《译林版六年级上英语第八单元思维导图》

中心主题：Protecting Our Animals

I. Vocabulary & Phrases (词汇与短语)

• A. Animal Types (动物种类)

  • Mammals (哺乳动物):
    • Lion (狮子)
    • Tiger (老虎)
    • Elephant (大象)
    • Panda (熊猫)
    • Whale (鲸鱼)
    • Dolphin (海豚)
    • Bear (熊) - polar bear (北极熊), brown bear (棕熊), black bear (黑熊)
  • Birds (鸟类):
    • Eagle (鹰)
    • Parrot (鹦鹉)
    • Swan (天鹅)
    • Ostrich (鸵鸟)
  • Reptiles (爬行动物):
    • Snake (蛇)
    • Crocodile (鳄鱼)
    • Turtle (乌龟)
    • Lizard (蜥蜴)
  • Amphibians (两栖动物):
    • Frog (青蛙)
    • Toad (蟾蜍)
    • Salamander (蝾螈)
  • Fish (鱼类):
    • Shark (鲨鱼)
    • Tuna (金枪鱼)
    • Goldfish (金鱼)
    • Clownfish (小丑鱼)
  • Insects (昆虫):
    • Butterfly (蝴蝶)
    • Bee (蜜蜂)
    • Ant (蚂蚁)
    • Ladybug (瓢虫)

• B. Habitat & Environment (栖息地与环境)

  • Forest (森林) - rainforest (雨林), deciduous forest (落叶林), coniferous forest (针叶林)
  • Ocean (海洋) - coral reef (珊瑚礁), deep sea (深海), coast (海岸)
  • Desert (沙漠)
  • Grassland (草原)
  • Mountain (山脉)
  • River (河流)
  • Lake (湖泊)
  • Air (空气)
  • Land (陆地)

• C. Verbs (动词) related to animal actions & conservation (与动物行为和保护相关的动词)

  • Protect (保护)
  • Save (拯救)
  • Pollute (污染)
  • Hunt (狩猎) - poaching (盗猎)
  • Feed (喂养)
  • Rescue (营救)
  • Survive (生存)
  • Die (死亡)
  • Become extinct (灭绝)
  • Live (居住/生活)
  • Eat (吃)
  • Sleep (睡觉)
  • Breed (繁殖)
  • Grow (成长)

• D. Adjectives & Adverbs (形容词和副词)

  • Endangered (濒危的)
  • Extinct (灭绝的)
  • Wild (野生的)
  • Domestic (家养的)
  • Beautiful (美丽的)
  • Dangerous (危险的)
  • Important (重要的)
  • Carefully (小心地)
  • Quickly (快速地)
  • Sadly (悲伤地)
  • Hopefully (充满希望地)

• E. Other Useful Words & Phrases (其他有用的词语)

  • Pollution (污染)
  • Global warming (全球变暖)
  • Climate change (气候变化)
  • Recycle (回收)
  • Reduce (减少)
  • Reuse (重复使用)
  • Nature reserve (自然保护区)
  • Wildlife (野生动物)
  • Environment (环境)
  • Habitat loss (栖息地丧失)
  • Animal rights (动物权利)
  • Take care of (照顾)
  • Look after (照看)

II. Grammar Focus (语法重点)

• A. Modals of Obligation (义务情态动词)

  • Should/Ought to: Expressing advice or obligation. (表达建议或义务)
    • Example: We should protect endangered animals.
    • Example: You ought to recycle more often.
  • Must/Have to: Expressing strong obligation or necessity. (表达强烈的义务或必要性)
    • Example: We must stop polluting the oceans.
    • Example: We have to protect their habitats.

• B. Expressing Future Plans & Predictions (表达未来计划和预测)

  • Will + base form of the verb: Making predictions or stating future intentions. (做出预测或陈述未来的意图)
    • Example: If we don't act now, more animals will become extinct.
    • Example: I will donate to an animal charity.
  • Be going to + base form of the verb: Expressing plans or intentions. (表达计划或意图)
    • Example: We are going to organize a clean-up event.
    • Example: They are going to build a new nature reserve.

• C. Conditional Sentences (Type 1): (条件状语从句（第一类）)

  • If + present simple, will + base form of the verb: Expressing a possible condition and its likely result. (表达一种可能发生的条件及其可能的结果)
    • Example: If we protect their habitats, they will survive.
    • Example: If we reduce pollution, the environment will improve.

III. Reading Comprehension & Themes (阅读理解与主题)

• A. Main Ideas & Supporting Details (主要思想和支持细节)

  • Identifying the central message of a text about animal conservation. (识别关于动物保护的文本的中心信息)
  • Understanding the causes of animal endangerment (栖息地丧失，污染，偷猎). (理解动物濒危的原因（栖息地丧失，污染，偷猎）)
  • Identifying solutions to help protect animals and their habitats (创建保护区，减少污染，支持动物保护组织). (识别帮助保护动物及其栖息地的解决方案（创建保护区，减少污染，支持动物保护组织）)
  • Differentiating between fact and opinion in texts about environmental issues. (区分关于环境问题的文本中的事实和观点)

• B. Themes:

  • The importance of biodiversity (生物多样性的重要性)
  • The impact of human actions on the environment (人类行为对环境的影响)
  • The role of individuals and communities in protecting animals (个人和社区在保护动物方面的作用)
  • The consequences of inaction (不作为的后果)
  • Sustainable living (可持续生活)

IV. Speaking & Writing (口语与写作)

• A. Expressing Opinions and Giving Reasons (表达观点和给出理由)

  • Giving your opinion on the importance of protecting certain animals. (就保护某些动物的重要性发表你的看法)
  • Explaining why certain animals are endangered. (解释为什么某些动物濒临灭绝)
  • Justifying actions to help protect animals and the environment. (为帮助保护动物和环境的行动辩护)

• B. Making Suggestions and Offering Solutions (提出建议和提供解决方案)

  • Suggesting ways to reduce pollution. (建议减少污染的方法)
  • Suggesting ways to help endangered animals. (建议帮助濒临灭绝的动物的方法)
  • Suggesting ways individuals can contribute to conservation efforts. (建议个人如何为保护工作做出贡献)

• C. Writing a persuasive paragraph or short essay (撰写有说服力的段落或短文)

  • Writing about the importance of protecting a specific animal. (撰写关于保护特定动物的重要性的文章)
  • Writing about the effects of pollution on wildlife. (撰写关于污染对野生动物的影响的文章)
  • Writing about solutions to help protect endangered animals. (撰写关于帮助保护濒临灭绝的动物的解决方案的文章)

V. Extension Activities (拓展活动)

• Researching endangered animals in your local area or around the world. (研究你所在地区或世界各地的濒危动物)
• Creating posters or presentations about animal conservation. (制作关于动物保护的海报或演示文稿)
• Participating in a local environmental cleanup or conservation project. (参加当地的环境清理或保护项目)
• Writing letters to government officials or organizations to advocate for animal protection. (写信给政府官员或组织，倡导动物保护)
• Reading books and watching documentaries about animal conservation. (阅读书籍和观看关于动物保护的纪录片)
• Starting a recycling program at school or home. (在学校或家里启动一个回收计划)
• Reducing your carbon footprint by using less energy and water. (通过减少能源和水的消耗来减少你的碳足迹)