chinese new year思维导图英语

# 《Chinese New Year思维导图英语》

## I. Origins & History

*   **A. Ancient Agriculture Rituals:**
    *   Focus: Praying for a good harvest and prosperity in the coming year.
    *   Deities: Offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors.
    *   Timing: Based on the lunar calendar, marking the end of winter and beginning of spring.
*   **B. Legend of Nian:**
    *   Monster: Nian, a mythical beast that terrorized villages.
    *   Vulnerability: Nian was afraid of loud noises, red color, and bright lights.
    *   Defeat: Villagers used firecrackers, red decorations, and lanterns to scare Nian away.
*   **C. Evolution Over Time:**
    *   Dynasties: Celebrated differently under various dynasties (e.g., Tang, Song, Ming).
    *   Customs: Incorporating diverse regional traditions and beliefs.
    *   Modern Era: Became a national holiday with a week-long break and global celebrations.

## II. Preparations & Decorations

*   **A. Thorough Cleaning (扫尘):**
    *   Symbolism: Sweeping away bad luck and making way for good fortune.
    *   Scope: Cleaning houses from top to bottom.
    *   Timing: Done before New Year's Eve.
*   **B. Decorations:**
    *   **1. Red Lanterns (红灯笼):**
        *   Symbolism: Represents prosperity, good luck, and warding off evil spirits.
        *   Placement: Hung indoors and outdoors.
    *   **2. Spring Couplets (春联):**
        *   Content: Auspicious phrases and poems expressing hopes for the new year.
        *   Placement: Pasted on door frames.
        *   Examples: "May you be blessed with boundless fortune" (福星高照), "May wealth come generously" (财源广进).
    *   **3. Paper Cuttings (剪纸):**
        *   Designs: Animals (especially the zodiac animal of the year), flowers, auspicious symbols.
        *   Placement: Pasted on windows and walls.
    *   **4. Upside-down Fu Character (倒福):**
        *   Symbolism: "Fu" (福) means good fortune. Upside-down means "fortune arrives" (福到了).
        *   Placement: Pasted on doors or walls.
    *   **5. Tangerine Trees (橘子树):**
        *   Symbolism: Tangerines represent wealth and prosperity due to their golden color.
        *   Placement: Placed in homes or businesses.
*   **C. Buying New Clothes:**
    *   Symbolism: Represents a fresh start and getting rid of the old.
    *   Color Preference: Red is a popular choice for its auspicious connotations.

## III. Food & Feasts

*   **A. Reunion Dinner (团圆饭):**
    *   Significance: The most important meal of the year, eaten on New Year's Eve.
    *   Attendees: All family members gather together.
    *   Dishes: Traditionally includes fish (鱼, yú - abundance), dumplings (饺子, jiǎozi - wealth), spring rolls (春卷, chūnjuǎn - wealth), and glutinous rice cake (年糕, niángāo - progress, higher each year).
*   **B. Symbolic Food:**
    *   **1. Dumplings (饺子):**
        *   Shape: Resemble ancient Chinese money (yuanbao).
        *   Filling: Pork, vegetables, and sometimes hidden coins for good luck.
        *   Custom: Northern Chinese tradition.
    *   **2. Fish (鱼):**
        *   Symbolism: Represents abundance (余, yú), a homophone for surplus.
        *   Preparation: Steamed, braised, or fried.
        *   Custom: Must be eaten, but some families leave a portion uneaten to ensure surplus throughout the year.
    *   **3. Spring Rolls (春卷):**
        *   Shape: Resemble gold bars.
        *   Filling: Vegetables and meat.
        *   Custom: Southern Chinese tradition.
    *   **4. Glutinous Rice Cake (年糕):**
        *   Symbolism: Represents progress, higher each year (年高, niángāo).
        *   Ingredients: Glutinous rice flour, sugar, and other ingredients.
        *   Preparation: Steamed or fried.
    *   **5. Tangerines and Oranges (橘子和橙子):**
        *   Symbolism: Represents wealth and good luck due to their round shape and golden color.
*   **C. Snacks and Treats:**
    *   Candy: Represents a sweet life in the new year.
    *   Seeds: Symbolize fertility and new beginnings.
    *   Nuts: Represent longevity and good health.

## IV. Customs & Traditions

*   **A. Giving Red Envelopes (红包):**
    *   Content: Money given to children and unmarried adults.
    *   Symbolism: Represents good luck and warding off evil spirits.
    *   Modern Trend: Digital red envelopes via WeChat Pay and Alipay.
*   **B. Firecrackers and Fireworks (鞭炮和烟花):**
    *   Purpose: To scare away evil spirits and welcome the new year.
    *   Sound and Light: Loud noises and bright displays are essential.
    *   Restrictions: Many cities have restrictions due to safety concerns.
*   **C. Lion and Dragon Dances (舞狮和舞龙):**
    *   Entertainment: Traditional dances performed to bring good luck and prosperity.
    *   Symbolism: Lion represents courage and strength; dragon represents good fortune and power.
    *   Performance: Involves intricate costumes and skilled performers.
*   **D. Visiting Family and Friends (拜年):**
    *   Purpose: To exchange greetings and wishes for the new year.
    *   Etiquette: Offering blessings, exchanging gifts, and sharing meals.
    *   Keywords: "Happy New Year" (新年快乐, Xīnnián kuàilè), "Wishing you prosperity" (恭喜发财, Gōngxǐ fācái).
*   **E. Temple Fairs (庙会):**
    *   Activities: Traditional performances, food stalls, games, and religious ceremonies.
    *   Atmosphere: Lively and festive.
    *   Purpose: To celebrate the new year and seek blessings.

## V. Zodiac Animals (生肖)

*   **A. Cycle:** A 12-year cycle, each year represented by a different animal.
*   **B. Animals:** Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig.
*   **C. Characteristics:** Each animal is associated with specific personality traits and characteristics.
*   **D. Significance:** People born in a particular animal year are believed to share those characteristics.
*   **E. 2024:** Year of the Dragon (symbolizes power, good fortune, and success).

## VI. Taboos (禁忌)

*   **A. Cleaning on New Year's Day:**
    *   Reason: Sweeping away good luck.
    *   Alternatives: Cleaning thoroughly before New Year's Eve.
*   **B. Using Sharp Objects:**
    *   Reason: Cutting off good fortune.
    *   Alternatives: Avoiding the use of knives, scissors, and other sharp objects.
*   **C. Breaking Dishes:**
    *   Reason: Brings bad luck.
    *   Action: If a dish is broken accidentally, say "岁岁平安" (suì suì píng ān - peace all year round).
*   **D. Lending or Borrowing Money:**
    *   Reason: Brings financial instability.
    *   Alternatives: Avoiding financial transactions during the New Year period.
*   **E. Wearing Black or White:**
    *   Reason: Associated with mourning.
    *   Alternatives: Wearing bright and colorful clothing, especially red.
*   **F. Giving Certain Gifts:**
    *   Clocks: Pronunciation sounds like "sending off to the afterlife."
    *   Shoes: Sound like "bad luck."
    *   Pears: Symbolize separation.

## VII. Global Celebrations

*   **A. Chinatowns Worldwide:**
    *   Celebrations: Parades, lion and dragon dances, cultural performances, and food festivals.
    *   Communities: Celebrated by Chinese diaspora communities around the world.
*   **B. Southeast Asia:**
    *   Countries: Vietnam (Tet), Korea (Seollal), and other countries with significant Chinese influence.
    *   Adaptations: Adapting traditions to local customs and cultures.
*   **C. Western Countries:**
    *   Interest: Increasing awareness and interest in Chinese New Year among non-Chinese communities.
    *   Events: Cultural events, parades, and celebrations organized in major cities.

## VIII. Greetings & Wishes

*   **A. Common Greetings:**
    *   "Happy New Year" (新年快乐, Xīnnián kuàilè)
    *   "Wishing you prosperity" (恭喜发财, Gōngxǐ fācái)
    *   "Wishing you good health" (身体健康, Shēntǐ jiànkāng)
    *   "Everything goes well" (万事如意, Wànshì rúyì)
*   **B. Zodiac-Specific Greetings:**
    *   Year of the Dragon: "Wishing you success like a dragon" (龙马精神, Lóngmǎ jīngshén – energetic spirit like a dragon and horse).
*   **C. Blessings for Family:**
    *   For Elders: "Wishing you longevity and good health" (福如东海，寿比南山, Fú rú dōnghǎi, shòu bǐ nánshān) - Happiness as immense as the East Sea, Longevity as great as the South Mountain.
    *   For Children: "Wishing you grow taller and stronger" (快高长大, Kuài gāo cháng dà).

# 《Chinese New Year思维导图英语》 ## I. Origins & History * **A. Ancient Agriculture Rituals:** * Focus: Praying for a good harvest and prosperity in the coming year. * Deities: Offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. * Timing: Based on the lunar calendar, marking the end of winter and beginning of spring. * **B. Legend of Nian:** * Monster: Nian, a mythical beast that terrorized villages. * Vulnerability: Nian was afraid of loud noises, red color, and bright lights. * Defeat: Villagers used firecrackers, red decorations, and lanterns to scare Nian away. * **C. Evolution Over Time:** * Dynasties: Celebrated differently under various dynasties (e.g., Tang, Song, Ming). * Customs: Incorporating diverse regional traditions and beliefs. * Modern Era: Became a national holiday with a week-long break and global celebrations. ## II. Preparations & Decorations * **A. Thorough Cleaning (扫尘):** * Symbolism: Sweeping away bad luck and making way for good fortune. * Scope: Cleaning houses from top to bottom. * Timing: Done before New Year's Eve. * **B. Decorations:** * **1. Red Lanterns (红灯笼):** * Symbolism: Represents prosperity, good luck, and warding off evil spirits. * Placement: Hung indoors and outdoors. * **2. Spring Couplets (春联):** * Content: Auspicious phrases and poems expressing hopes for the new year. * Placement: Pasted on door frames. * Examples: "May you be blessed with boundless fortune" (福星高照), "May wealth come generously" (财源广进). * **3. Paper Cuttings (剪纸):** * Designs: Animals (especially the zodiac animal of the year), flowers, auspicious symbols. * Placement: Pasted on windows and walls. * **4. Upside-down Fu Character (倒福):** * Symbolism: "Fu" (福) means good fortune. Upside-down means "fortune arrives" (福到了). * Placement: Pasted on doors or walls. * **5. Tangerine Trees (橘子树):** * Symbolism: Tangerines represent wealth and prosperity due to their golden color. * Placement: Placed in homes or businesses. * **C. Buying New Clothes:** * Symbolism: Represents a fresh start and getting rid of the old. * Color Preference: Red is a popular choice for its auspicious connotations. ## III. Food & Feasts * **A. Reunion Dinner (团圆饭):** * Significance: The most important meal of the year, eaten on New Year's Eve. * Attendees: All family members gather together. * Dishes: Traditionally includes fish (鱼, yú - abundance), dumplings (饺子, jiǎozi - wealth), spring rolls (春卷, chūnjuǎn - wealth), and glutinous rice cake (年糕, niángāo - progress, higher each year). * **B. Symbolic Food:** * **1. Dumplings (饺子):** * Shape: Resemble ancient Chinese money (yuanbao). * Filling: Pork, vegetables, and sometimes hidden coins for good luck. * Custom: Northern Chinese tradition. * **2. Fish (鱼):** * Symbolism: Represents abundance (余, yú), a homophone for surplus. * Preparation: Steamed, braised, or fried. * Custom: Must be eaten, but some families leave a portion uneaten to ensure surplus throughout the year. * **3. Spring Rolls (春卷):** * Shape: Resemble gold bars. * Filling: Vegetables and meat. * Custom: Southern Chinese tradition. * **4. Glutinous Rice Cake (年糕):** * Symbolism: Represents progress, higher each year (年高, niángāo). * Ingredients: Glutinous rice flour, sugar, and other ingredients. * Preparation: Steamed or fried. * **5. Tangerines and Oranges (橘子和橙子):** * Symbolism: Represents wealth and good luck due to their round shape and golden color. * **C. Snacks and Treats:** * Candy: Represents a sweet life in the new year. * Seeds: Symbolize fertility and new beginnings. * Nuts: Represent longevity and good health. ## IV. Customs & Traditions * **A. Giving Red Envelopes (红包):** * Content: Money given to children and unmarried adults. * Symbolism: Represents good luck and warding off evil spirits. * Modern Trend: Digital red envelopes via WeChat Pay and Alipay. * **B. Firecrackers and Fireworks (鞭炮和烟花):** * Purpose: To scare away evil spirits and welcome the new year. * Sound and Light: Loud noises and bright displays are essential. * Restrictions: Many cities have restrictions due to safety concerns. * **C. Lion and Dragon Dances (舞狮和舞龙):** * Entertainment: Traditional dances performed to bring good luck and prosperity. * Symbolism: Lion represents courage and strength; dragon represents good fortune and power. * Performance: Involves intricate costumes and skilled performers. * **D. Visiting Family and Friends (拜年):** * Purpose: To exchange greetings and wishes for the new year. * Etiquette: Offering blessings, exchanging gifts, and sharing meals. * Keywords: "Happy New Year" (新年快乐, Xīnnián kuàilè), "Wishing you prosperity" (恭喜发财, Gōngxǐ fācái). * **E. Temple Fairs (庙会):** * Activities: Traditional performances, food stalls, games, and religious ceremonies. * Atmosphere: Lively and festive. * Purpose: To celebrate the new year and seek blessings. ## V. Zodiac Animals (生肖) * **A. Cycle:** A 12-year cycle, each year represented by a different animal. * **B. Animals:** Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. * **C. Characteristics:** Each animal is associated with specific personality traits and characteristics. * **D. Significance:** People born in a particular animal year are believed to share those characteristics. * **E. 2024:** Year of the Dragon (symbolizes power, good fortune, and success). ## VI. Taboos (禁忌) * **A. Cleaning on New Year's Day:** * Reason: Sweeping away good luck. * Alternatives: Cleaning thoroughly before New Year's Eve. * **B. Using Sharp Objects:** * Reason: Cutting off good fortune. * Alternatives: Avoiding the use of knives, scissors, and other sharp objects. * **C. Breaking Dishes:** * Reason: Brings bad luck. * Action: If a dish is broken accidentally, say "岁岁平安" (suì suì píng ān - peace all year round). * **D. Lending or Borrowing Money:** * Reason: Brings financial instability. * Alternatives: Avoiding financial transactions during the New Year period. * **E. Wearing Black or White:** * Reason: Associated with mourning. * Alternatives: Wearing bright and colorful clothing, especially red. * **F. Giving Certain Gifts:** * Clocks: Pronunciation sounds like "sending off to the afterlife." * Shoes: Sound like "bad luck." * Pears: Symbolize separation. ## VII. Global Celebrations * **A. Chinatowns Worldwide:** * Celebrations: Parades, lion and dragon dances, cultural performances, and food festivals. * Communities: Celebrated by Chinese diaspora communities around the world. * **B. Southeast Asia:** * Countries: Vietnam (Tet), Korea (Seollal), and other countries with significant Chinese influence. * Adaptations: Adapting traditions to local customs and cultures. * **C. Western Countries:** * Interest: Increasing awareness and interest in Chinese New Year among non-Chinese communities. * Events: Cultural events, parades, and celebrations organized in major cities. ## VIII. Greetings & Wishes * **A. Common Greetings:** * "Happy New Year" (新年快乐, Xīnnián kuàilè) * "Wishing you prosperity" (恭喜发财, Gōngxǐ fācái) * "Wishing you good health" (身体健康, Shēntǐ jiànkāng) * "Everything goes well" (万事如意, Wànshì rúyì) * **B. Zodiac-Specific Greetings:** * Year of the Dragon: "Wishing you success like a dragon" (龙马精神, Lóngmǎ jīngshén – energetic spirit like a dragon and horse). * **C. Blessings for Family:** * For Elders: "Wishing you longevity and good health" (福如东海，寿比南山, Fú rú dōnghǎi, shòu bǐ nánshān) - Happiness as immense as the East Sea, Longevity as great as the South Mountain. * For Children: "Wishing you grow taller and stronger" (快高长大, Kuài gāo cháng dà).

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