《英语weather思维导图》

中心主题：Weather (天气)

I. 基本天气类型 (Basic Weather Types)

• A. Sunny (晴朗)
  • 描述：Clear skies, lots of sunshine.
  • 相关词汇：Sun, sunshine, sunlight, bright, clear, cloudless, warm.
  • 常用句型：It's a sunny day. The sun is shining brightly. The sky is clear.
  • 活动：Going to the beach, picnics, outdoor games.
• B. Cloudy (多云)
  • 描述：Sky is covered with clouds.
  • 相关词汇：Clouds, overcast, grey, dull, partially cloudy.
  • 常用句型：It's a cloudy day. The sky is overcast. There are lots of clouds.
  • 活动：Indoor activities, reading, relaxing.
• C. Rainy (下雨)
  • 描述：Precipitation in the form of rain.
  • 相关词汇：Rain, rainfall, rainstorm, drizzle, shower, downpour, umbrella, raincoat, puddle.
  • 常用句型：It's raining. It's pouring. Take your umbrella.
  • 活动：Staying indoors, reading, watching movies.
• D. Snowy (下雪)
  • 描述：Precipitation in the form of snow.
  • 相关词汇：Snow, snowflake, snowfall, blizzard, snowstorm, snowman, snowball.
  • 常用句型：It's snowing. The ground is covered in snow. Let's build a snowman.
  • 活动：Building a snowman, having a snowball fight, skiing, snowboarding.
• E. Windy (刮风)
  • 描述：Air moving strongly.
  • 相关词汇：Wind, breezy, gusty, strong wind, gale, hurricane.
  • 常用句型：It's windy. The wind is blowing strongly. Hold onto your hat!
  • 活动：Flying a kite (if not too strong), staying indoors if very windy.
• F. Foggy (有雾)
  • 描述：Low-lying cloud reducing visibility.
  • 相关词汇：Fog, mist, hazy, low visibility.
  • 常用句型：It's foggy. Visibility is low. Drive carefully.
  • 活动：Being cautious when driving, staying indoors.
• G. Stormy (暴风雨)
  • 描述：Severe weather with rain, wind, and possibly thunder and lightning.
  • 相关词汇：Storm, thunderstorm, lightning, thunder, hail, hurricane, tornado.
  • 常用句型：It's stormy. There's a thunderstorm. Stay inside.
  • 活动：Staying indoors, avoiding windows, unplugging electronic devices.

II. 天气相关词汇 (Weather-Related Vocabulary)

• A. 温度 (Temperature)
  • 形容词：Hot, warm, cool, cold, freezing.
  • 词汇：Degree, Celsius, Fahrenheit, thermometer.
  • 常用句型：It's hot/cold today. The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius.
• B. 季节 (Seasons)
  • 四季：Spring, summer, autumn (fall), winter.
  • 每个季节的特点：
    • Spring: Blooming flowers, milder temperatures, rainy.
    • Summer: Hot temperatures, sunny days, long days.
    • Autumn: Falling leaves, cooler temperatures, shorter days.
    • Winter: Cold temperatures, snow, ice, short days.
  • 常用句型：It's spring. The flowers are blooming. Summer is hot. Winter is cold.
• C. 其他天气现象 (Other Weather Phenomena)
  • 彩虹 (Rainbow): A colorful arc in the sky after rain.
  • 冰雹 (Hail): Frozen raindrops.
  • 龙卷风 (Tornado): A violent, rotating column of air.
  • 飓风 (Hurricane): A large rotating storm with strong winds.
  • 洪水 (Flood): An overflow of water onto land.
  • 干旱 (Drought): A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall.
• D. 天气预报 (Weather Forecast)
  • 词汇：Forecast, predict, outlook, meteorologist, weather report.
  • 常用句型：What's the weather forecast for tomorrow? The weather forecast predicts rain.
• E. clothing(穿着)
  • Hot: T-shirt, shorts, sunhat, sunscreen
  • Cold: Coat, gloves, scarf, boots, woolen hat
  • Rainy: Umbrella, raincoat, waterproof boots

III. 天气谚语和表达 (Weather Proverbs and Expressions)

• A. Red sky at night, sailor's delight. Red sky in the morning, sailor's warning. (晚霞行千里，早霞雨淋头。)
• B. April showers bring May flowers. (四月阵雨带来五月鲜花。)
• C. When it rains, it pours. (不雨则已，一雨倾盆。)
• D. Save it for a rainy day. (未雨绸缪。)
• E. Under the weather. (身体不舒服。)
• F. A fair-weather friend. (酒肉朋友。)
• G. Break the ice.(打破僵局)
• H. Chase rainbows.(追逐幻想)

IV. 提问和讨论天气 (Asking and Discussing the Weather)

• A. 如何询问天气 (Asking about the weather)
  • What's the weather like today?
  • How's the weather?
  • What's the temperature?
  • Is it going to rain?
• B. 如何描述天气 (Describing the weather)
  • It's sunny and warm.
  • It's cold and snowy.
  • It's raining heavily.
  • The wind is blowing strongly.
• C. 谈论自己喜欢的或不喜欢的天气 (Talking about preferred and disliked weather)
  • I love sunny days.
  • I hate cold weather.
  • I enjoy watching the rain.
  • I don't like windy days.

V. 天气与环境 (Weather and Environment)

• A. 气候变化 (Climate Change)
  • 词汇：Global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution, carbon emissions, deforestation.
  • 讨论：The impact of climate change on weather patterns.
• B. 极端天气事件 (Extreme Weather Events)
  • 例子：Hurricanes, droughts, floods, heatwaves.
  • 讨论：The consequences of extreme weather events.
• C. 可持续性 (Sustainability)
  • 词汇：Renewable energy, conservation, recycling, reducing waste.
  • 讨论：How to reduce our impact on the environment and mitigate climate change.
• D. 厄尔尼诺(El Nino)
  • 概念: 太平洋赤道中东部海域水温异常升高引起的气候现象，导致全球天气异常。
• E. 拉尼娜(La Nina)
  • 概念: 太平洋赤道中东部海域水温异常降低引起的气候现象，与厄尔尼诺相反。

VI. 练习与应用 (Practice and Application)

• A. 听力练习 (Listening practice)
  • 听天气预报，并做笔记。
  • 听关于天气的对话，并回答问题。
• B. 口语练习 (Speaking practice)
  • 描述今天的天气。
  • 谈论你最喜欢的季节以及原因。
  • 与朋友讨论天气预报。
• C. 阅读练习 (Reading practice)
  • 阅读一篇关于气候变化的文章。
  • 阅读一篇关于极端天气事件的新闻报道。
• D. 写作练习 (Writing practice)
  • 写一篇关于你最喜欢的天气的短文。
  • 写一封邮件，描述最近的天气情况。

此思维导图涵盖了与天气相关的各种主题，旨在帮助学习者掌握相关的词汇、句型和表达，并能够自信地谈论天气以及相关问题。