英语二十四节气思维导图
《英语二十四节气思维导图》
中心主题: Solar Terms (二十四节气)
I. Introduction (介绍)
- Definition: A system of solar terms that divides the year into 24 periods, reflecting changes in weather, agriculture, and phenology. (将一年分为 24 个时期的太阳术语系统，反映天气、农业和物候的变化。)
- Origin: Developed in ancient China based on the sun's position in the zodiac. (起源：古代中国根据太阳在黄道中的位置发展起来的。)
- Significance: Guidance for agriculture, festivals, and daily life. (意义：指导农业、节日和日常生活。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Solar calendar (阳历)
- Lunar calendar (阴历)
- Agriculture (农业)
- Phenology (物候学)
- Season (季节)
- Climate (气候)
- Weather (天气)
- Tradition (传统)
- Custom (习俗)
- UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage: Listed in 2016. (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产：2016年列入。)
II. The 24 Solar Terms (二十四节气)
A. Spring (春季)
- Beginning of Spring (立春 - Lìchūn):
- Date: Around February 4th.
- Meaning: Start of spring, plants begin to sprout. (春季开始，植物开始发芽。)
- Activities: Welcoming spring, preparing for planting. (迎接春天，准备种植。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Sprout (发芽)
- Planting (种植)
- Rejuvenation (复兴)
- Rain Water (雨水 - Yǔshuǐ):
- Date: Around February 19th.
- Meaning: Increase in rainfall, warming temperatures. (降雨增多，气温升高。)
- Activities: Watering crops, preventing spring drought. (浇灌农作物，预防春旱。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Rainfall (降雨量)
- Drought (干旱)
- Moisture (湿度)
- Awakening of Insects (惊蛰 - Jīngzhé):
- Date: Around March 5th.
- Meaning: Insects awaken from hibernation. (昆虫从冬眠中醒来。)
- Activities: Pest control, spring plowing. (病虫害防治，春耕。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Hibernation (冬眠)
- Pest (害虫)
- Plowing (耕作)
- Spring Equinox (春分 - Chūnfēn):
- Date: Around March 20th.
- Meaning: Equal day and night, midpoint of spring. (昼夜平分，春季中点。)
- Activities: Balancing eggs, going for spring outings. (竖鸡蛋，春游。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Equinox (昼夜平分点)
- Balance (平衡)
- Outing (郊游)
- Clear and Bright (清明 - Qīngmíng):
- Date: Around April 4th.
- Meaning: Clear skies, warmer weather. (晴朗的天空，温暖的天气。)
- Activities: Tomb sweeping, honoring ancestors. (扫墓，祭奠祖先。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Tomb (坟墓)
- Ancestor (祖先)
- Remembrance (纪念)
- Grain Rain (谷雨 - Gǔyǔ):
- Date: Around April 20th.
- Meaning: Rainfall is beneficial for grain growth. (降雨有利于谷物生长。)
- Activities: Planting crops, tea picking. (种植农作物，采茶。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Grain (谷物)
- Harvest (收获)
- Tea (茶)
B. Summer (夏季)
- Beginning of Summer (立夏 - Lìxià):
- Date: Around May 5th.
- Meaning: Start of summer, plants grow vigorously. (夏季开始，植物生长旺盛。)
- Activities: Eating eggs, weighing children. (吃鸡蛋，称体重。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Vigorously (旺盛地)
- Weight (体重)
- Energy (能量)
- Grain Full (小满 - Xiǎomǎn):
- Date: Around May 21st.
- Meaning: Grains begin to fill out but are not yet ripe. (谷物开始饱满，但尚未成熟。)
- Activities: Irrigation, preparing for harvest. (灌溉，准备收获。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Ripen (成熟)
- Irrigation (灌溉)
- Growth (生长)
- Grain in Ear (芒种 - Mángzhòng):
- Date: Around June 5th.
- Meaning: Ripe grains are harvested, late crops are planted. (成熟的谷物被收割，晚季作物被种植。)
- Activities: Harvesting wheat, planting rice. (收割小麦，种植水稻。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Wheat (小麦)
- Rice (水稻)
- Harvesting (收割)
- Summer Solstice (夏至 - Xiàzhì):
- Date: Around June 21st.
- Meaning: Longest day of the year. (一年中最长的一天。)
- Activities: Eating dumplings, enjoying the long day. (吃饺子，享受漫长的一天。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Solstice (至日)
- Daylight (日光)
- Duration (持续时间)
- Minor Heat (小暑 - Xiǎoshǔ):
- Date: Around July 7th.
- Meaning: Hot weather begins, but not the hottest. (炎热的天气开始，但不是最热的。)
- Activities: Cooling down, enjoying summer fruits. (降温，享用夏季水果。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Heatwave (热浪)
- Humidity (湿度)
- Refreshment (解暑品)
- Major Heat (大暑 - Dàshǔ):
- Date: Around July 22nd.
- Meaning: Hottest period of the year. (一年中最热的时期。)
- Activities: Staying cool, avoiding strenuous activities. (保持凉爽，避免剧烈活动。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Extreme (极端)
- Sunstroke (中暑)
- Hydration (补水)
C. Autumn (秋季)
- Beginning of Autumn (立秋 - Lìqiū):
- Date: Around August 7th.
- Meaning: Start of autumn, cooler weather begins. (秋季开始，天气开始转凉。)
- Activities: "Touching Autumn", eating watermelon. (“贴秋膘”，吃西瓜。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Cooler (凉爽的)
- Harvest (收获)
- Abundance (丰收)
- White Dew (处暑 - Chǔshǔ):
- Date: Around August 22nd.
- Meaning: Temperature starts to drop, dew forms. (温度开始下降，露水形成。)
- Activities: Enjoying the cooler weather, preparing for the harvest. (享受凉爽的天气，准备收获。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Dew (露水)
- Temperature (温度)
- Crisp (清脆的)
- White Dew (白露 - Báilù):
- Date: Around September 7th.
- Meaning: Dew becomes more noticeable, indicating cooler temperatures. (露水变得更加明显，表明温度较低。)
- Activities: Drinking white dew tea, eating pears. (喝白露茶，吃梨。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Noticeable (明显的)
- Tea ceremony (茶道)
- Moisturizing (滋润)
- Autumn Equinox (秋分 - Qiūfēn):
- Date: Around September 22nd.
- Meaning: Equal day and night, midpoint of autumn. (昼夜平分，秋季中点。)
- Activities: Eating crabs, enjoying the full moon. (吃螃蟹，赏月。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Crab (螃蟹)
- Full moon (满月)
- Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节)
- Cold Dew (寒露 - Hánlù):
- Date: Around October 8th.
- Meaning: Dew is cold, indicating colder weather. (露水寒冷，表明天气寒冷。)
- Activities: Eating sesame seeds, drinking chrysanthemum wine. (吃芝麻，喝菊花酒。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Sesame (芝麻)
- Chrysanthemum (菊花)
- Warmth (温暖)
- Frost's Descent (霜降 - Shuāngjiàng):
- Date: Around October 23rd.
- Meaning: First frost of the year, indicating winter is approaching. (一年中的第一次霜冻，表明冬天即将来临。)
- Activities: Eating persimmons, enjoying autumn foliage. (吃柿子，欣赏秋叶。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Frost (霜)
- Persimmon (柿子)
- Foliage (树叶)
D. Winter (冬季)
- Beginning of Winter (立冬 - Lìdōng):
- Date: Around November 7th.
- Meaning: Start of winter. (冬季开始。)
- Activities: Eating dumplings, nourishing the body. (吃饺子，滋补身体。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Hibernate (冬眠)
- Warmth (温暖)
- Nutrition (营养)
- Minor Snow (小雪 - Xiǎoxuě):
- Date: Around November 22nd.
- Meaning: First snow of the year. (一年中的第一场雪。)
- Activities: Enjoying the snow, preparing for winter. (欣赏雪景，准备过冬。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Snowflake (雪花)
- Winter clothing (冬装)
- Protection (保护)
- Major Snow (大雪 - Dàxuě):
- Date: Around December 7th.
- Meaning: Heavy snowfall. (大雪。)
- Activities: Appreciating the snow-covered landscape, staying warm. (欣赏雪景，保暖。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Blizzard (暴风雪)
- Insulation (隔热)
- Safety (安全)
- Winter Solstice (冬至 - Dōngzhì):
- Date: Around December 21st.
- Meaning: Shortest day of the year. (一年中最短的一天。)
- Activities: Eating dumplings or tangyuan (glutinous rice balls). (吃饺子或汤圆。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Tangyuan (汤圆)
- Tradition (传统)
- Family reunion (家庭团聚)
- Minor Cold (小寒 - Xiǎohán):
- Date: Around January 5th.
- Meaning: Cold weather intensifies. (寒冷的天气加剧。)
- Activities: Staying warm, eating nourishing foods. (保暖，吃滋补食物。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Hypothermia (体温过低)
- Immunity (免疫力)
- Warmth (温暖)
- Major Cold (大寒 - Dàhán):
- Date: Around January 20th.
- Meaning: Coldest period of the year. (一年中最冷的时期。)
- Activities: Staying indoors, protecting from the cold. (呆在室内，防寒。)
- Related Vocabulary:
- Frigid (寒冷的)
- Prevention (预防)
- Comfort (舒适)
III. Cultural Significance (文化意义)
- Festivals: Many traditional festivals are related to solar terms. (许多传统节日都与节气有关。)
- Proverbs: Many proverbs are based on solar terms, reflecting agricultural wisdom. (许多谚语都基于节气，反映了农业智慧。)
- Art and Literature: Solar terms are often depicted in art and literature. (节气经常出现在艺术和文学作品中。)
- Cuisine: Seasonal foods are associated with specific solar terms. (季节性食物与特定的节气相关。)
IV. Modern Relevance (现代意义)
- Weather Forecasting: Solar terms still provide a useful framework for understanding weather patterns. (节气仍然为理解天气模式提供了一个有用的框架。)
- Sustainable Agriculture: Understanding solar terms can help farmers practice sustainable agriculture. (了解节气可以帮助农民进行可持续农业。)
- Environmental Awareness: Solar terms raise awareness about the changing seasons and the environment. (节气提高了人们对季节变化和环境的认识。)
- Tourism: Promoting eco-tourism based on solar terms. (促进基于节气的生态旅游。)
V. Conclusion (结论)
- The 24 solar terms are a valuable part of Chinese culture and continue to be relevant in modern times. (二十四节气是中国文化的重要组成部分，在现代仍然具有重要意义。)
- Understanding the solar terms can enhance our appreciation of nature and our connection to the environment. (了解节气可以增强我们对自然的欣赏以及与环境的联系。)
