英语二十四节气思维导图

# 《英语二十四节气思维导图》 ## 中心主题: Solar Terms (二十四节气) ### I. Introduction (介绍) * Definition: A system of solar terms that divides the year into 24 periods, reflecting changes in weather, agriculture, and phenology. (将一年分为 24 个时期的太阳术语系统，反映天气、农业和物候的变化。) * Origin: Developed in ancient China based on the sun's position in the zodiac. (起源：古代中国根据太阳在黄道中的位置发展起来的。) * Significance: Guidance for agriculture, festivals, and daily life. (意义：指导农业、节日和日常生活。) * Related Vocabulary: * Solar calendar (阳历) * Lunar calendar (阴历) * Agriculture (农业) * Phenology (物候学) * Season (季节) * Climate (气候) * Weather (天气) * Tradition (传统) * Custom (习俗) * UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage: Listed in 2016. (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产：2016年列入。) ### II. The 24 Solar Terms (二十四节气) #### A. Spring (春季) 1. **Beginning of Spring (立春 - Lìchūn):** * Date: Around February 4th. * Meaning: Start of spring, plants begin to sprout. (春季开始，植物开始发芽。) * Activities: Welcoming spring, preparing for planting. (迎接春天，准备种植。) * Related Vocabulary: * Sprout (发芽) * Planting (种植) * Rejuvenation (复兴) 2. **Rain Water (雨水 - Yǔshuǐ):** * Date: Around February 19th. * Meaning: Increase in rainfall, warming temperatures. (降雨增多，气温升高。) * Activities: Watering crops, preventing spring drought. (浇灌农作物，预防春旱。) * Related Vocabulary: * Rainfall (降雨量) * Drought (干旱) * Moisture (湿度) 3. **Awakening of Insects (惊蛰 - Jīngzhé):** * Date: Around March 5th. * Meaning: Insects awaken from hibernation. (昆虫从冬眠中醒来。) * Activities: Pest control, spring plowing. (病虫害防治，春耕。) * Related Vocabulary: * Hibernation (冬眠) * Pest (害虫) * Plowing (耕作) 4. **Spring Equinox (春分 - Chūnfēn):** * Date: Around March 20th. * Meaning: Equal day and night, midpoint of spring. (昼夜平分，春季中点。) * Activities: Balancing eggs, going for spring outings. (竖鸡蛋，春游。) * Related Vocabulary: * Equinox (昼夜平分点) * Balance (平衡) * Outing (郊游) 5. **Clear and Bright (清明 - Qīngmíng):** * Date: Around April 4th. * Meaning: Clear skies, warmer weather. (晴朗的天空，温暖的天气。) * Activities: Tomb sweeping, honoring ancestors. (扫墓，祭奠祖先。) * Related Vocabulary: * Tomb (坟墓) * Ancestor (祖先) * Remembrance (纪念) 6. **Grain Rain (谷雨 - Gǔyǔ):** * Date: Around April 20th. * Meaning: Rainfall is beneficial for grain growth. (降雨有利于谷物生长。) * Activities: Planting crops, tea picking. (种植农作物，采茶。) * Related Vocabulary: * Grain (谷物) * Harvest (收获) * Tea (茶) #### B. Summer (夏季) 1. **Beginning of Summer (立夏 - Lìxià):** * Date: Around May 5th. * Meaning: Start of summer, plants grow vigorously. (夏季开始，植物生长旺盛。) * Activities: Eating eggs, weighing children. (吃鸡蛋，称体重。) * Related Vocabulary: * Vigorously (旺盛地) * Weight (体重) * Energy (能量) 2. **Grain Full (小满 - Xiǎomǎn):** * Date: Around May 21st. * Meaning: Grains begin to fill out but are not yet ripe. (谷物开始饱满，但尚未成熟。) * Activities: Irrigation, preparing for harvest. (灌溉，准备收获。) * Related Vocabulary: * Ripen (成熟) * Irrigation (灌溉) * Growth (生长) 3. **Grain in Ear (芒种 - Mángzhòng):** * Date: Around June 5th. * Meaning: Ripe grains are harvested, late crops are planted. (成熟的谷物被收割，晚季作物被种植。) * Activities: Harvesting wheat, planting rice. (收割小麦，种植水稻。) * Related Vocabulary: * Wheat (小麦) * Rice (水稻) * Harvesting (收割) 4. **Summer Solstice (夏至 - Xiàzhì):** * Date: Around June 21st. * Meaning: Longest day of the year. (一年中最长的一天。) * Activities: Eating dumplings, enjoying the long day. (吃饺子，享受漫长的一天。) * Related Vocabulary: * Solstice (至日) * Daylight (日光) * Duration (持续时间) 5. **Minor Heat (小暑 - Xiǎoshǔ):** * Date: Around July 7th. * Meaning: Hot weather begins, but not the hottest. (炎热的天气开始，但不是最热的。) * Activities: Cooling down, enjoying summer fruits. (降温，享用夏季水果。) * Related Vocabulary: * Heatwave (热浪) * Humidity (湿度) * Refreshment (解暑品) 6. **Major Heat (大暑 - Dàshǔ):** * Date: Around July 22nd. * Meaning: Hottest period of the year. (一年中最热的时期。) * Activities: Staying cool, avoiding strenuous activities. (保持凉爽，避免剧烈活动。) * Related Vocabulary: * Extreme (极端) * Sunstroke (中暑) * Hydration (补水) #### C. Autumn (秋季) 1. **Beginning of Autumn (立秋 - Lìqiū):** * Date: Around August 7th. * Meaning: Start of autumn, cooler weather begins. (秋季开始，天气开始转凉。) * Activities: "Touching Autumn", eating watermelon. (“贴秋膘”，吃西瓜。) * Related Vocabulary: * Cooler (凉爽的) * Harvest (收获) * Abundance (丰收) 2. **White Dew (处暑 - Chǔshǔ):** * Date: Around August 22nd. * Meaning: Temperature starts to drop, dew forms. (温度开始下降，露水形成。) * Activities: Enjoying the cooler weather, preparing for the harvest. (享受凉爽的天气，准备收获。) * Related Vocabulary: * Dew (露水) * Temperature (温度) * Crisp (清脆的) 3. **White Dew (白露 - Báilù):** * Date: Around September 7th. * Meaning: Dew becomes more noticeable, indicating cooler temperatures. (露水变得更加明显，表明温度较低。) * Activities: Drinking white dew tea, eating pears. (喝白露茶，吃梨。) * Related Vocabulary: * Noticeable (明显的) * Tea ceremony (茶道) * Moisturizing (滋润) 4. **Autumn Equinox (秋分 - Qiūfēn):** * Date: Around September 22nd. * Meaning: Equal day and night, midpoint of autumn. (昼夜平分，秋季中点。) * Activities: Eating crabs, enjoying the full moon. (吃螃蟹，赏月。) * Related Vocabulary: * Crab (螃蟹) * Full moon (满月) * Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节) 5. **Cold Dew (寒露 - Hánlù):** * Date: Around October 8th. * Meaning: Dew is cold, indicating colder weather. (露水寒冷，表明天气寒冷。) * Activities: Eating sesame seeds, drinking chrysanthemum wine. (吃芝麻，喝菊花酒。) * Related Vocabulary: * Sesame (芝麻) * Chrysanthemum (菊花) * Warmth (温暖) 6. **Frost's Descent (霜降 - Shuāngjiàng):** * Date: Around October 23rd. * Meaning: First frost of the year, indicating winter is approaching. (一年中的第一次霜冻，表明冬天即将来临。) * Activities: Eating persimmons, enjoying autumn foliage. (吃柿子，欣赏秋叶。) * Related Vocabulary: * Frost (霜) * Persimmon (柿子) * Foliage (树叶) #### D. Winter (冬季) 1. **Beginning of Winter (立冬 - Lìdōng):** * Date: Around November 7th. * Meaning: Start of winter. (冬季开始。) * Activities: Eating dumplings, nourishing the body. (吃饺子，滋补身体。) * Related Vocabulary: * Hibernate (冬眠) * Warmth (温暖) * Nutrition (营养) 2. **Minor Snow (小雪 - Xiǎoxuě):** * Date: Around November 22nd. * Meaning: First snow of the year. (一年中的第一场雪。) * Activities: Enjoying the snow, preparing for winter. (欣赏雪景，准备过冬。) * Related Vocabulary: * Snowflake (雪花) * Winter clothing (冬装) * Protection (保护) 3. **Major Snow (大雪 - Dàxuě):** * Date: Around December 7th. * Meaning: Heavy snowfall. (大雪。) * Activities: Appreciating the snow-covered landscape, staying warm. (欣赏雪景，保暖。) * Related Vocabulary: * Blizzard (暴风雪) * Insulation (隔热) * Safety (安全) 4. **Winter Solstice (冬至 - Dōngzhì):** * Date: Around December 21st. * Meaning: Shortest day of the year. (一年中最短的一天。) * Activities: Eating dumplings or tangyuan (glutinous rice balls). (吃饺子或汤圆。) * Related Vocabulary: * Tangyuan (汤圆) * Tradition (传统) * Family reunion (家庭团聚) 5. **Minor Cold (小寒 - Xiǎohán):** * Date: Around January 5th. * Meaning: Cold weather intensifies. (寒冷的天气加剧。) * Activities: Staying warm, eating nourishing foods. (保暖，吃滋补食物。) * Related Vocabulary: * Hypothermia (体温过低) * Immunity (免疫力) * Warmth (温暖) 6. **Major Cold (大寒 - Dàhán):** * Date: Around January 20th. * Meaning: Coldest period of the year. (一年中最冷的时期。) * Activities: Staying indoors, protecting from the cold. (呆在室内，防寒。) * Related Vocabulary: * Frigid (寒冷的) * Prevention (预防) * Comfort (舒适) ### III. Cultural Significance (文化意义) * Festivals: Many traditional festivals are related to solar terms. (许多传统节日都与节气有关。) * Proverbs: Many proverbs are based on solar terms, reflecting agricultural wisdom. (许多谚语都基于节气，反映了农业智慧。) * Art and Literature: Solar terms are often depicted in art and literature. (节气经常出现在艺术和文学作品中。) * Cuisine: Seasonal foods are associated with specific solar terms. (季节性食物与特定的节气相关。) ### IV. Modern Relevance (现代意义) * Weather Forecasting: Solar terms still provide a useful framework for understanding weather patterns. (节气仍然为理解天气模式提供了一个有用的框架。) * Sustainable Agriculture: Understanding solar terms can help farmers practice sustainable agriculture. (了解节气可以帮助农民进行可持续农业。) * Environmental Awareness: Solar terms raise awareness about the changing seasons and the environment. (节气提高了人们对季节变化和环境的认识。) * Tourism: Promoting eco-tourism based on solar terms. (促进基于节气的生态旅游。) ### V. Conclusion (结论) * The 24 solar terms are a valuable part of Chinese culture and continue to be relevant in modern times. (二十四节气是中国文化的重要组成部分，在现代仍然具有重要意义。) * Understanding the solar terms can enhance our appreciation of nature and our connection to the environment. (了解节气可以增强我们对自然的欣赏以及与环境的联系。)

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