《七年级上册作文思维导图英语》

I. 描述性作文 (Descriptive Writing)

A. 思维导图核心词：Senses (感官)

1. Sight (视觉):
   • Details: Color, shape, size, light, shadow, patterns.
   • Example Words: Vibrant, dull, gigantic, miniature, shimmering, opaque.
   • Phrases: "The fiery sunset painted the sky with hues of...", "The towering mountains cast long, imposing shadows..."
2. Sound (听觉):
   • Details: Loudness, pitch, rhythm, source, tone.
   • Example Words: Melodious, deafening, hushed, screeching, rhythmic, resonant.
   • Phrases: "The gentle murmur of the stream...", "A cacophony of sounds erupted...", "The rhythmic ticking of the clock..."
3. Smell (嗅觉):
   • Details: Pleasantness, intensity, type of scent, association.
   • Example Words: Fragrant, pungent, acrid, sweet, musky, earthy.
   • Phrases: "The air was thick with the aroma of...", "A faint whiff of...", "The repulsive stench of..."
4. Taste (味觉):
   • Details: Sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, umami, texture.
   • Example Words: Savory, tangy, bitter, succulent, bland, spicy.
   • Phrases: "A burst of sweetness flooded my mouth...", "The lingering bitterness...", "A symphony of flavors danced on my tongue..."
5. Touch (触觉):
   • Details: Texture, temperature, pressure, pain, comfort.
   • Example Words: Smooth, rough, velvety, icy, scorching, prickly.
   • Phrases: "The rough bark grazed my skin...", "The cool water soothed my aching muscles...", "A sudden jolt of pain shot through my arm..."

B. 拓展技巧

1. Show, don't tell (展示而非讲述): Avoid simply stating facts. Instead, use vivid language to create a sensory experience for the reader. Example: Instead of saying "The flower was beautiful," write "The velvet petals, a deep crimson, unfurled to reveal a heart of golden dust, releasing a perfume that intoxicated the air."
2. Use similes and metaphors (使用明喻和隐喻): Compare the subject to something familiar to create a clearer image. Example: "The rain fell like a thousand tiny needles," "The city was a concrete jungle."
3. Vary sentence structure (变换句式): Avoid repetitive sentence structures. Use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences to create a more engaging rhythm.
4. Focus on specific details (关注细节): Choose specific and relevant details to paint a clearer picture. Avoid vague generalizations.

C. 应用场景

• Describing a place (例如，公园、海滩、教室).
• Describing a person (例如，朋友、家人、偶像).
• Describing an object (例如，玩具、宠物、纪念品).
• Describing a memory (例如，童年回忆、旅行见闻).

II. 叙事性作文 (Narrative Writing)

A. 思维导图核心词：Plot (情节)

1. Exposition (背景):
   • Details: Setting (time and place), characters (introduction), initial conflict (optional).
   • Example Phrases: "Long ago, in a faraway land...", "It was a cold and dreary morning in November...", "Meet Sarah, a shy girl with a hidden talent..."
2. Rising Action (上升行动):
   • Details: Events that build tension and lead to the climax, obstacles faced by the protagonist.
   • Example Phrases: "As the day wore on, a sense of unease began to creep in...", "Suddenly, a mysterious figure appeared...", "The challenge seemed insurmountable, but she refused to give up..."
3. Climax (高潮):
   • Details: The turning point of the story, the moment of greatest tension.
   • Example Phrases: "In that crucial moment, he made a daring decision...", "The truth was finally revealed...", "A fierce battle ensued..."
4. Falling Action (下降行动):
   • Details: Events that follow the climax and lead to the resolution, the consequences of the climax.
   • Example Phrases: "The dust settled, and the consequences of his actions became clear...", "As the days passed, she began to understand...", "The scars of the battle remained, a constant reminder..."
5. Resolution (结局):
   • Details: The ending of the story, the resolution of the conflict, the lesson learned.
   • Example Phrases: "And so, they lived happily ever after...", "In the end, she realized the true meaning of...", "Although the journey was difficult, it was worth it..."

B. 拓展技巧

1. Show, don't tell (展示而非讲述): Let the reader experience the story through the characters' actions, thoughts, and feelings.
2. Develop compelling characters (塑造引人入胜的角色): Give your characters distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws.
3. Use dialogue effectively (有效利用对话): Dialogue should reveal character, advance the plot, and add realism to the story.
4. Create a strong voice (创造鲜明的声音): Your voice is your unique style of writing. Use it to make your story more engaging and memorable.
5. Build suspense (制造悬念): Keep the reader guessing what will happen next.

C. 应用场景

• Sharing a personal experience (例如，一次难忘的经历、一次失败的教训).
• Creating a fictional story (例如，童话故事、科幻故事、冒险故事).
• Retelling a classic story (例如，改编寓言、改写神话).

III. 议论文 (Argumentative Writing)

A. 思维导图核心词：Argument (论点)

1. Introduction (引言):
   • Details: Hook (attract the reader), background information, thesis statement (main argument).
   • Example Phrases: "In today's society...", "It is often said that...", "The debate over... has been ongoing for years..."
2. Body Paragraphs (主体段落):
   • Details: Topic sentence (main point of the paragraph), supporting evidence (facts, statistics, examples, anecdotes), explanation of how the evidence supports the topic sentence.
   • Example Phrases: "For example...", "According to...", "Studies have shown that...", "This demonstrates that..."
3. Counterargument (反驳):
   • Details: Acknowledge the opposing viewpoint, refute the opposing viewpoint with evidence and reasoning.
   • Example Phrases: "Some may argue that...", "However...", "On the other hand...", "While it is true that..., it is also important to consider..."
4. Conclusion (结论):
   • Details: Restate the thesis statement in different words, summarize the main points, provide a concluding statement or call to action.
   • Example Phrases: "In conclusion...", "Therefore...", "For these reasons...", "It is clear that..."

B. 拓展技巧

1. Use strong evidence (使用有力证据): Support your claims with credible sources and relevant examples.
2. Address the opposing viewpoint (回应相反观点): Acknowledge and refute counterarguments to strengthen your own position.
3. Use logical reasoning (使用逻辑推理): Present your arguments in a clear and logical manner.
4. Maintain a formal tone (保持正式的语气): Avoid slang, colloquialisms, and personal attacks.
5. Organize your essay effectively (有效地组织你的文章): Use a clear and logical structure to guide the reader through your argument.

C. 应用场景

• Expressing an opinion on a controversial issue (例如，是否应该禁止校园暴力).

• Arguing for a specific policy or course of action (例如，呼吁保护环境).

• Analyzing a literary work or historical event (例如，评价一本书的价值).

  IV. 常用词汇拓展

• Adjectives (形容词): Avoid overuse of simple adjectives like "good" or "bad". Replace them with more descriptive and evocative words.

  • Example: Instead of "good," try "excellent," "superb," "remarkable," "outstanding."
  • Instead of "bad," try "terrible," "awful," "dreadful," "horrific."

• Verbs (动词): Use strong verbs to create a more vivid and active writing style.

  • Example: Instead of "walk," try "stride," "saunter," "stroll," "trudge."
  • Instead of "say," try "exclaim," "whisper," "mutter," "declare."

• Adverbs (副词): Use adverbs sparingly. Often, you can strengthen your writing by choosing a more precise verb.

  • Example: Instead of "He ran quickly," try "He sprinted."

Remember to practice regularly and expand your vocabulary to improve your writing skills.