《一般将来时思维导图初二》

中心主题：一般将来时 (Future Simple)

I. 结构 (Form)

• A. 助动词 + 动词原形 (Auxiliary Verb + Base Form of Verb)
  • 1. will + 动词原形 (will + base form)
       • a. 肯定句 (Affirmative): S + will + V (base form) (例: I will go to the party.)
       • b. 否定句 (Negative): S + will + not + V (base form) (例: I will not go to the party. / I won't go to the party.)
       • c. 一般疑问句 (General Question): Will + S + V (base form)? (例: Will you go to the party?)
       • i. 肯定回答 (Affirmative Answer): Yes, I will.
       • ii. 否定回答 (Negative Answer): No, I will not. / No, I won't.
       • d. 特殊疑问句 (Wh-Question): Wh- + will + S + V (base form)? (例: Where will you go?)
  • 2. shall + 动词原形 (shall + base form) (正式场合，主要用于第一人称 I/We的疑问句，征求意见)
       • a. 例: Shall I open the window? Shall we dance?
• B. be going to + 动词原形 (be going to + base form)
  • 1. 结构 (Structure): S + am/is/are + going to + V (base form)
       • a. 肯定句 (Affirmative): I am going to study English. He is going to play football. We are going to visit the museum.
       • b. 否定句 (Negative): I am not going to study English. He is not going to play football. We are not going to visit the museum.
       • c. 一般疑问句 (General Question): Am I going to study English? Is he going to play football? Are we going to visit the museum?
       • i. 肯定回答 (Affirmative Answer): Yes, I am./Yes, he is./Yes, we are.
       • ii. 否定回答 (Negative Answer): No, I am not./No, he isn't./No, we aren't.
       • d. 特殊疑问句 (Wh-Question): What are you going to do? Where is he going to go?

II. 用途 (Usage)

• A. 预测未来 (Prediction about the future)
  • 1. 基于个人观点/感觉 (Based on opinion/feeling): I think it will rain tomorrow. I believe he will win the game.
  • 2. 基于证据/迹象 (Based on evidence/signs) (be going to): Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. She is pregnant. She is going to have a baby.
• B. 自发行为 (Spontaneous decision)
  • 1. 在说话时做出的决定 (Decision made at the moment of speaking): The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
  • 2. 提议/承诺/请求 (Offer/Promise/Request): I will help you with your homework. I promise I will be on time. Will you please open the door?
• C. 计划/打算 (Plans/Intentions) (be going to)
  • 1. 已经做出的决定/安排 (Pre-arranged decision/arrangement): We are going to travel to China next year.
• D. 预言 (Prophecy)
  • 1. 关于未来的陈述，通常基于某种信仰或预测 (Statements about the future, often based on belief or prediction): "I think robots will rule the world in the future."

III. 时间状语 (Time Adverbs)

• A. tomorrow (明天): I will see you tomorrow.
• B. next week/month/year (下周/下个月/明年): They are going to move to a new house next month.
• C. in the future (在将来): In the future, people will live on Mars.
• D. soon (很快): The bus will arrive soon.
• E. in + 时间段 (in + period of time): I will finish the work in two days.
• F. the day after tomorrow (后天): He will come the day after tomorrow.

IV. 与条件状语从句/时间状语从句连用 (Used with conditional/temporal clauses)

• A. 主句：一般将来时; 从句：一般现在时 (Main Clause: Future Simple; Subordinate Clause: Present Simple)
  • 1. If it rains, I will stay at home.
  • 2. When I finish my homework, I will go out to play.
  • 3. Unless you study hard, you will not pass the exam.
  • 4. As soon as I arrive, I will call you.
  • 5. Before you leave, please close the door.
  • 6. After he finishes eating, he will go to work.
  • 注意： 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，不能使用 will 和 be going to 表示将来时。

V. will/be going to 的区别 (Difference between will and be going to)

• A. will:
  • 1. 表达临时决定，说话时才做的决定。
  • 2. 表达主观的想法、希望、猜测，预测的把握性不大。
  • 3. 表示提议，承诺，警告，请求等。
• B. be going to:
  • 1. 表达事先已经计划好的事情，已经决定的事情。
  • 2. 表达有迹象表明要发生的事情，预测的把握性大。

VI. 易错点 (Common Mistakes)

• A. 时态一致性错误 (Incorrect tense consistency): 混淆一般将来时和其他时态。
• B. 在从句中使用 will (Using will in subordinate clauses): 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中使用 will 或 be going to。
• C. 混淆 will 和 be going to 的用法 (Confusing the usage of will and be going to)
• D. 主谓不一致 (Subject-verb agreement issues) (be going to): 例如: He are going to... (错误); He is going to... (正确).
• E. 忘记使用动词原形 (Forgetting to use the base form of the verb): 例如: I will going... (错误); I will go... (正确).

VII. 练习 (Practice)

• A. 选择填空 (Multiple Choice)
• B. 句子改写 (Sentence Transformation)
• C. 情景对话 (Situational Dialogue)
• D. 短文写作 (Short Essay Writing)

VIII. 总结 (Summary)

• 一般将来时用来表达未来发生的动作或存在的状态，是英语学习中一个重要的语法点。 掌握其结构、用途和注意事项，并通过大量的练习，才能熟练运用。 注意区分will 和 be going to的用法，以及在从句中时态的运用。