《广州版三年级英语思维导图》

I. 核心语法知识

A. 名词 (Nouns)

• 可数名词 (Countable Nouns):
  • 单数 (Singular): a/an + 名词 (e.g., a book, an apple)
  • 复数 (Plural):
    • 规则变化: + -s (e.g., books, pens)
    • 不规则变化: man -> men, woman -> women, child -> children, foot -> feet, tooth -> teeth, mouse -> mice, sheep -> sheep, fish -> fish
    • 以 -s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾: + -es (e.g., buses, boxes, watches, dishes)
    • 以辅音字母 + -y结尾: 去y改i + -es (e.g., babies, families)
    • 以 -f 或 -fe结尾: 去f/fe改v + -es (e.g., knives, wives)
    • 以元音字母 + -o结尾: + -s (e.g., radios, zoos)
    • 以辅音字母 + -o结尾: + -es (e.g., tomatoes, potatoes)
• 不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns):
  • 不能直接数数量 (e.g., water, milk, rice, bread, juice, tea)
  • 用量词修饰: a glass of water, a cup of tea, a bowl of rice, a piece of bread

B. 代词 (Pronouns)

• 人称代词 (Personal Pronouns):
  • 主格 (Subject Pronouns): I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
  • 宾格 (Object Pronouns): me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
  • 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns):
    • 形容词性物主代词: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their (e.g., my book, her pen)
    • 名词性物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs (e.g., This book is mine.)
• 指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns): this, that, these, those
• 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns): who, what, which, whose

C. 动词 (Verbs)

• 系动词 (Linking Verbs): be (am, is, are), feel, look, taste, smell, sound, become, seem
• 行为动词 (Action Verbs): play, eat, drink, run, jump, read, write, sing, dance
• 助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs): do, does, did; have, has, had; be (am, is, are, was, were)
• 情态动词 (Modal Verbs): can, should, must

D. 形容词 (Adjectives)

• 描述名词的特征 (e.g., big, small, tall, short, happy, sad)
• 位置: 在名词前 (e.g., a big house) 或系动词后 (e.g., The house is big.)

E. 副词 (Adverbs)

• 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 (e.g., quickly, slowly, very, really)
• 描述时间 (e.g., now, yesterday, tomorrow)
• 描述地点 (e.g., here, there)
• 描述方式 (e.g., quickly, slowly, happily)

F. 介词 (Prepositions)

• 表示时间 (e.g., at, on, in)
• 表示地点 (e.g., at, on, in, under, over, behind, in front of, next to)
• 表示方向 (e.g., to, from, up, down)

G. 句子结构 (Sentence Structure)

• 陈述句 (Declarative Sentences): 主语 + 谓语 + (宾语/表语) (e.g., I like apples.)
• 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentences):
  • 一般疑问句: Be动词/助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + (宾语/表语)? (e.g., Are you happy?)
  • 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + Be动词/助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + (宾语/表语)? (e.g., What is your name?)
• 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences): 动词原形 + (宾语/表语) (e.g., Open the book.)
• 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences): What a/an + 形容词 + 名词! / How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语! (e.g., What a beautiful flower! How happy I am!)

H. 时态 (Tenses)

• 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense):
  • 表示习惯性动作或普遍真理 (e.g., I eat breakfast every day. The sun rises in the east.)
  • 动词形式:
    • 主语是 I/you/we/they: 动词原形
    • 主语是 he/she/it: 动词原形 + -s/-es
• 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense):
  • 表示现在正在发生的动作 (e.g., I am eating breakfast now.)
  • 结构: am/is/are + 动词-ing

II. 重点词汇分类

A. 动物 (Animals)

• Domestic Animals: cat, dog, pig, cow, sheep, horse, chicken, duck, goose
• Wild Animals: lion, tiger, elephant, giraffe, monkey, bear, zebra, snake, panda
• Birds: bird, parrot, eagle, penguin
• Insects: ant, bee, butterfly, mosquito

B. 食物 (Food)

• Fruits: apple, banana, orange, grape, strawberry, watermelon, pear, mango
• Vegetables: carrot, tomato, potato, cucumber, onion, cabbage, peas, beans
• Drinks: water, milk, juice, tea, coffee
• Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner
• Others: bread, rice, meat, fish, eggs, cheese, cake, candy

C. 颜色 (Colors)

• red, blue, yellow, green, black, white, orange, purple, pink, brown

D. 数字 (Numbers)

• one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
• 序数词: first, second, third, fourth, fifth

E. 日常生活 (Daily Life)

• Family: father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother
• Clothes: shirt, pants, shoes, socks, dress, hat, coat
• Body Parts: head, face, eye, ear, nose, mouth, arm, leg, hand, foot
• School: school, classroom, teacher, student, book, pen, desk, chair, board
• Weather: sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, snowy

F. 地点 (Places)

• home, school, park, zoo, hospital, shop, post office, library, restaurant

G. 交通工具 (Transportation)

• car, bus, train, bike, plane, ship

III. 常用句型

A. 问候语 (Greetings)

• Hello! Hi!
• Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! Good night!
• How are you? I'm fine, thank you. And you?

B. 介绍 (Introductions)

• My name is...
• This is...
• Nice to meet you.

C. 提问 (Asking Questions)

• What is this?
• What's your name?
• How old are you?
• Where are you from?
• What do you like?
• Can you...?
• Do you like...?

D. 请求 (Making Requests)

• Please...
• Can I have...?
• Could you...?

E. 表达感谢 (Expressing Gratitude)

• Thank you.
• You're welcome.

F. 表达喜好 (Expressing Likes and Dislikes)

• I like...
• I don't like...
• I love...
• I hate...

G. 表达能力 (Expressing Ability)

• I can...
• I can't...

IV. 学习技巧

A. 多听多说 (Listen and Speak)

• 听英语歌曲、看英语动画片
• 模仿英语发音
• 大胆开口说英语

B. 多读多写 (Read and Write)

• 阅读简单的英语故事
• 练习写英语单词和句子
• 记英语日记

C. 游戏学习 (Learning through Games)

• 玩英语单词游戏
• 玩英语角色扮演游戏

D. 利用资源 (Utilizing Resources)

• 使用英语学习App
• 参加英语学习班
• 与英语母语者交流

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