数字类的英语知识框架图

# 《数字类的英语知识框架图》

## I. Cardinal Numbers (基数词)

### A. Basic Numbers (基本数字)

1.  **0-19:** Zero, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen.
2.  **Tens (整十):** Twenty, Thirty, Forty, Fifty, Sixty, Seventy, Eighty, Ninety.
3.  **Hundreds (百位):** One hundred, Two hundred, Three hundred…
4.  **Thousands (千位):** One thousand, Two thousand, Three thousand…
5.  **Larger Numbers (更大的数字):**
    *   Million (百万)
    *   Billion (十亿) - 注意美式英语和英式英语的差异
    *   Trillion (万亿)

### B. Number Formation (数字构成)

1.  **Compound Numbers (复合数字):** 21-99 (e.g., Twenty-one, Thirty-five). 使用连字符连接十位数和个位数。
2.  **Numbers with Hundreds (带百位的数字):**  使用 "and" 连接百位和后面的数字 (e.g., One hundred and fifty, Two hundred and seventy-three). 在书面英语中，'and' 的使用越来越随意，尤其是在美式英语中。
3.  **Thousands and Beyond (千位及以上):**  可以使用逗号分隔，增加可读性 (e.g., 1,000; 10,000; 100,000; 1,000,000).

### C. Common Uses (常见用法)

1.  **Counting (计数):**  用于简单的数量表达。
2.  **Age (年龄):**  "I am twenty years old."
3.  **Time (时间):**  "It's three o'clock."
4.  **Dates (日期):**  与序数词结合使用 (e.g., The first of January).
5.  **Addresses (地址):**  "123 Main Street."
6.  **Phone Numbers (电话号码):** 以单独的数字或小组形式读出。
7.  **Money (金钱):** "Five dollars and fifty cents."

## II. Ordinal Numbers (序数词)

### A. Formation (构成)

1.  **Basic Ordinal Numbers (基本序数词):**
    *   First (第一)
    *   Second (第二)
    *   Third (第三)
2.  **General Rule (通用规则):**  大多数序数词通过在基数词后添加 "-th" 构成 (e.g., Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth).
3.  **Exceptions (例外情况):**
    *   Eighth (注意拼写，只有一个t)
    *   Ninth (nine -> ninth, 去掉e)
    *   Twelfth (twelve -> twelfth, v变为f)
    *   Numbers ending in "y" (e.g., Twenty -> Twentieth, Thirty -> Thirtieth). 将 "y" 变为 "i" 并添加 "-eth".

### B. Usage (用法)

1.  **Dates (日期):** "The tenth of May." 通常缩写为 10th May 或 May 10th。
2.  **Position (位置):** "He came in first place."
3.  **Floors (楼层):** "The third floor."
4.  **Order (顺序):** "The first step is..."
5.  **Kings and Queens (国王和王后):** "Henry VIII (Henry the Eighth)."
6.  **Series (系列):** "Volume II (Volume Two/Second)."

### C. Abbreviations (缩写)

1.  First: 1st
2.  Second: 2nd
3.  Third: 3rd
4.  Fourth: 4th
5.  Fifth: 5th
6.  ... and so on. 结尾的两个字母通常表示序数词。

## III. Fractions (分数)

### A. Numerator and Denominator (分子和分母)

1.  **Numerator (分子):** Cardinal number (基数词).
2.  **Denominator (分母):** Ordinal number (序数词).
3.  **One Half (二分之一):** 1/2
4.  **One Quarter (四分之一):** 1/4 (也可用 a quarter)
5.  **One Third (三分之一):** 1/3

### B. Pluralization (复数)

1.  When the numerator is greater than one, the denominator becomes plural (当分子大于 1 时，分母变为复数).  e.g., 2/3: Two-thirds; 3/4: Three-quarters.

### C. Mixed Numbers (带分数)

1.  Whole number + "and" + fraction (整数 + "and" + 分数).  e.g., 1 1/2: One and a half; 2 1/4: Two and a quarter.

### D. Common Phrases (常用短语)

1.  "A fraction of..." (…的一部分)
2.  "The majority/minority" (大多数/少数)
3.  Percentage (百分比)

## IV. Decimals (小数)

### A. Decimal Point (小数点)

1.  Read as "point" (读作 "point"). e.g., 3.14: Three point one four.

### B. Reading Decimals (小数的读法)

1.  Read each digit after the decimal point individually (小数点后的每一位数字单独读). e.g., 0.75: Zero point seven five; 2.05: Two point zero five.

### C. Applications (应用)

1.  Science (科学)
2.  Mathematics (数学)
3.  Finance (金融)

## V. Mathematical Symbols and Operations (数学符号和运算)

### A. Basic Operations (基本运算)

1.  Addition (+): Plus, Add
2.  Subtraction (-): Minus, Subtract
3.  Multiplication (× or *): Times, Multiply
4.  Division (÷ or /): Divided by
5.  Equals (=): Is equal to, Equals

### B. Other Symbols (其他符号)

1.  Greater than (>): Is greater than
2.  Less than (<): Is less than
3.  Greater than or equal to (≥): Is greater than or equal to
4.  Less than or equal to (≤): Is less than or equal to
5.  Percentage (%): Percent
6.  Square Root (√): Square root of
7.  Pi (π): Pi
8.  Infinity (∞): Infinity

### C. Examples (例子)

1.  2 + 2 = 4: Two plus two equals four.
2.  5 - 3 = 2: Five minus three is equal to two.
3.  3 x 4 = 12: Three times four equals twelve.
4.  10 / 2 = 5: Ten divided by two is equal to five.

## VI. Large Numbers and Scientific Notation (大数和科学计数法)

### A. Scientific Notation (科学计数法)

1.  Expressing large numbers using powers of ten (使用 10 的幂表达大数). e.g., 1,000,000 = 1 x 10^6 (One times ten to the power of six).
2.  A number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10 (一个介于 1 和 10 之间的数字乘以 10 的幂).

### B. Uses (用途)

1.  Science (科学): Used to represent very large or very small numbers.
2.  Engineering (工程): Used in calculations involving significant figures.

## VII. Number-Related Idioms and Expressions (与数字相关的习语和表达)

### A. Common Idioms (常见习语)

1.  "Back to square one" (回到原点)
2.  "On cloud nine" (非常高兴)
3.  "Two peas in a pod" (非常相似)
4.  "Sixth sense" (第六感)
5.  "A dime a dozen" (不值钱，到处都是)
6.  "Hit for six" （彻底打击）
7.  "The eleventh hour" (最后一刻)

### B. Mathematical Expressions (数学表达)

1.  "In the long run" (从长远来看)
2.  "By and large" (总的来说)
3.  "Cut corners" (偷工减料)

## VIII. Number Systems (数字系统)

### A. Roman Numerals (罗马数字)

1.  I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000.
2.  Used in clocks, dates, and numbering systems.
3.  Examples: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CM = 900.

### B. Binary Numbers (二进制数)

1.  Base-2 numeral system (以 2 为基数的数字系统).
2.  Uses only 0 and 1.
3.  Fundamental to computer science.

## IX. Statistics (统计学)

### A. Key Concepts (关键概念)

1.  Average (平均值)
2.  Mean (平均数)
3.  Median (中位数)
4.  Mode (众数)
5.  Range (范围)
6.  Standard Deviation (标准差)
7.  Variance (方差)

### B. Data Representation (数据表示)

1.  Graphs (图表)
2.  Charts (图)
3.  Tables (表格)

This framework provides a comprehensive overview of number-related English vocabulary and concepts.  Understanding these elements is crucial for effective communication in various contexts.

《数字类的英语知识框架图》

I. Cardinal Numbers (基数词)

A. Basic Numbers (基本数字)

0-19: Zero, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen.
Tens (整十): Twenty, Thirty, Forty, Fifty, Sixty, Seventy, Eighty, Ninety.
Hundreds (百位): One hundred, Two hundred, Three hundred…
Thousands (千位): One thousand, Two thousand, Three thousand…
Larger Numbers (更大的数字):
- Million (百万)
- Billion (十亿) - 注意美式英语和英式英语的差异
- Trillion (万亿)

B. Number Formation (数字构成)

Compound Numbers (复合数字): 21-99 (e.g., Twenty-one, Thirty-five). 使用连字符连接十位数和个位数。
Numbers with Hundreds (带百位的数字): 使用 "and" 连接百位和后面的数字 (e.g., One hundred and fifty, Two hundred and seventy-three). 在书面英语中，'and' 的使用越来越随意，尤其是在美式英语中。
Thousands and Beyond (千位及以上): 可以使用逗号分隔，增加可读性 (e.g., 1,000; 10,000; 100,000; 1,000,000).

C. Common Uses (常见用法)

Counting (计数): 用于简单的数量表达。
Age (年龄): "I am twenty years old."
Time (时间): "It's three o'clock."
Dates (日期): 与序数词结合使用 (e.g., The first of January).
Addresses (地址): "123 Main Street."
Phone Numbers (电话号码): 以单独的数字或小组形式读出。
Money (金钱): "Five dollars and fifty cents."

II. Ordinal Numbers (序数词)

A. Formation (构成)

Basic Ordinal Numbers (基本序数词):
- First (第一)
- Second (第二)
- Third (第三)
General Rule (通用规则): 大多数序数词通过在基数词后添加 "-th" 构成 (e.g., Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth).
Exceptions (例外情况):
- Eighth (注意拼写，只有一个t)
- Ninth (nine -> ninth, 去掉e)
- Twelfth (twelve -> twelfth, v变为f)
- Numbers ending in "y" (e.g., Twenty -> Twentieth, Thirty -> Thirtieth). 将 "y" 变为 "i" 并添加 "-eth".

B. Usage (用法)

Dates (日期): "The tenth of May." 通常缩写为 10th May 或 May 10th。
Position (位置): "He came in first place."
Floors (楼层): "The third floor."
Order (顺序): "The first step is..."
Kings and Queens (国王和王后): "Henry VIII (Henry the Eighth)."
Series (系列): "Volume II (Volume Two/Second)."

C. Abbreviations (缩写)

First: 1st
Second: 2nd
Third: 3rd
Fourth: 4th
Fifth: 5th
... and so on. 结尾的两个字母通常表示序数词。

III. Fractions (分数)

A. Numerator and Denominator (分子和分母)

Numerator (分子): Cardinal number (基数词).
Denominator (分母): Ordinal number (序数词).
One Half (二分之一): 1/2
One Quarter (四分之一): 1/4 (也可用 a quarter)
One Third (三分之一): 1/3

B. Pluralization (复数)

When the numerator is greater than one, the denominator becomes plural (当分子大于 1 时，分母变为复数). e.g., 2/3: Two-thirds; 3/4: Three-quarters.

C. Mixed Numbers (带分数)

Whole number + "and" + fraction (整数 + "and" + 分数). e.g., 1 1/2: One and a half; 2 1/4: Two and a quarter.

D. Common Phrases (常用短语)

"A fraction of..." (…的一部分)
"The majority/minority" (大多数/少数)
Percentage (百分比)

IV. Decimals (小数)

A. Decimal Point (小数点)

Read as "point" (读作 "point"). e.g., 3.14: Three point one four.

B. Reading Decimals (小数的读法)

Read each digit after the decimal point individually (小数点后的每一位数字单独读). e.g., 0.75: Zero point seven five; 2.05: Two point zero five.

C. Applications (应用)

Science (科学)
Mathematics (数学)
Finance (金融)

V. Mathematical Symbols and Operations (数学符号和运算)

A. Basic Operations (基本运算)

Addition (+): Plus, Add
Subtraction (-): Minus, Subtract
Multiplication (× or *): Times, Multiply
Division (÷ or /): Divided by
Equals (=): Is equal to, Equals

B. Other Symbols (其他符号)

Greater than (>): Is greater than
Less than (<): Is less than
Greater than or equal to (≥): Is greater than or equal to
Less than or equal to (≤): Is less than or equal to
Percentage (%): Percent
Square Root (√): Square root of
Pi (π): Pi
Infinity (∞): Infinity

C. Examples (例子)

2 + 2 = 4: Two plus two equals four.
5 - 3 = 2: Five minus three is equal to two.
3 x 4 = 12: Three times four equals twelve.
10 / 2 = 5: Ten divided by two is equal to five.

VI. Large Numbers and Scientific Notation (大数和科学计数法)

A. Scientific Notation (科学计数法)

Expressing large numbers using powers of ten (使用 10 的幂表达大数). e.g., 1,000,000 = 1 x 10^6 (One times ten to the power of six).
A number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10 (一个介于 1 和 10 之间的数字乘以 10 的幂).

B. Uses (用途)

Science (科学): Used to represent very large or very small numbers.
Engineering (工程): Used in calculations involving significant figures.

VII. Number-Related Idioms and Expressions (与数字相关的习语和表达)

A. Common Idioms (常见习语)

"Back to square one" (回到原点)
"On cloud nine" (非常高兴)
"Two peas in a pod" (非常相似)
"Sixth sense" (第六感)
"A dime a dozen" (不值钱，到处都是)
"Hit for six" （彻底打击）
"The eleventh hour" (最后一刻)

B. Mathematical Expressions (数学表达)

"In the long run" (从长远来看)
"By and large" (总的来说)
"Cut corners" (偷工减料)

VIII. Number Systems (数字系统)

A. Roman Numerals (罗马数字)

I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000.
Used in clocks, dates, and numbering systems.
Examples: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CM = 900.

B. Binary Numbers (二进制数)

Base-2 numeral system (以 2 为基数的数字系统).
Uses only 0 and 1.
Fundamental to computer science.

IX. Statistics (统计学)

A. Key Concepts (关键概念)

Average (平均值)
Mean (平均数)
Median (中位数)
Mode (众数)
Range (范围)
Standard Deviation (标准差)
Variance (方差)

B. Data Representation (数据表示)

Graphs (图表)
Charts (图)
Tables (表格)

This framework provides a comprehensive overview of number-related English vocabulary and concepts. Understanding these elements is crucial for effective communication in various contexts.

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