定语从句思维导图

定义: 修饰名词或代词的从句,在句中充当定语成分。
作用: 详细描述或限定先行词,使其含义更加具体。
结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词: 连接先行词和定语从句,并代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
从句: 包含主语、谓语等完整成分的句子结构。
核心要素:
分类: 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
一、定语从句总览
主语: Who is a reliable person?
宾语: The person who I admire most is her. (who 可以省略)
who: 指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语。(e.g., The man who is talking is my teacher.)
宾语: The boy whom she loves lives far away. (whom 可以省略)
介词宾语: The man to whom she wrote a letter is her father. (介词提前)
whom: 指代人,在从句中作宾语。(e.g., The student whom I taught last year won the prize.)
主语: The car which is red is mine.
宾语: The movie which we watched last night was amazing. (which 可以省略)
which: 指代物或事,在从句中作主语或宾语。(e.g., The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.)
主语: The dog that is barking is my neighbor's.
宾语: The song that she sang was wonderful. (that 可以省略)
先行词是 all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, 等修饰的词。
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
先行词既有人又有物。
疑问词who/which引导的特殊疑问句。
特殊情况必须使用that:
that: 指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。(e.g., The house that he built is very beautiful.)
定语: The girl whose hair is long is my sister.
whose: 指代人或物,在从句中作定语,表示“...的”。(e.g., The writer whose book is popular is coming to our school.)
2.1 关系代词
时间状语: There was a time when I was really happy.
when: 指代时间,在从句中作时间状语。(e.g., I remember the day when we first met.)
地点状语: The park where we play is near my home.
注意介词的用法: The house in which he lives is very old. (等同于where)
where: 指代地点,在从句中作地点状语。(e.g., This is the city where I grew up.)
原因状语: That is the reason why she is sad.
why: 指代原因,在从句中作原因状语。(e.g., I don't know the reason why he left.)
2.2 关系副词
二、关系词
定义: 对先行词起限定作用,去掉后句子意思不完整或改变。
必须紧跟先行词,不能用逗号隔开。
关系代词that在作宾语时可以省略。
引导词不能是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
用法:
示例: The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (书籍限定为“我从图书馆借的那本”)
三、限定性定语从句
定义: 对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后句子意思仍然完整。
与先行词之间用逗号隔开。
关系代词不能用that,指人只能用who或whom,指物只能用which。
关系代词不能省略。
可以修饰整个句子,此时只能用which,并且which在从句中作主语。
用法:
示例: My brother, who is a doctor, works in a hospital. (补充说明“我的哥哥是医生”)
修饰整个句子: He failed the exam, which made his parents sad.
四、非限定性定语从句
关系词的选择: 根据先行词的指代对象和在从句中所充当的成分选择合适的关系词。
介词的用法: 注意关系代词前介词的用法,特别是与地点和时间相关的介词。 (e.g., the house in which he lives)
语序: 关系代词或关系副词通常位于从句的开头。
逻辑: 确保从句的逻辑关系清晰,避免产生歧义。
五、注意事项
关系词选择错误: 例如,用which指代人,或用who指代物。
省略不该省略的关系词: 在非限定性定语从句中省略关系代词。
缺少必要的介词: 在关系代词前忘记添加介词。
语序错误: 颠倒关系词和先行词的顺序。
混淆限定性和非限定性定语从句: 错误地使用逗号,或者在非限定性定语从句中使用that。
六、常见错误与纠正
完成定语从句填空练习,巩固关系词的用法。
分析句子结构,判断定语从句的类型。
尝试自己编写包含定语从句的句子,提高运用能力。
阅读英语文章,识别并分析其中的定语从句。
七、练习与巩固
《定语从句思维导图》
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
上一个主题: 西游记思维导图 下一个主题: 七年级下册历史思维导图

相关思维导图推荐

分享思维导图