《国内外节日英语思维导图六年级上册》

中心主题: Holidays and Festivals (节日)

I. 节日分类 (Classification)

• A. 按地域 (By Region)

  • 1. Domestic (国内)
       • a. 传统节日 (Traditional Festivals)
       • i. 春节 (Spring Festival/Chinese New Year)
         • 活动 (Activities): Reunion dinner (团圆饭), Red envelopes (红包), Lion dance (舞狮), Dragon dance (舞龙), Fireworks (烟花), Temple fairs (庙会)
         • 食物 (Food): Dumplings (饺子), Spring rolls (春卷), Nian Gao (年糕), Tangerines (橘子)
         • 日期 (Date): Lunar calendar, usually January or February.
       • ii. 元宵节 (Lantern Festival)
         • 活动 (Activities): Lanterns (灯笼), Riddle solving (猜灯谜), Eating Tangyuan (吃汤圆), Dragon dance (舞龙)
         • 食物 (Food): Tangyuan (汤圆)
         • 日期 (Date): 15th day of the first lunar month
       • iii. 端午节 (Dragon Boat Festival)
         • 活动 (Activities): Dragon boat racing (赛龙舟), Eating Zongzi (吃粽子), Hanging Calamus and Mugwort (挂菖蒲和艾草)
         • 食物 (Food): Zongzi (粽子)
         • 日期 (Date): 5th day of the 5th lunar month
       • iv. 中秋节 (Mid-Autumn Festival)
         • 活动 (Activities): Moon gazing (赏月), Eating mooncakes (吃月饼), Family reunion (家庭团聚)
         • 食物 (Food): Mooncakes (月饼), Pomelos (柚子)
         • 日期 (Date): 15th day of the 8th lunar month
       • v. 国庆节 (National Day)
         • 活动 (Activities): Military parade (阅兵式), Flag raising (升旗仪式), Fireworks (烟花)
         • 日期 (Date): October 1st
       • b. 近代节日 (Modern Festivals)
       • i. 劳动节 (Labor Day)
         • 日期 (Date): May 1st
       • ii. 教师节 (Teacher's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): September 10th
       • iii. 儿童节 (Children's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): June 1st
  • 2. International (国际)
       • a. 主要节日 (Major Festivals)
       • i. 圣诞节 (Christmas)
         • 活动 (Activities): Decorating Christmas trees (装饰圣诞树), Giving gifts (赠送礼物), Singing carols (唱颂歌), Visiting Santa Claus (拜访圣诞老人)
         • 食物 (Food): Christmas dinner (圣诞晚餐), Turkey (火鸡), Christmas pudding (圣诞布丁), Candy canes (拐杖糖)
         • 日期 (Date): December 25th
       • ii. 感恩节 (Thanksgiving)
         • 活动 (Activities): Family gathering (家庭聚会), Giving thanks (感恩), Watching parades (观看游行)
         • 食物 (Food): Turkey (火鸡), Pumpkin pie (南瓜派), Cranberry sauce (蔓越莓酱)
         • 日期 (Date): Fourth Thursday of November (美国)
       • iii. 新年 (New Year's Day)
         • 活动 (Activities): Parties (聚会), Fireworks (烟花), New Year's resolutions (新年决心)
         • 日期 (Date): January 1st
       • iv. 万圣节 (Halloween)
         • 活动 (Activities): Trick-or-treating (不给糖就捣蛋), Wearing costumes (穿服装), Carving pumpkins (雕刻南瓜), Haunted houses (鬼屋)
         • 食物 (Food): Candy (糖果), Caramel apples (焦糖苹果)
         • 日期 (Date): October 31st
       • b. 其他节日 (Other Festivals)
       • i. 情人节 (Valentine's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): February 14th
       • ii. 愚人节 (April Fool's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): April 1st
       • iii. 母亲节 (Mother's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): Second Sunday in May
       • iv. 父亲节 (Father's Day)
         • 日期 (Date): Third Sunday in June

• B. 按性质 (By Nature)

  • 1. 宗教节日 (Religious Festivals): Christmas, Easter (复活节)
  • 2. 文化节日 (Cultural Festivals): Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival
  • 3. 政治节日 (Political Festivals): National Day, Labor Day
  • 4. 商业节日 (Commercial Festivals): Valentine's Day, Halloween (increasingly commercialized)

II. 节日相关词汇 (Vocabulary)

• A. 活动 (Activities)
  • Celebrate (庆祝), Party (聚会), Parade (游行), Fireworks (烟花), Gift-giving (赠送礼物), Family reunion (家庭团聚), Religious services (宗教仪式), Performances (表演), Games (游戏)
• B. 食物 (Food)
  • Traditional foods (传统食物), Special dishes (特色菜), Sweets (糖果), Desserts (甜点), Drinks (饮料)
• C. 装饰 (Decorations)
  • Lanterns (灯笼), Christmas tree (圣诞树), Ornaments (装饰品), Flowers (花), Lights (灯), Banners (横幅), Flags (旗帜)
• D. 服饰 (Costumes)
  • Traditional clothing (传统服装), Costumes (服装), Masks (面具)
• E. 情感表达 (Expressions)
  • Happy [Festival Name]! (节日快乐！), Wishing you a happy [Festival Name]! (祝你节日快乐！), Merry Christmas! (圣诞快乐!), Happy New Year! (新年快乐!), Thank you! (谢谢!)

III. 文化对比 (Cultural Comparison)

• A. 中国节日 vs. 西方节日 (Chinese Festivals vs. Western Festivals)

  • 1. 家庭观念 (Family Values): Both Chinese and Western festivals emphasize family gatherings, but the specific traditions and rituals differ. Spring Festival focuses on multi-generational families reuniting, while Thanksgiving in America centers on expressing gratitude with immediate family.
  • 2. 宗教影响 (Religious Influence): Some Western festivals, like Christmas and Easter, have strong religious roots. Chinese festivals, while rooted in tradition, are often less explicitly religious, emphasizing cultural and historical significance.
  • 3. 庆祝方式 (Celebration Styles): Chinese festivals often involve elaborate feasts, traditional performances, and symbolic decorations. Western festivals may feature gift-giving, themed parties, and specific foods associated with the holiday.
  • 4. 表达方式 (Expressions of Emotion): While both cultures express joy and celebration, the specific customs vary. Red envelopes in China symbolize good luck, while gifts in Western cultures represent affection and appreciation.

• B. 节日差异 (Festival Differences)

  • Example: Comparing the Mid-Autumn Festival (China) and Thanksgiving (USA)
    • Mid-Autumn Festival: Celebrates harvest and family reunion, mooncakes, moon gazing.
    • Thanksgiving: Expresses gratitude for the year's blessings, turkey, family gathering.

IV. 拓展活动 (Extension Activities)

• A. 小组讨论 (Group Discussion): Discuss favorite festivals and why.
• B. 角色扮演 (Role-Playing): Act out scenes from different festivals.
• C. 手工制作 (Craft Projects): Make lanterns, Christmas cards, or other festival-related crafts.
• D. 写作练习 (Writing Exercises): Write about personal experiences celebrating festivals.
• E. 节日歌曲 (Festival Songs): Learn and sing songs associated with different festivals.
• F. 节日食物烹饪 (Festival Food Cooking): Learn how to prepare simple dishes associated with different festivals (e.g., making dumplings).