《思维导图英语六年级下》

一、 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

1.1 核心语法：过去式

1.1.1 规则动词过去式

• 构成：动词原形 + -ed
• 发音规则：
  • 结尾发 /t/：walked, watched
  • 结尾发 /d/：played, stayed
  • 结尾发 /ɪd/：wanted, needed
• 常见规则动词：played, watched, visited, stayed, walked, talked, learned, cleaned, cooked

1.1.2 不规则动词过去式

• 需要特殊记忆，没有固定规则
• 常见不规则动词：
  • go - went
  • see - saw
  • eat - ate
  • drink - drank
  • buy - bought
  • take - took
  • have - had
  • do - did
  • get - got
  • come - came
  • make - made
  • think - thought
  • find - found
  • write - wrote
  • read - read (发音不同)

1.1.3 疑问句和否定句

• 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
  • 例：Did you go to Beijing?
• 否定句：主语 + did + not + 动词原形 + 其他。 (didn't)
  • 例：I didn't go to Beijing.

1.2 重点词汇

• vacation: 假期
• beach: 海滩
• mountain: 山
• city: 城市
• countryside: 乡村
• museum: 博物馆
• park: 公园
• zoo: 动物园
• yesterday: 昨天
• last week: 上周
• last month: 上个月
• ago: 以前 (two days ago: 两天前)
• postcard: 明信片
• souvenir: 纪念品
• interesting: 有趣的
• delicious: 美味的

1.3 常见句型

• Where did you go on vacation? I went to the beach.
• What did you do there? I swam in the sea.
• Did you have a good time? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• I bought a postcard and a souvenir.
• It was interesting/delicious/fun.

二、 Unit 2 How was your school trip?

2.1 核心语法：过去式（复习与拓展）

2.1.1 Be动词的过去式

• is/am -> was
• are -> were
• 例：I was tired. They were happy.

2.1.2 一般过去时的时间状语

• yesterday
• last week/month/year
• … ago (two years ago, a long time ago)
• in + 过去年份 (in 2020)

2.2 重点词汇

• trip: 旅行，旅程
• exciting: 令人兴奋的
• boring: 令人厌烦的
• tiring: 令人疲惫的
• amazing: 令人惊奇的
• scary: 令人害怕的
• delicious: 美味的
• fantastic: 极好的
• interesting: 有趣的
• relaxing: 令人放松的
• robot: 机器人
• show: 表演
• factory: 工厂
• learn about: 了解
• have fun: 玩得开心
• take photos: 拍照

2.3 常见句型

• How was your school trip? It was exciting.
• What did you learn about at the factory? I learned about how robots are made.
• Did you have fun? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. It was boring.
• We took many photos.
• The food was delicious.

三、 Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.

3.1 核心语法：形容词比较级

3.1.1 形容词比较级的构成

• 一般情况：形容词 + -er
  • 例：tall - taller, short - shorter, fast - faster
• 以字母e结尾：形容词 + -r
  • 例：nice - nicer, large - larger
• 辅音字母 + y 结尾：变y为i + -er
  • 例：easy - easier, happy - happier
• 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写辅音字母 + -er
  • 例：big - bigger, fat - fatter
• 多音节形容词：more + 形容词原形
  • 例：more interesting, more beautiful, more exciting

3.1.2 than的用法

• 用于连接比较的对象
• 例：I am taller than my brother. English is more interesting than math.

3.2 重点词汇

• outgoing: 外向的
• shy: 害羞的
• quiet: 安静的
• active: 活跃的
• funny: 有趣的，滑稽的
• serious: 严肃的
• clever: 聪明的
• hardworking: 勤奋的
• lazy: 懒惰的
• sporty: 爱好运动的
• friendly: 友好的
• smart: 聪明的，时髦的
• popular: 受欢迎的

3.3 常见句型

• I'm more outgoing than my sister.
• He is taller than his brother.
• She is funnier than her classmate.
• Who is taller, you or your brother?
• He is a little taller than me.
• He is much taller than me.

四、 Unit 4 What are you going to be when you grow up?

4.1 核心语法：be going to 结构

4.1.1 结构构成

• 主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形

4.1.2 用法

• 表示打算、计划要做的事情，多用于未来计划
• 例：I am going to be a teacher. We are going to visit the museum next week.

4.1.3 疑问句和否定句

• 疑问句：Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？
  • 例：Are you going to be a doctor?
• 否定句：主语 + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。
  • 例：I am not going to be a doctor. (I'm not going to…)

4.2 重点词汇

• teacher: 老师
• doctor: 医生
• nurse: 护士
• scientist: 科学家
• engineer: 工程师
• artist: 艺术家
• writer: 作家
• reporter: 记者
• policeman: 警察
• firefighter: 消防员
• pilot: 飞行员
• astronaut: 宇航员
• grow up: 长大
• help people: 帮助人们
• travel around the world: 环游世界
• discover new things: 发现新事物

4.3 常见句型

• What are you going to be when you grow up? I'm going to be a doctor.
• I'm going to help people.
• He is going to be an astronaut. He is going to travel around the world.
• Are you going to be a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
• What are you going to do?

五、Unit 5 It's going to rain.

5.1 核心语法: "be going to"预测未来

5.1.1 与计划的区别

• Unit 4侧重于主观计划
• Unit 5侧重于根据现有情况对未来进行预测

5.1.2 标志性词汇

• look at those black clouds 黑云压城
• feel the wind 感觉到风

5.2 重点词汇

• rain 下雨
• snow 下雪
• windy 刮风
• sunny 晴朗的
• cloudy 多云的
• cold 冷的
• hot 热的
• warm 温暖的
• cool 凉爽的
• degree 度
• weather 天气
• rainy 下雨的
• snowy 下雪的

5.3 常用句型

• It's going to rain. 快要下雨了。
• It's going to be windy. 要刮风了。
• What's the weather like? 天气怎么样？
• It's 25 degrees Celsius. 摄氏25度。
• What's the weather going to be like tomorrow? 明天天怎么样？
• It's going to be sunny and warm. 明天会是晴天，很温暖。

六、 Unit 6 How do you make a model plane?

6.1 核心语法: 祈使句

6.1.1 肯定祈使句

• 直接用动词原形开头，语气强烈
• 例: Open the window. 打开窗户。

6.1.2 否定祈使句

• Don't + 动词原形 开头
• 例: Don't touch that. 别碰那个。

6.2 重点词汇

• model plane 模型飞机
• glue 胶水
• scissors 剪刀
• paper 纸
• cardboard 纸板
• step 步骤
• first 首先
• then 然后
• next 接下来
• finally 最后
• make 制作
• cut 剪
• fold 折
• stick 粘贴
• paint 涂色

6.3 常用句型

• How do you make a model plane? 你怎么做模型飞机？
• First, cut out the pieces. 首先，剪下各个部分。
• Then, fold the paper. 然后，折叠纸。
• Next, stick the wings to the body. 接下来，将翅膀粘到机身上。
• Finally, paint the plane. 最后，给飞机涂色。
• Don't cut yourself. 别剪到自己。
• Be careful with the glue. 小心使用胶水。

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