《英语春节思维导图A3》

中心主题: Chinese New Year / Spring Festival

I. Preparation (准备阶段)

• A. Pre-Festival Activities (节前活动)
  • 1. Shopping (购物)
       • a. New Year's Goods (年货):
       • i. Food (食物): snacks (零食), candies (糖果), nuts (坚果), dried fruits (干果), ingredients for New Year's Eve dinner (年夜饭食材)
       • ii. Decorations (装饰品): red lanterns (红灯笼), couplets (对联), paper cuttings (剪纸), New Year pictures (年画), Chinese knots (中国结)
       • iii. Clothes (衣服): new clothes (新衣服), often red (通常是红色)
       • b. Gifts (礼物): for family members (给家人的礼物), for friends (给朋友的礼物), red envelopes (红包)
  • 2. Cleaning (大扫除)
       • a. Thorough cleaning (彻底打扫): sweeping (扫地), dusting (擦灰), washing (清洗)
       • b. Symbolism (象征意义): sweeping away bad luck (扫除霉运), welcoming good luck (迎接好运)
  • 3. Decorating (装饰)
       • a. Hanging decorations (悬挂装饰品): lanterns (灯笼), couplets (对联), paper cuttings (剪纸)
       • b. Placing decorations (放置装饰品): New Year pictures (年画), potted plants (盆栽)
  • 4. Making Offerings (祭祀)
       • a. Ancestor worship (祭拜祖先): offering food and incense (供奉食物和香)
       • b. Paying respects to deities (尊敬神灵): praying for good fortune (祈求好运)
  • 5. Writing Couplets (写对联)
       • a. Traditional verses (传统诗句): expressing good wishes (表达美好祝愿)
       • b. Calligraphy (书法): often written in elegant calligraphy (通常用优雅的书法书写)
  • 6. Preparing Red Envelopes (准备红包)
       • a. Filled with money (装满钱): for children (给孩子), for unmarried adults (给未婚成年人), for elderly relatives (给年长的亲戚)
       • b. Symbolism (象征意义): wishing good luck and prosperity (祝愿好运和繁荣)
• B. New Year's Eve (除夕)
  • 1. Family Reunion Dinner (年夜饭)
       • a. Importance of family (家庭的重要性): gathering with family members (与家人团聚)
       • b. Traditional dishes (传统菜肴): dumplings (饺子), fish (鱼), spring rolls (春卷), noodles (面条), glutinous rice cake (年糕)
       • c. Symbolic meanings (象征意义): each dish represents a different wish (每道菜代表不同的愿望)
  • 2. Watching the Spring Festival Gala (看春晚)
       • a. CCTV's annual show (央视年度节目): a variety show with performances (包含各种表演的综艺节目)
       • b. A national tradition (国家传统): watched by millions of people (数百万观众观看)
  • 3. Setting off Fireworks (放鞭炮)
       • a. Scaring away evil spirits (驱赶邪灵): loud noises are believed to ward off bad luck (大声噪音被认为可以驱赶霉运)
       • b. Celebrating the new year (庆祝新年): adding to the festive atmosphere (增添节日气氛)
  • 4. Staying Up Late (守岁)
       • a. Welcoming the new year (迎接新年): staying awake until midnight (熬夜到午夜)
       • b. Wishing longevity for parents (为父母祈福长寿)

II. Celebration (庆祝阶段)

• A. New Year's Day (春节/正月初一)
  • 1. Visiting Relatives and Friends (拜年)
       • a. Exchanging greetings (互致问候): wishing good luck and prosperity (祝愿好运和繁荣)
       • b. Giving and receiving red envelopes (赠送和接收红包)
  • 2. Wearing New Clothes (穿新衣)
       • a. Symbolism (象征意义): starting the new year fresh (以崭新的面貌迎接新年)
       • b. Often red in color (通常是红色): for good luck (为了好运)
  • 3. Eating Auspicious Foods (吃吉祥食物)
       • a. Foods with symbolic meanings (具有象征意义的食物): dumplings (饺子), oranges (橘子), tangerines (柑橘)
  • 4. Lion and Dragon Dances (舞龙舞狮)
       • a. Traditional performances (传统表演): bringing good luck and warding off evil (带来好运并驱除邪恶)
       • b. Accompanied by music and drums (伴随着音乐和鼓声)
• B. Activities During the Festival (节日期间的活动)
  • 1. Visiting Temples (逛庙会)
       • a. Religious activities (宗教活动): praying for blessings (祈求祝福)
       • b. Cultural performances (文化表演): opera (戏曲), folk dances (民间舞蹈)
       • c. Food stalls and games (小吃摊和游戏)
  • 2. Playing Mahjong (打麻将)
       • a. A popular pastime (一种流行的消遣方式): especially during the festival (尤其是在节日期间)
       • b. Socializing and gambling (社交和赌博)
  • 3. Watching Fireworks Displays (看烟花表演)
       • a. Spectacular displays (壮观的表演): lighting up the night sky (照亮夜空)
  • 4. Visiting Parks and Gardens (逛公园)
       • a. Enjoying the spring weather (享受春天的天气)
       • b. Picnics and outdoor activities (野餐和户外活动)
  • 5. Lantern Festival (元宵节)
       • a. Marks the end of the Spring Festival (标志着春节的结束)
       • b. Lantern displays (花灯展览): elaborate and colorful lanterns (精致而色彩缤纷的灯笼)
       • c. Eating tangyuan (吃汤圆): sweet glutinous rice balls (甜糯米球)
       • d. Solving lantern riddles (猜灯谜): a traditional game (一种传统游戏)

III. Traditions & Customs (传统与习俗)

• A. Red Envelopes (红包)
  • 1. Giving money to children and unmarried adults (给孩子和未婚成年人钱)
  • 2. Symbolizing good luck and prosperity (象征好运和繁荣)
  • 3. Digital red envelopes (电子红包): increasingly popular (越来越受欢迎)
• B. Family Reunion (家庭团聚)
  • 1. The most important aspect of the festival (节日最重要的方面)
  • 2. Traveling long distances to be with family (长途跋涉与家人团聚)
• C. Respect for Elders (尊敬长辈)
  • 1. Showing filial piety (孝顺)
  • 2. Visiting and offering gifts (拜访并赠送礼物)
• D. Superstitions (迷信)
  • 1. Avoiding certain activities (避免某些活动): sweeping the floor on New Year's Day (正月初一扫地)
  • 2. Saying auspicious phrases (说吉祥话): wishing good luck (祝愿好运)
• E. Zodiac Animals (生肖)
  • 1. Each year is associated with an animal (每一年都与一种动物相关联)
  • 2. 12-year cycle (12年周期)
  • 3. People born in that year are said to have the characteristics of that animal (据说在那一年出生的人具有该动物的特征)

IV. Vocabulary (词汇)

• A. Greetings (问候语)
  • 1. Happy New Year (新年快乐): Xīn nián kuài lè
  • 2. Wishing you good fortune (恭喜发财): Gōng xǐ fā cái
  • 3. May all your wishes come true (万事如意): Wàn shì rú yì
• B. Food (食物)
  • 1. Dumplings (饺子): Jiǎo zi
  • 2. Spring rolls (春卷): Chūn juǎn
  • 3. Fish (鱼): Yú
  • 4. Glutinous rice cake (年糕): Nián gāo
  • 5. Tangerine (橘子): Jú zi
• C. Decorations (装饰品)
  • 1. Lanterns (灯笼): Dēng long
  • 2. Couplets (对联): Duì lián
  • 3. Paper cuttings (剪纸): Jiǎn zhǐ
• D. Activities (活动)
  • 1. Fireworks (烟花): Yān huā
  • 2. Dragon dance (舞龙): Wǔ lóng
  • 3. Lion dance (舞狮): Wǔ shī
• E. Other Related Terms (其他相关术语)
  • 1. Spring Festival Gala (春节联欢晚会): Chūn jié lián huān wǎn huì
  • 2. Red envelope (红包): Hóng bāo
  • 3. Ancestor worship (祭祖): Jì zǔ
  • 4. Lunar calendar (农历): Nóng lì

V. Cultural Significance (文化意义)

• A. Preservation of Traditions (传统保护)
  • 1. Passing down customs to future generations (将习俗传承给后代)
  • 2. Maintaining cultural identity (维护文化认同)
• B. Importance of Family and Community (家庭和社区的重要性)
  • 1. Strengthening bonds between family members (加强家庭成员之间的联系)
  • 2. Building a sense of community (建立社区意识)
• C. A Time for Reflection and Renewal (反思和更新的时刻)
  • 1. Looking back on the past year (回顾过去的一年)
  • 2. Setting goals for the future (为未来设定目标)
• D. A Symbol of Unity and Harmony (团结和谐的象征)
  • 1. Bringing people together from all walks of life (将各行各业的人们聚集在一起)
  • 2. Promoting peace and prosperity (促进和平与繁荣)