《英语五年级上册第一单元语法思维导图》

核心主题：现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

1. 构成 (Form)

• 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing
  • I am playing.
  • He/She/It is reading.
  • You/We/They are singing.
    • 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词 -ing
  • I am not playing. (I'm not playing.)
  • He/She/It is not reading. (He/She/It isn't reading.)
  • You/We/They are not singing. (You/We/They aren't singing.)
    • 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 -ing?
  • Am I playing?
  • Is he/she/it reading?
  • Are you/we/they singing?
  • 肯定回答: Yes, I am. Yes, he/she/it is. Yes, you/we/they are.
  • 否定回答: No, I am not. No, he/she/it is not. No, you/we/they are not.
    • 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词 -ing?
  • What am I doing?
  • What is he/she/it reading?
  • What are you/we/they singing?

2. 用法 (Usage)

• 2.1 表示现在正在进行的动作: 指说话时正在发生的动作。
  • I am watching TV now.
  • The children are playing in the park at the moment.
  • Look! He is running very fast.
    • 2.2 表示现阶段正在进行的动作: 指目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，不一定指说话时正在发生。
  • I am reading an interesting book these days.
  • She is learning to play the piano this month.
  • They are building a new house this year.
    • 2.3 表示将来（有计划或安排好的动作）: 常与表示将来时间的词语连用。
  • We are having a party next Saturday.
  • He is visiting his grandparents tomorrow.
  • They are flying to Paris next week.
    • 2.4 注意事项：
  • 状态动词(如 know, like, want, believe, love, hate, see, hear, understand, think(认为), remember, forget) 一般不用进行时。
    • 正确：I know him. 错误：I am knowing him.
    • 正确：I love you. 错误：I am loving you.
  • think在表示“考虑”时可以用进行时.
    • I am thinking about buying a new car. (我正在考虑买一辆新车。)

3. 动词-ing 形式变化规则 (Rules for forming -ing participles)

* **3.1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing:**
    * play -> playing
    * read -> reading
    * sing -> singing
    * work -> working
    * eat -> eating
* **3.2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing:**
    * make -> making
    * take -> taking
    * write -> writing
    * have -> having
    * come -> coming
* **3.3 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing:**
    * run -> running
    * swim -> swimming
    * sit -> sitting
    * get -> getting
    * put -> putting
    * 注意：如果最后一个音节不是重读音节，则不双写。例如：open -> opening, visit -> visiting
* **3.4 以-ie结尾的动词，将-ie改为-y，再加-ing:**
    * die -> dying
    * lie -> lying
    * tie -> tying

4. 常用词汇扩展 (Vocabulary Expansion)

* **动作类:**
    * playing (玩)
    * reading (读)
    * singing (唱歌)
    * dancing (跳舞)
    * running (跑)
    * swimming (游泳)
    * eating (吃)
    * drinking (喝)
    * writing (写)
    * drawing (画)
    * listening (听)
    * watching (看)
    * cooking (做饭)
    * cleaning (打扫)
    * studying (学习)
* **地点类:**
    * park (公园)
    * school (学校)
    * home (家)
    * street (街道)
    * library (图书馆)
    * supermarket (超市)
    * restaurant (餐厅)
* **时间类:**
    * now (现在)
    * at the moment (此刻)
    * these days (这些天)
    * this week (这周)
    * this month (这个月)
    * this year (今年)
    * tomorrow (明天)
    * next week (下周)
    * next month (下个月)
    * next year (明年)

5. 易错点分析 (Common Mistakes)

* **忘记加 am/is/are:**  I playing. (错误) -> I am playing. (正确)
* **动词形式错误:**  He play. (错误) -> He is playing. (正确)
* **状态动词误用:** I am knowing the answer. (错误) -> I know the answer. (正确)
* **混淆一般现在时和现在进行时:**  I play basketball every day. (一般现在时 - 习惯性动作)  I am playing basketball now. (现在进行时 - 正在进行的动作)

6. 练习题型 (Practice Exercises)

* **句子填空:**
    * I ______ (read) a book now.
    * They ______ (play) football in the park at the moment.
    * She ______ (not/watch) TV.
    * ______ you ______ (listen) to music?
* **句子改错:**
    * He playing computer games.
    * I am know the answer.
    * She is liking ice cream.
* **根据提示词完成句子:**
    * They / swim / in the river / now
    * He / not / do / his homework / at the moment
    * What / you / do?
* **情景对话：** (运用现在进行时描述图片或场景)

7. 总结 (Summary)

现在进行时是英语中非常重要的一个时态，掌握其构成、用法以及动词-ing形式的变化规则是学好英语的关键。通过大量的练习和运用，可以更好地理解和掌握现在进行时，从而提高英语表达能力。记住状态动词通常不使用现在进行时，区分一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，注意动词-ing形式拼写规则。