
### IV. 练习 (Practice)
* **A. 句子改写：** 将一般现在时的句子改为现在进行时。
* **B. 填空：** 根据语境选择正确的动词形式。
* **C. 造句：** 使用现在进行时描述图片或情景。
* **D. 听力练习：** 听音频，判断句子是否使用了现在进行时，并理解其含义。
### V. 总结 (Summary)
* 正在进行时用于描述此刻正在发生、一段时间内正在进行、暂时的状况、变化的状况、计划好的将来活动以及表达抱怨或不满。掌握其构成、用途和注意事项，有助于更准确地运用这一时态。 区分谓语动词和非谓语动词是掌握本时态的关键。
