《正在进行时思维导图》

中心主题：正在进行时 (Present Continuous/Progressive)

I. 构成 (Formation)

• A. 肯定句 (Affirmative)

  • 结构： 主语 (Subject) + be (am/is/are) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)
  • 例句：
    • I am studying.
    • He is playing football.
    • They are watching a movie.
  • 注意：
    • be动词根据主语人称和数变化。
    • -ing 形式的拼写规则。

• B. 否定句 (Negative)

  • 结构： 主语 (Subject) + be (am/is/are) + not + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)
  • 例句：
    • I am not studying.
    • He is not playing football.
    • They are not watching a movie.
  • 缩写：
    • is not = isn't
    • are not = aren't
    • am not (无常用缩写)

• C. 疑问句 (Interrogative)

  • 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions)
    • 结构： be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 (Subject) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)?
    • 例句：
      • Am I studying?
      • Is he playing football?
      • Are they watching a movie?
    • 简短回答：
      • Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
      • Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
      • Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
  • 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions)
    • 结构： Wh-word + be (am/is/are) + 主语 (Subject) + 动词ing (Verb + -ing)?
    • 例句：
      • What are you doing?
      • Where is he going?
      • Why are they laughing?

II. 用途 (Usage)

• A. 描述此刻正在发生的动作 (Actions happening now)

  • 关键词： now, at the moment, right now
  • 例句：
    • She is cooking dinner now.
    • The children are playing in the garden at the moment.
    • I am writing this sentence right now.

• B. 描述一段时间内正在进行的动作 (Actions happening around now - not necessarily at the exact moment of speaking)

  • 解释： 强调一段时间，即使在说话的瞬间动作没有发生。
  • 例句：
    • I am reading a very interesting book this week. (我这周正在读一本很有趣的书。)
    • He is studying Chinese this semester. (他这学期在学中文。)

• C. 描述暂时的状况 (Temporary situations)

  • 解释： 不同于长期或习惯性的状态。
  • 例句：
    • I am living in London for a few months. (我将在伦敦住几个月 - 暂时的。)
    • She is working from home this week. (她这周在家工作 - 临时的。)

• D. 描述变化的状况 (Changing situations)

  • 解释： 强调事物正在发展变化的过程。
  • 例句：
    • The weather is getting colder. (天气变得越来越冷。)
    • Prices are rising rapidly. (物价上涨迅速。)
    • He is becoming more confident. (他变得越来越自信。)

• E. 表达计划好的将来活动 (Planned future activities)

  • 解释： 通常与明确的时间或地点状语连用。
  • 例句：
    • I am meeting my friend tomorrow. (我明天要见我的朋友。)
    • We are going to the cinema tonight. (我们今晚要去电影院。)
    • He is leaving for Paris next week. (他下周要出发去巴黎。)

• F. 表达抱怨或不满 (Annoying habits - usually with "always")

  • 解释： 用于批评或表达对某人习惯性行为的不满。
  • 例句：
    • He is always interrupting me! (他总是打断我！)
    • You are always complaining! (你总是抱怨！)

III. 注意事项 (Important Notes)

• A. 非谓语动词 (Stative Verbs / Non-Continuous Verbs)

  • 解释： 一些动词通常不用于进行时，因为它们描述的是状态、感觉、想法等，而不是动作。
  • 常见非谓语动词：
    • 感觉： see, hear, smell, taste, feel
    • 心理状态： believe, know, understand, think (当表示 opinion 时), remember, forget, want, need, love, hate
    • 所有： have, own, possess, belong
    • 其他： seem, appear, cost, weigh
  • 例外： 有些动词在特定语境下可以用于进行时，但含义会发生变化。
    • 例： I am thinking about the problem. (我在考虑这个问题 - 动作) vs. I think it's a good idea. (我认为这是一个好主意 - 观点)
    • 例： He is having lunch. (他正在吃午饭 - 动作) vs. He has a car. (他有一辆车 - 状态)

• B. 拼写规则 (Spelling Rules for -ing form)

  • 一般情况： 直接加 -ing (e.g., play -> playing, work -> working)
  • 以 -e 结尾： 去掉 -e 再加 -ing (e.g., come -> coming, write -> writing) (但 see -> seeing, be -> being)
  • 以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面是一个短元音的重读音节： 双写辅音字母再加 -ing (e.g., run -> running, swim -> swimming, stop -> stopping) (但 open -> opening, visit -> visiting)
  • 以 -ie 结尾： 将 -ie 改为 -y 再加 -ing (e.g., lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying)

• C. 时间状语 (Time Expressions)

  • 常见时间状语： now, at the moment, right now, these days, this week, this month, this year, currently

IV. 练习 (Practice)

• A. 句子改写： 将一般现在时的句子改为现在进行时。
• B. 填空： 根据语境选择正确的动词形式。
• C. 造句： 使用现在进行时描述图片或情景。
• D. 听力练习： 听音频，判断句子是否使用了现在进行时，并理解其含义。

V. 总结 (Summary)

• 正在进行时用于描述此刻正在发生、一段时间内正在进行、暂时的状况、变化的状况、计划好的将来活动以及表达抱怨或不满。掌握其构成、用途和注意事项，有助于更准确地运用这一时态。 区分谓语动词和非谓语动词是掌握本时态的关键。