《五年级上册英语绘本第2课野生动物思维导图》

中心主题：Wild Animals (野生动物)

I. 动物分类 (Animal Classification)

• A. Mammals (哺乳动物)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Warm-blooded, have fur/hair, give birth to live young, and feed them milk. (恒温，有皮毛/头发，胎生，哺乳)
  • 2. Examples (例子):
       • a. Tiger (老虎): Powerful predator, stripes for camouflage. (强大的捕食者，条纹用于伪装)
       • b. Elephant (大象): Largest land animal, uses trunk for many things. (最大的陆地动物，用鼻子做很多事情)
       • c. Monkey (猴子): Agile climbers, intelligent and social. (敏捷的攀爬者，聪明且社交)
       • d. Bear (熊): Hibernates in winter, omnivorous. (冬天冬眠，杂食性)
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): fur, hair, milk, warm-blooded, trunk (皮毛，头发，奶，恒温，鼻子)

• B. Birds (鸟类)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Have feathers, wings, lay eggs, warm-blooded. (有羽毛，翅膀，下蛋，恒温)
  • 2. Examples (例子):
       • a. Parrot (鹦鹉): Colorful plumage, can mimic sounds. (色彩鲜艳的羽毛，可以模仿声音)
       • b. Eagle (鹰): Powerful bird of prey, sharp eyesight. (强大的猛禽，视力敏锐)
       • c. Penguin (企鹅): Flightless bird, lives in cold climates. (不会飞的鸟，生活在寒冷的气候)
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): feathers, wings, beak, fly, eggs (羽毛，翅膀，喙，飞行，蛋)

• C. Reptiles (爬行动物)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Cold-blooded, have scales, lay eggs. (冷血，有鳞片，下蛋)
  • 2. Examples (例子):
       • a. Crocodile (鳄鱼): Powerful jaws, lives in water and on land. (强大的下颚，生活在水里和陆地上)
       • b. Snake (蛇): No legs, moves by slithering. (没有腿，通过滑动移动)
       • c. Lizard (蜥蜴): Can regenerate tail, often small. (可以再生尾巴，通常很小)
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): scales, cold-blooded, slither, claws (鳞片，冷血，滑动，爪子)

• D. Amphibians (两栖动物)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Live in water and on land, smooth skin, need water to reproduce. (生活在水里和陆地上，光滑的皮肤，需要水来繁殖)
  • 2. Examples (例子):
       • a. Frog (青蛙): Jumps, eats insects. (跳跃，吃昆虫)
       • b. Salamander (蝾螈): Similar to lizards but with smooth skin. (类似于蜥蜴但皮肤光滑)
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): smooth skin, tadpole, metamorphosis (光滑的皮肤，蝌蚪，变态)

• E. Insects (昆虫)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Have six legs, three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), often have wings. (有六条腿，三个身体部分（头、胸、腹），通常有翅膀)
  • 2. Examples (例子):
       • a. Butterfly (蝴蝶): Beautiful wings, goes through metamorphosis. (美丽的翅膀，经历变态)
       • b. Bee (蜜蜂): Makes honey, pollinates flowers. (制造蜂蜜，给花朵授粉)
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): legs, wings, antenna, pollinate (腿，翅膀，触角，授粉)

II. 栖息地 (Habitats)

• A. Rainforest (热带雨林)

  • 1. Characteristics (特点): Hot and humid, high rainfall, many different species. (炎热潮湿，降雨量大，许多不同的物种)
  • 2. Animals (动物): Monkeys, parrots, snakes, tigers.
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): humid, rainfall, canopy, biodiversity (潮湿，降雨，树冠，生物多样性)

• B. Desert (沙漠)

  • 1. Characteristics (特点): Hot and dry, little rainfall, extreme temperatures. (炎热干燥，降雨量少，极端温度)
  • 2. Animals (动物): Camels, lizards, snakes, desert foxes.
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): arid, cactus, dunes, nocturnal (干旱，仙人掌，沙丘，夜间活动)

• C. Ocean (海洋)

  • 1. Characteristics (特点): Saltwater, vast and deep, many different ecosystems. (咸水，广阔而深邃，许多不同的生态系统)
  • 2. Animals (动物): Whales, dolphins, sharks, fish.
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): saltwater, coral reef, marine, ecosystem (咸水，珊瑚礁，海洋，生态系统)

• D. Grassland (草原)

  • 1. Characteristics (特点): Open area with grasses, few trees, moderate rainfall. (开放区域，有草，树木很少，降雨量适中)
  • 2. Animals (动物): Lions, zebras, elephants, giraffes.
  • 3. Key Vocabulary (关键词汇): savanna, prairie, graze, herd (热带稀树草原，大草原，放牧，兽群)

III. 动物行为 (Animal Behavior)

• A. Eating (饮食)

  • 1. Carnivore (食肉动物): Eats meat. (吃肉)
       • Example: Lion (狮子)
  • 2. Herbivore (食草动物): Eats plants. (吃植物)
       • Example: Elephant (大象)
  • 3. Omnivore (杂食动物): Eats both meat and plants. (既吃肉也吃植物)
       • Example: Bear (熊)
  • 4. Predator (捕食者): Hunts other animals for food. (捕猎其他动物为食)
       • Example: Tiger (老虎)
  • 5. Prey (猎物): Animal that is hunted by a predator. (被捕食者捕猎的动物)
       • Example: Zebra (斑马)

• B. Movement (移动)

  • 1. Fly (飞行): Birds, insects.
  • 2. Swim (游泳): Fish, dolphins, whales.
  • 3. Walk/Run (走/跑): Lions, elephants, tigers.
  • 4. Slither (滑动): Snakes.
  • 5. Jump (跳跃): Frogs, kangaroos.

• C. Communication (交流)

  • 1. Sounds (声音): Roaring, chirping, howling. (咆哮，啁啾，嚎叫)
  • 2. Body Language (肢体语言): Postures, facial expressions. (姿势，面部表情)
  • 3. Scent (气味): Marking territory. (标记领地)

IV. 保护 (Conservation)

• A. Endangered Species (濒危物种)

  • 1. Definition (定义): Species at risk of extinction. (面临灭绝风险的物种)
  • 2. Examples (例子): Tigers, elephants, pandas.
  • 3. Reasons (原因): Habitat loss, poaching, climate change. (栖息地丧失，偷猎，气候变化)

• B. Conservation Efforts (保护工作)

  • 1. Protecting Habitats (保护栖息地): Creating national parks and reserves. (建立国家公园和保护区)
  • 2. Anti-Poaching (反盗猎): Preventing illegal hunting. (防止非法狩猎)
  • 3. Captive Breeding Programs (圈养繁殖计划): Breeding endangered animals in zoos to increase populations. (在动物园繁殖濒危动物以增加数量)
  • 4. Raising Awareness (提高意识): Educating people about the importance of conservation. (教育人们关于保护的重要性)

• C. What You Can Do (你能做什么)

  • 1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (减少、再利用、回收).
  • 2. Support Conservation Organizations (支持保护组织).
  • 3. Learn More About Wildlife (更多地了解野生动物).
  • 4. Educate Others (教育他人).

V. 语法重点 (Grammar Focus)

• A. Adjectives (形容词): Describing animals (描述动物). Example: "The tiger is powerful."
• B. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives (比较级和最高级形容词): Comparing animals. Example: "The elephant is bigger than the lion." "The blue whale is the largest animal."
• C. Can/Can't (能/不能): Expressing animal abilities. Example: "A bird can fly." "A snake can't walk."