状语从句思维导图

# 《状语从句思维导图》

## 1. 时间状语从句

### 1.1 引导词

*   **when:** 当...的时候
    *   When I was young, I used to play in the river.
*   **while:** 当...的时候 (强调同时进行)
    *   While I was reading, he was watching TV.
*   **as:** 当...的时候 (表示动作几乎同时发生)
    *   As I opened the door, the phone rang.
*   **since:** 自从...以来
    *   Since I moved here, I've been much happier.
*   **until/till:** 直到...为止
    *   I will wait until you arrive.
*   **before:** 在...之前
    *   Please call me before you leave.
*   **after:** 在...之后
    *   After I finish my work, I'll go out.
*   **as soon as:** 一...就...
    *   As soon as I saw him, I recognized him.
*   **no sooner...than...:** 一...就... (倒装)
    *   No sooner had I arrived than it started to rain.
*   **hardly/scarcely...when...:** 一...就... (倒装)
    *   Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang.
*   **the moment/the minute/the instant/every time/each time:** 每当...
    *   The moment I saw her, I knew she was the one.
*   **once:** 一旦...
    *   Once you start, you can't stop.
*   **whenever:** 每当...
    *   Whenever I feel sad, I listen to music.

### 1.2 时态

*   **主将从现:** 主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时/现在完成时
    *   I will call you when I arrive. (将来时)
    *   I will call you when I have arrived. (现在完成时)
*   **主过从过:** 主句用过去时，从句用过去时/过去完成时
    *   I called him after I had finished my work. (过去完成时)
    *   I called him after I finished my work. (过去时, 表示时间相差很短)

## 2. 地点状语从句

### 2.1 引导词

*   **where:** 在...地方
    *   You can sit where you like.
*   **wherever:** 无论在哪里
    *   Wherever you go, I will follow you.

## 3. 原因状语从句

### 3.1 引导词

*   **because:** 因为
    *   I'm late because I missed the bus.
*   **as:** 因为
    *   As it was raining, we stayed at home.
*   **since:** 因为 (语气较弱)
    *   Since you're going out, can you buy some milk?
*   **seeing that:** 鉴于...
    *   Seeing that the weather is bad, we should postpone the trip.
*   **now that:** 既然...
    *   Now that you're here, let's start the meeting.
*   **in that:** 因为 (较正式)
    *   The experiment was successful in that it proved the hypothesis.
*   **considering that:** 考虑到...
    *   Considering that he's only a beginner, he's doing very well.

## 4. 目的状语从句

### 4.1 引导词

*   **so that:** 为了...
    *   I study hard so that I can get good grades.
*   **in order that:** 为了... (较正式)
    *   I study hard in order that I can get good grades.
*   **lest:** 以免... (虚拟语气)
    *   He locked the door lest someone should break in.
*   **for fear that:** 以免... (虚拟语气)
    *   He locked the door for fear that someone should break in.

### 4.2 虚拟语气

*   从句中常用情态动词should/might + 动词原形

## 5. 结果状语从句

### 5.1 引导词

*   **so...that:** 如此...以至于...
    *   It was so cold that I couldn't feel my fingers.
*   **such...that:** 如此...以至于...
    *   It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the park.

## 6. 条件状语从句

### 6.1 引导词

*   **if:** 如果
    *   If it rains, I will stay at home.
*   **unless:** 除非
    *   I won't go unless you come with me. (等同于：if you don't come with me)
*   **as long as:** 只要
    *   You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.
*   **so long as:** 只要
    *   You can borrow my car so long as you drive carefully.
*   **on condition that:** 在...条件下
    *   I will help you on condition that you tell me the truth.
*   **provided/providing (that):** 如果
    *   Provided that you work hard, you will succeed.
*   **suppose/supposing (that):** 假如
    *   Suppose it rains, what will we do?
*   **in case:** 以防万一
    *   Take an umbrella in case it rains.

### 6.2 虚拟语气

*   **与将来事实相反:** If + 主语 + were to do / should do, 主语 + would/should/could/might + do
    *   If I were to win the lottery, I would travel the world.
*   **与现在事实相反:** If + 主语 + 动词过去式 (be动词用were), 主语 + would/should/could/might + do
    *   If I knew his number, I would call him.
*   **与过去事实相反:** If + 主语 + had done, 主语 + would/should/could/might + have done
    *   If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

## 7. 让步状语从句

### 7.1 引导词

*   **though/although:** 虽然
    *   Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
*   **even though/even if:** 即使
    *   Even though I was tired, I finished the work.
*   **while:** 虽然 (置于句首，语气较弱)
    *   While I agree with your point, I have some reservations.
*   **as:** 虽然 (倒装)
    *   Young as he is, he is very wise. (等同于：Though he is young, he is very wise.)
*   **no matter + who/what/which/when/where/how:** 无论
    *   No matter what you say, I won't believe you.
*   **whoever/whatever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however:** 无论
    *   However tired I am, I always try to smile.

### 7.2 倒装

*   形容词/副词/名词 + as/though + 主语 + 谓语

## 8. 方式状语从句

### 8.1 引导词

*   **as:** 像...一样
    *   Do as I say.
*   **as if/as though:** 仿佛
    *   He acted as if he knew everything.
*   **the way:** 以...的方式
    *   He does things the way his father does.

## 9. 比较状语从句

### 9.1 引导词

*   **than:** 比
    *   He is taller than I am.
*   **as...as:** 和...一样
    *   He is as tall as I am.
*   **not so/as...as:** 不像...一样
    *   He is not so tall as I am.
*   **the more..., the more...:** 越...，越...
    *   The more you practice, the better you become.

## 10. 注意事项

*   状语从句可以放在句首或句尾，放在句首时通常用逗号隔开。
*   避免不必要的重复，可以省略从句中与主句重复的部分。
*   注意引导词的选择，不同的引导词表达不同的含义。
*   注意时态的搭配，特别是时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
*   区分相似的引导词，例如because, as, since 的细微差别。
*   练习辨析状语从句和其他从句（例如：定语从句，名词性从句）。

《状语从句思维导图》

1. 时间状语从句

1.1 引导词

when: 当...的时候
- When I was young, I used to play in the river.
while: 当...的时候 (强调同时进行)
- While I was reading, he was watching TV.
as: 当...的时候 (表示动作几乎同时发生)
- As I opened the door, the phone rang.
since: 自从...以来
- Since I moved here, I've been much happier.
until/till: 直到...为止
- I will wait until you arrive.
before: 在...之前
- Please call me before you leave.
after: 在...之后
- After I finish my work, I'll go out.
as soon as: 一...就...
- As soon as I saw him, I recognized him.
no sooner...than...: 一...就... (倒装)
- No sooner had I arrived than it started to rain.
hardly/scarcely...when...: 一...就... (倒装)
- Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang.
the moment/the minute/the instant/every time/each time: 每当...
- The moment I saw her, I knew she was the one.
once: 一旦...
- Once you start, you can't stop.
whenever: 每当...
- Whenever I feel sad, I listen to music.

1.2 时态

主将从现: 主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时/现在完成时
- I will call you when I arrive. (将来时)
- I will call you when I have arrived. (现在完成时)
主过从过: 主句用过去时，从句用过去时/过去完成时
- I called him after I had finished my work. (过去完成时)
- I called him after I finished my work. (过去时, 表示时间相差很短)

2. 地点状语从句

2.1 引导词

where: 在...地方
- You can sit where you like.
wherever: 无论在哪里
- Wherever you go, I will follow you.

3. 原因状语从句

3.1 引导词

because: 因为
- I'm late because I missed the bus.
as: 因为
- As it was raining, we stayed at home.
since: 因为 (语气较弱)
- Since you're going out, can you buy some milk?
seeing that: 鉴于...
- Seeing that the weather is bad, we should postpone the trip.
now that: 既然...
- Now that you're here, let's start the meeting.
in that: 因为 (较正式)
- The experiment was successful in that it proved the hypothesis.
considering that: 考虑到...
- Considering that he's only a beginner, he's doing very well.

4. 目的状语从句

4.1 引导词

so that: 为了...
- I study hard so that I can get good grades.
in order that: 为了... (较正式)
- I study hard in order that I can get good grades.
lest: 以免... (虚拟语气)
- He locked the door lest someone should break in.
for fear that: 以免... (虚拟语气)
- He locked the door for fear that someone should break in.

4.2 虚拟语气

从句中常用情态动词should/might + 动词原形

5. 结果状语从句

5.1 引导词

so...that: 如此...以至于...
- It was so cold that I couldn't feel my fingers.
such...that: 如此...以至于...
- It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the park.

6. 条件状语从句

6.1 引导词

if: 如果
- If it rains, I will stay at home.
unless: 除非
- I won't go unless you come with me. (等同于：if you don't come with me)
as long as: 只要
- You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.
so long as: 只要
- You can borrow my car so long as you drive carefully.
on condition that: 在...条件下
- I will help you on condition that you tell me the truth.
provided/providing (that): 如果
- Provided that you work hard, you will succeed.
suppose/supposing (that): 假如
- Suppose it rains, what will we do?
in case: 以防万一
- Take an umbrella in case it rains.

6.2 虚拟语气

与将来事实相反: If + 主语 + were to do / should do, 主语 + would/should/could/might + do
- If I were to win the lottery, I would travel the world.
与现在事实相反: If + 主语 + 动词过去式 (be动词用were), 主语 + would/should/could/might + do
- If I knew his number, I would call him.
与过去事实相反: If + 主语 + had done, 主语 + would/should/could/might + have done
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

7. 让步状语从句

7.1 引导词

though/although: 虽然
- Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
even though/even if: 即使
- Even though I was tired, I finished the work.
while: 虽然 (置于句首，语气较弱)
- While I agree with your point, I have some reservations.
as: 虽然 (倒装)
- Young as he is, he is very wise. (等同于：Though he is young, he is very wise.)
no matter + who/what/which/when/where/how: 无论
- No matter what you say, I won't believe you.
whoever/whatever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however: 无论
- However tired I am, I always try to smile.

7.2 倒装

形容词/副词/名词 + as/though + 主语 + 谓语

8. 方式状语从句

8.1 引导词

as: 像...一样
- Do as I say.
as if/as though: 仿佛
- He acted as if he knew everything.
the way: 以...的方式
- He does things the way his father does.

9. 比较状语从句

9.1 引导词

than: 比
- He is taller than I am.
as...as: 和...一样
- He is as tall as I am.
not so/as...as: 不像...一样
- He is not so tall as I am.
the more..., the more...: 越...，越...
- The more you practice, the better you become.

10. 注意事项

状语从句可以放在句首或句尾，放在句首时通常用逗号隔开。
避免不必要的重复，可以省略从句中与主句重复的部分。
注意引导词的选择，不同的引导词表达不同的含义。
注意时态的搭配，特别是时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
区分相似的引导词，例如because, as, since 的细微差别。
练习辨析状语从句和其他从句（例如：定语从句，名词性从句）。

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