《Weather的思维导图》

中心主题: Weather (天气)

I. Elements & Components (要素与组成)

• A. Temperature (温度)
  • 1. Measurement Units (测量单位)
       • a. Celsius (°C)
       • b. Fahrenheit (°F)
       • c. Kelvin (K)
  • 2. Factors Affecting (影响因素)
       • a. Solar Radiation (太阳辐射)
       • b. Altitude (海拔高度)
       • c. Latitude (纬度)
       • d. Proximity to Water Bodies (靠近水体)
       • e. Wind (风)
       • f. Urban Heat Island Effect (城市热岛效应)
  • 3. Temperature Extremes (极端温度)
       • a. Heatwaves (热浪)
       • b. Cold Snaps (寒潮)
       • c. Record Highs and Lows (历史最高和最低温度)
• B. Precipitation (降水)
  • 1. Types (类型)
       • a. Rain (雨)
       • b. Snow (雪)
       • c. Sleet (雨夹雪)
       • d. Hail (冰雹)
       • e. Drizzle (毛毛雨)
  • 2. Formation Processes (形成过程)
       • a. Condensation (凝结)
       • b. Coalescence (合并)
       • c. Ice Crystal Growth (冰晶增长)
  • 3. Measurement (测量)
       • a. Rain Gauge (雨量计)
       • b. Snow Gauge (雪量计)
       • c. Doppler Radar (多普勒雷达)
• C. Wind (风)
  • 1. Measurement (测量)
       • a. Anemometer (风速计)
       • b. Wind Vane (风向标)
  • 2. Types (类型)
       • a. Prevailing Winds (盛行风)
       • b. Local Winds (地方风)
       • i. Sea Breeze (海风)
       • ii. Land Breeze (陆风)
       • iii. Mountain Breeze (山风)
       • iv. Valley Breeze (谷风)
       • c. Jet Stream (急流)
  • 3. Factors Affecting (影响因素)
       • a. Pressure Gradient Force (气压梯度力)
       • b. Coriolis Effect (科里奥利效应)
       • c. Friction (摩擦力)
• D. Humidity (湿度)
  • 1. Types (类型)
       • a. Absolute Humidity (绝对湿度)
       • b. Relative Humidity (相对湿度)
  • 2. Measurement (测量)
       • a. Hygrometer (湿度计)
       • b. Psychrometer (干湿球温度计)
  • 3. Impact (影响)
       • a. Comfort Level (舒适度)
       • b. Dew Point (露点)
       • c. Precipitation Formation (降水形成)
• E. Atmospheric Pressure (大气压力)
  • 1. Measurement (测量)
       • a. Barometer (气压计)
  • 2. Units (单位)
       • a. Pascals (Pa)
       • b. Millibars (mb)
       • c. Inches of Mercury (inHg)
  • 3. Relation to Weather Systems (与天气系统关系)
       • a. High Pressure (高压)
       • b. Low Pressure (低压)

II. Weather Systems (天气系统)

• A. Fronts (锋面)
  • 1. Types (类型)
       • a. Cold Front (冷锋)
       • b. Warm Front (暖锋)
       • c. Stationary Front (静止锋)
       • d. Occluded Front (锢囚锋)
  • 2. Weather Associated (相关天气)
       • a. Precipitation (降水)
       • b. Temperature Changes (温度变化)
       • c. Wind Shifts (风向变化)
• B. Air Masses (气团)
  • 1. Types (类型)
       • a. Maritime Tropical (mT)
       • b. Continental Tropical (cT)
       • c. Maritime Polar (mP)
       • d. Continental Polar (cP)
       • e. Arctic (A)
  • 2. Characteristics (特征)
       • a. Temperature (温度)
       • b. Humidity (湿度)
• C. Cyclones (气旋)
  • 1. Tropical Cyclones (热带气旋)
       • a. Hurricanes (飓风)
       • b. Typhoons (台风)
       • c. Cyclones (气旋)
       • d. Formation Conditions (形成条件)
       • e. Impact (影响)
  • 2. Extratropical Cyclones (温带气旋)
       • a. Formation (形成)
       • b. Characteristics (特征)
       • c. Associated Weather (相关天气)
• D. Anticyclones (反气旋)
  • 1. Characteristics (特征)
       • a. Sinking Air (下沉气流)
       • b. Clear Skies (晴朗天空)
  • 2. Associated Weather (相关天气)

III. Weather Forecasting (天气预报)

• A. Observation (观测)
  • 1. Surface Observations (地面观测)
  • 2. Upper-Air Observations (高空观测)
       • a. Radiosondes (无线电探空仪)
       • b. Weather Balloons (气象气球)
  • 3. Satellite Observations (卫星观测)
       • a. Visible Imagery (可见光图像)
       • b. Infrared Imagery (红外图像)
       • c. Water Vapor Imagery (水汽图像)
  • 4. Radar Observations (雷达观测)
       • a. Doppler Radar (多普勒雷达)
• B. Weather Models (天气模型)
  • 1. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) (数值天气预报)
  • 2. Types of Models (模型类型)
       • a. Global Models (全球模型)
       • b. Regional Models (区域模型)
• C. Forecast Products (预报产品)
  • 1. Short-Range Forecasts (短时预报)
  • 2. Medium-Range Forecasts (中期预报)
  • 3. Long-Range Forecasts (长期预报)
  • 4. Severe Weather Outlooks (强天气展望)

IV. Impacts of Weather (天气的影响)

• A. Agriculture (农业)
  • 1. Crop Growth (作物生长)
  • 2. Irrigation (灌溉)
  • 3. Pest Control (病虫害防治)
• B. Transportation (交通运输)
  • 1. Aviation (航空)
  • 2. Maritime (海运)
  • 3. Road (公路)
• C. Human Health (人类健康)
  • 1. Heatstroke (中暑)
  • 2. Hypothermia (体温过低)
  • 3. Respiratory Problems (呼吸系统问题)
  • 4. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) (季节性情感障碍)
• D. Energy (能源)
  • 1. Demand (需求)
  • 2. Renewable Energy Production (可再生能源生产)
       • a. Solar (太阳能)
       • b. Wind (风能)
       • c. Hydro (水力)
• E. Economy (经济)
  • 1. Tourism (旅游业)
  • 2. Construction (建筑业)
  • 3. Retail (零售业)

V. Extreme Weather Events (极端天气事件)

• A. Heatwaves (热浪)
• B. Droughts (干旱)
• C. Floods (洪水)
• D. Severe Storms (强风暴)
  • 1. Thunderstorms (雷暴)
  • 2. Tornadoes (龙卷风)
  • 3. Hailstorms (冰雹)
• E. Blizzards (暴风雪)
• F. Wildfires (野火)

VI. Climate Change & Weather (气候变化与天气)

• A. Increased Frequency & Intensity of Extreme Events (极端事件的频率和强度增加)
• B. Changes in Precipitation Patterns (降水模式变化)
• C. Sea Level Rise (海平面上升)
• D. Impact on Weather Systems (对天气系统的影响)
• E. Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies (减缓和适应策略)