基础句型思维导图
- S + V (主语 + 谓语)
- 结构公式：S + V
- 构成说明：最基本的句子结构，主语执行动作或处于某种状态。谓语动词是核心。
- 动词类型：主要使用不及物动词 (Intransitive Verb)，这类动词本身意义完整，后面不接宾语。
- 示例：
- Birds fly. (鸟儿飞翔。) - Birds (S), fly (V)
- She smiled. (她笑了。) - She (S), smiled (V)
- The sun rises. (太阳升起。) - The sun (S), rises (V)
- They are running. (他们正在跑。) - They (S), are running (V - 现在进行时不及物动词)
- Time flies. (时间飞逝。) - Time (S), flies (V)
- S + V + O (主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)
- 结构公式：S + V + O
- 构成说明：主语执行动作，动作影响到宾语。宾语是动作的承受者。
- 动词类型：主要使用及物动词 (Transitive Verb)，这类动词的动作需要有承受者，即宾语。
- 示例：
- I like apples. (我喜欢苹果。) - I (S), like (V), apples (O)
- He reads a book. (他读一本书。) - He (S), reads (V), a book (O)
- We built a house. (我们建了一座房子。) - We (S), built (V), a house (O)
- She speaks English. (她说英语。) - She (S), speaks (V), English (O)
- They ate dinner. (他们吃了晚饭。) - They (S), ate (V), dinner (O)
- S + V + C (主语 + 谓语 + 表语)
- 结构公式：S + V + C
- 构成说明：补充说明主语的特征、身份、状态或性质。表语与主语之间存在“是”或“处于某种状态”的关系。
- 动词类型：主要使用连系动词 (Linking Verb)。最常见的是 be 动词。其他连系动词如 seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, get, grow, turn 等。
- 表语类型：可以是名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。
- 示例：
- She is a doctor. (她是一名医生。) - She (S), is (V), a doctor (C - 名词)
- He looks happy. (他看起来很高兴。) - He (S), looks (V), happy (C - 形容词)
- They were good friends. (他们是好朋友。) - They (S), were (V), good friends (C - 名词短语)
- The soup smells delicious. (汤闻起来很美味。) - The soup (S), smells (V), delicious (C - 形容词)
- My dream is to travel around the world. (我的梦想是周游世界。) - My dream (S), is (V), to travel around the world (C - 不定式短语)
- S + V + IO + DO (主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语)
- 结构公式：S + V + IO + DO
- 构成说明：主语将某个直接宾语给予或做给间接宾语。通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。
- 动词类型：主要使用双宾语动词 (Ditransitive Verb)。常见的有 give, tell, show, bring, send, buy, make, get, write, teach 等。
- IO 和 DO：间接宾语 (Indirect Object) 通常是动作的接受者或受益者；直接宾语 (Direct Object) 是动作的直接对象。
- 示例：
- My father gave me a gift. (我父亲给了我一份礼物。) - My father (S), gave (V), me (IO), a gift (DO)
- She told us a story. (她给我们讲了一个故事。) - She (S), told (V), us (IO), a story (DO)
- He bought his son a bike. (他给他儿子买了一辆自行车。) - He (S), bought (V), his son (IO), a bike (DO)
- Please send her an email. (请给她发一封邮件。) - (You - S, implied), send (V), her (IO), an email (DO)
- I showed them the way. (我给他们指了路。) - I (S), showed (V), them (IO), the way (DO)
- 转换形式：有些动词可以将 S + V + IO + DO 结构转换为 S + V + DO + to/for + IO 的形式。例如：My father gave a gift to me. He bought a bike for his son.
- S + V + O + C (主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)
- 结构公式：S + V + O + C
- 构成说明：补充说明宾语的特征、状态或使宾语成为某种状态。宾语补足语是对宾语的进一步说明，与宾语共同构成复合宾语。
- 动词类型：使役动词 (make, have, let)，感官动词 (see, hear, feel, watch, observe)，以及表示“认为、发现”等动词 (think, find, consider, believe, call, name, keep, leave)。
- 宾语补足语类型：可以是名词、形容词、副词、不定式 (带 to 或不带 to)、现在分词、过去分词等。
- 示例：
- We call him Tom. (我们叫他汤姆。) - We (S), call (V), him (O), Tom (C - 名词，说明him是谁)
- They made him angry. (他们使他生气了。) - They (S), made (V), him (O), angry (C - 形容词，说明him怎么样)
- I found the book interesting. (我发现这本书很有趣。) - I (S), found (V), the book (O), interesting (C - 形容词/现在分词作补语，说明the book怎么样)
- She kept the door open. (她让门开着。) - She (S), kept (V), the door (O), open (C - 形容词，说明the door的状态)
- I saw him play football. (我看到他踢足球。) - I (S), saw (V), him (O), play football (C - 动词原形短语，说明him的动作)
- I heard her singing. (我听到她在唱歌。) - I (S), heard (V), her (O), singing (C - 现在分词，说明her正在进行的动作)
- He had his car repaired. (他把车修了。) - He (S), had (V), his car (O), repaired (C - 过去分词，说明his car被修理)