《人与自然英语思维导图高中》
I. 人与自然的关系 (Human-Nature Relationship)
A. 资源获取 (Resource Acquisition)
- 1. Renewable Resources (可再生资源):
- Sunlight (阳光): Solar energy (太阳能), Photosynthesis (光合作用), Sustainable development (可持续发展).
- Wind (风力): Wind turbines (风力涡轮机), Clean energy (清洁能源), Environmental impact (环境影响).
- Water (水): Hydropower (水力发电), Irrigation (灌溉), Water cycle (水循环), Water conservation (节约用水).
- Biomass (生物质能): Biofuels (生物燃料), Wood (木材), Renewable energy source (可再生能源).
- 2. Non-Renewable Resources (不可再生资源):
- Fossil Fuels (化石燃料): Coal (煤炭), Oil (石油), Natural gas (天然气), Pollution (污染), Climate change (气候变化), Global warming (全球变暖).
- Minerals (矿物): Mining (采矿), Resource depletion (资源枯竭), Environmental damage (环境破坏), Conservation (保护).
- Nuclear Energy (核能): Uranium (铀), Nuclear power plants (核电站), Radioactive waste (放射性废物), Nuclear accidents (核事故).
- 3. Sustainable Resource Management (可持续资源管理):
- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (减少，再利用，回收).
- Conservation efforts (保护措施).
- Environmental regulations (环境法规).
- Technological advancements (技术进步).
B. 环境影响 (Environmental Impact)
- 1. Pollution (污染):
- Air pollution (空气污染): Smog (雾霾), Acid rain (酸雨), Greenhouse gases (温室气体), Respiratory problems (呼吸系统问题).
- Water pollution (水污染): Industrial waste (工业废水), Agricultural runoff (农业径流), Eutrophication (富营养化), Contamination (污染).
- Soil pollution (土壤污染): Pesticides (杀虫剂), Heavy metals (重金属), Waste disposal (废物处理), Land degradation (土地退化).
- Noise pollution (噪音污染): Urban areas (城市区域), Traffic (交通), Health problems (健康问题).
- 2. Climate Change (气候变化):
- Global warming (全球变暖): Greenhouse effect (温室效应), Rising sea levels (海平面上升), Extreme weather events (极端天气事件).
- Deforestation (森林砍伐): Carbon dioxide emissions (二氧化碳排放), Habitat loss (栖息地丧失), Erosion (侵蚀).
- Melting glaciers (冰川融化): Sea level rise (海平面上升), Water scarcity (水资源短缺), Ecosystem disruption (生态系统破坏).
- Mitigation strategies (减缓策略): Renewable energy (可再生能源), Carbon capture (碳捕获), International agreements (国际协议).
- 3. Habitat Destruction (栖息地破坏):
- Deforestation (森林砍伐).
- Urbanization (城市化).
- Agriculture (农业).
- Impact on biodiversity (对生物多样性的影响).
- Endangered species (濒危物种).
C. 生物多样性 (Biodiversity)
- 1. Importance of Biodiversity (生物多样性的重要性):
- Ecosystem services (生态系统服务): Pollination (授粉), Water purification (水净化), Nutrient cycling (养分循环).
- Food security (粮食安全): Variety of crops (农作物品种), Resilience to diseases (对疾病的抵抗力).
- Medicinal resources (医药资源): Plant-based drugs (植物性药物), Genetic diversity (遗传多样性).
- Economic benefits (经济效益): Tourism (旅游业), Recreation (休闲).
- 2. Threats to Biodiversity (对生物多样性的威胁):
- Habitat loss (栖息地丧失).
- Pollution (污染).
- Climate change (气候变化).
- Overexploitation (过度开发).
- Invasive species (入侵物种).
- 3. Conservation Efforts (保护措施):
- Protected areas (保护区): National parks (国家公园), Wildlife reserves (野生动物保护区).
- Species protection (物种保护): Endangered species lists (濒危物种名单), Breeding programs (繁殖计划).
- Habitat restoration (栖息地恢复): Reforestation (重新造林), Wetland restoration (湿地恢复).
- Sustainable practices (可持续的做法): Sustainable agriculture (可持续农业), Eco-tourism (生态旅游).
II. 人类的应对 (Human Response)
A. 可持续发展 (Sustainable Development)
- 1. Definition (定义):
- Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (在不损害后代满足自身需求能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求).
- 2. Pillars of Sustainable Development (可持续发展的支柱):
- Environmental sustainability (环境可持续性): Resource conservation (资源保护), Pollution prevention (防止污染), Climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化).
- Social sustainability (社会可持续性): Equity (公平), Social justice (社会公正), Community involvement (社区参与).
- Economic sustainability (经济可持续性): Economic growth (经济增长), Innovation (创新), Job creation (创造就业).
- 3. Examples of Sustainable Practices (可持续实践的例子):
- Renewable energy (可再生能源).
- Sustainable agriculture (可持续农业).
- Green building (绿色建筑).
- Waste reduction and recycling (减少浪费和回收).
B. 环境保护主义 (Environmentalism)
- 1. Environmental Movements (环保运动):
- History of environmental movements (环保运动的历史).
- Key figures in environmentalism (环保主义的关键人物).
- Different types of environmentalism (不同类型的环保主义).
- 2. Environmental Organizations (环保组织):
- Greenpeace (绿色和平组织).
- World Wildlife Fund (世界自然基金会).
- Sierra Club (塞拉俱乐部).
- 3. Individual Actions (个人行动):
- Reducing consumption (减少消费).
- Using public transportation (使用公共交通).
- Conserving energy (节约能源).
- Supporting environmental causes (支持环保事业).
C. 科技的作用 (Role of Technology)
- 1. Environmental Monitoring (环境监测):
- Sensors (传感器).
- Satellite imagery (卫星图像).
- Data analysis (数据分析).
- 2. Clean Technologies (清洁技术):
- Renewable energy technologies (可再生能源技术).
- Pollution control technologies (污染控制技术).
- Waste treatment technologies (废物处理技术).
- 3. Biotechnology (生物技术):
- Bioremediation (生物修复).
- Biofuels (生物燃料).
- Sustainable agriculture (可持续农业).
III. 英语表达 (English Expressions)
A. 核心词汇 (Core Vocabulary)
- Environment (环境).
- Ecology (生态).
- Sustainability (可持续性).
- Conservation (保护).
- Pollution (污染).
- Climate change (气候变化).
- Biodiversity (生物多样性).
- Renewable energy (可再生能源).
- Non-renewable resources (不可再生资源).
- Ecosystem (生态系统).
B. 常用句型 (Common Sentence Structures)
- "It is crucial to..." (至关重要的是...).
- "We need to take action to..." (我们需要采取行动来...).
- "The impact of...on...is significant." (...对...的影响是显著的).
- "In order to achieve..., we must..." (为了实现...，我们必须...).
- "This problem can be addressed by..." (这个问题可以通过...来解决).
C. 写作技巧 (Writing Skills)
- Using transitions effectively (有效地使用过渡词).
- Providing evidence to support arguments (提供证据来支持论点).
- Analyzing different perspectives (分析不同的观点).
- Offering solutions to environmental problems (为环境问题提供解决方案).
This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between humans and nature, covering resource acquisition, environmental impact, biodiversity, human response, and relevant English vocabulary and writing skills. This allows for a deeper understanding and effective communication about environmental issues.