《英语第三单元思维导图》

I. 概述 (Overview)

A. 单元主题 (Unit Theme)

1. 旅行与交通 (Travel and Transportation)
   2. 不同文化体验 (Different Cultural Experiences)
   3. 环境与可持续发展 (Environment and Sustainability)

      B. 语法重点 (Grammar Focus)

2. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)
   2. 情态动词 (Modal Verbs: must, should, can, could, may, might)
   3. 被动语态 (Passive Voice - 简单过去时)

      C. 词汇重点 (Vocabulary Focus)

3. 交通工具及相关设施 (Means of Transportation and Related Facilities)
   2. 旅行地点与地标 (Travel Destinations and Landmarks)
   3. 描述感受和体验的词汇 (Vocabulary for Describing Feelings and Experiences)
   4. 环境相关词汇 (Environment-Related Vocabulary)

II. 语法 (Grammar)

A. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)

1. 形式 (Form): was/were + doing
   2. 用法 (Usage):
      • 描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作 (Describing an action in progress at a specific time in the past)
      • 描述在过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作 (Describing an action that continued for a period of time in the past)
      • 与简单过去时连用，表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行 (Used with the Simple Past to describe an action happening while another was in progress)
      • 描述背景情况 (Describing background situations)
   3. 例句 (Examples):
      • I was watching TV at 8 p.m. yesterday.
      • They were playing football all afternoon.
      • While I was cooking, the phone rang.
      • The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
   4. 常见时间状语 (Common Time Adverbs):
      • at + 时间点 (at 8 p.m.)
      • during + 时间段 (during the afternoon)
      • while (当...的时候)
      • as (当...的时候)
      • all day/night/morning/afternoon/evening (整天/整夜/整个上午/下午/晚上)

B. 情态动词 (Modal Verbs: must, should, can, could, may, might)

1. must:
   • 表示必须，强制 (Obligation, necessity)
   • 表示推测，非常肯定 (Strong deduction, certainty)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • You must wear a seatbelt in the car.
     • He must be tired after such a long journey.
       2. should:
   • 表示建议，劝告 (Advice, recommendation)
   • 表示应该，义务 (Duty, obligation - weaker than must)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • You should visit the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
     • We should respect our elders.
       3. can:
   • 表示能力 (Ability)
   • 表示允许，许可 (Permission - informal)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • I can speak English.
     • You can use my phone if you need to.
       4. could:
   • 表示过去的能力 (Past ability)
   • 表示请求，建议 (Polite request or suggestion)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • I could swim when I was five.
     • Could you please pass me the salt?
       5. may:
   • 表示允许，许可 (Permission - formal)
   • 表示可能性 (Possibility)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • You may leave the room.
     • It may rain tomorrow.
       6. might:
   • 表示可能性 (Possibility - weaker than may)
   • 例句 (Examples):
     • I might go to the cinema tonight.
       7. 注意 (Note): 情态动词后接动词原形 (Modal verbs are followed by the base form of the verb.)

C. 被动语态 (Passive Voice - Simple Past Tense)

1. 形式 (Form): was/were + 过去分词 (past participle)
   2. 用法 (Usage):
      • 强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者 (Emphasis on the receiver of the action, not the performer)
      • 当动作的执行者未知或不重要时 (When the performer of the action is unknown or unimportant)
      • 例句 (Examples):
        • The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
        • The window was broken last night. (We don't know who broke it)
   3. 主动语态改被动语态 (Active to Passive):
      • Object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
      • Subject of the active sentence becomes the agent of the passive sentence (often introduced by 'by').

III. 词汇 (Vocabulary)

A. 交通工具及相关设施 (Means of Transportation and Related Facilities)

1. Airplane (飞机)
   2. Train (火车)
   3. Bus (公共汽车)
   4. Car (汽车)
   5. Bicycle (自行车)
   6. Ship (轮船)
   7. Subway/Metro (地铁)
   8. Taxi (出租车)
   9. Airport (机场)
   10. Train station (火车站)
   11. Bus station (汽车站)
   12. Harbor (港口)
   13. Traffic lights (交通灯)
   14. Pedestrian crossing (人行横道)

B. 旅行地点与地标 (Travel Destinations and Landmarks)

1. City (城市)
   2. Country (国家)
   3. Mountain (山)
   4. Beach (海滩)
   5. Forest (森林)
   6. Desert (沙漠)
   7. Museum (博物馆)
   8. Park (公园)
   9. Monument (纪念碑)
   10. Statue (雕像)
   11. Eiffel Tower (埃菲尔铁塔)
   12. Great Wall (长城)
   13. Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)
   14. Pyramids of Giza (吉萨金字塔)

C. 描述感受和体验的词汇 (Vocabulary for Describing Feelings and Experiences)

1. Excited (兴奋的)
   2. Happy (高兴的)
   3. Surprised (惊讶的)
   4. Amazed (惊奇的)
   5. Bored (无聊的)
   6. Tired (疲惫的)
   7. Interested (感兴趣的)
   8. Relaxed (放松的)
   9. Enjoyable (令人愉快的)
   10. Unforgettable (难忘的)

D. 环境相关词汇 (Environment-Related Vocabulary)

1. Pollution (污染)
   2. Recycle (回收)
   3. Environment (环境)
   4. Conservation (保护)
   5. Sustainable (可持续的)
   6. Global warming (全球变暖)
   7. Climate change (气候变化)
   8. Renewable energy (可再生能源)
   9. Solar power (太阳能)
   10. Wind power (风能)

IV. 练习 (Exercises)

A. 语法练习 (Grammar Exercises)

1. 过去进行时填空 (Fill in the blanks with the past continuous tense)
   2. 情态动词选择 (Choose the correct modal verb)
   3. 主动语态改被动语态 (Change the active voice to passive voice)

      B. 词汇运用 (Vocabulary Application)

2. 用所给词汇造句 (Make sentences using the given vocabulary)
   2. 看图说话，描述旅行经历 (Describe a travel experience using the picture as a prompt)

      C. 口语练习 (Speaking Practice)

3. 角色扮演，模拟旅行场景 (Role-play a travel scenario)
   2. 讨论环保话题 (Discuss environmental issues)

V. 拓展 (Extension)

A. 阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension)

1. 阅读关于旅行和环境的文章 (Read articles about travel and the environment)
   2. 回答问题，总结文章主旨 (Answer questions and summarize the main points of the article)

      B. 写作练习 (Writing Practice)

2. 写一篇关于一次旅行经历的短文 (Write a short essay about a travel experience)
   2. 写一篇关于环保的倡议书 (Write a proposal on environmental protection)

      C. 文化拓展 (Cultural Expansion)

3. 了解不同国家的旅行文化 (Learn about travel culture in different countries)
   2. 了解不同国家的环境保护政策 (Learn about environmental protection policies in different countries)

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