《四年级英语思维导图2单元》

中心主题：My Schoolbag

I. Vocabulary (词汇)

• A. School Supplies (文具)

  • 1. Book (书)
       • 分类: Textbook (课本), Workbook (练习册), Storybook (故事书), Notebook (笔记本)
       • 用法: "I have a new textbook for English class."
  • 2. Pen (笔)
       • 种类: Ballpoint pen (圆珠笔), Fountain pen (钢笔), Gel pen (水笔), Pencil (铅笔)
       • 用法: "Write with a pen, not a pencil."
  • 3. Pencil (铅笔)
       • 用途: Drawing (画画), Writing (写作), Sketching (素描)
       • 搭配: Eraser (橡皮), Sharpener (卷笔刀)
  • 4. Eraser (橡皮)
       • 种类: Rubber eraser (橡胶擦), Kneaded eraser (可塑橡皮)
       • 用法: "Erase the mistake with an eraser."
  • 5. Ruler (尺子)
       • 用途: Measuring (测量), Drawing straight lines (画直线)
       • 种类: Wooden ruler (木尺), Plastic ruler (塑料尺), Metal ruler (金属尺)
  • 6. Sharpener (卷笔刀)
       • 用途: Sharpening pencils (削铅笔)
       • 类型: Manual sharpener (手动卷笔刀), Electric sharpener (电动卷笔刀)
  • 7. Crayon (蜡笔)
       • 颜色: Red (红色), Blue (蓝色), Green (绿色), Yellow (黄色), Orange (橙色), Purple (紫色), Brown (棕色), Black (黑色), White (白色)
       • 用途: Coloring (着色), Drawing (画画)
  • 8. Bookcase (书架)
       • 用途：Storing books (存放书籍)
       • 搭配：Shelf (书架层)

• B. Containers (容器)

  • 1. Schoolbag (书包)
       • 特点: Straps (肩带), Compartments (隔层), Zippers (拉链)
       • 用法: "I put my books in my schoolbag."
  • 2. Pencil box (铅笔盒)
       • 用途: Holding pencils, erasers, and sharpeners (放铅笔、橡皮和卷笔刀)
       • 材质: Plastic (塑料), Metal (金属)

• C. Other Useful Words (其他有用的词汇)

  • 1. Heavy (重的)
       • 反义词: Light (轻的)
       • 用法: "My schoolbag is very heavy."
  • 2. New (新的)
       • 反义词: Old (旧的)
       • 用法: "I have a new schoolbag."
  • 3. Small (小的)
       • 反义词: Big (大的)
       • 用法: "This ruler is too small."
  • 4. Big (大的)
       • 反义词: Small (小的)
       • 用法： “That is a big book.”
  • 5. Beautiful (美丽的)
       • 用法："This is a beautiful pen."

II. Grammar (语法)

• A. What's this? (这是什么？)
  • 句型: What's this? It's a/an + 单数名词.
  • 例子: What's this? It's a book. What's this? It's an eraser. (注意an的用法，用于元音音标开头的单词)
• B. What are these? (这些是什么？)
  • 句型: What are these? They are + 复数名词.
  • 例子: What are these? They are pencils.
• C. This is my... (这是我的...)
  • 句型: This is my + 单数名词. These are my + 复数名词.
  • 例子: This is my pen. These are my books.
• D. Plural Nouns (名词复数)
  • 规则: 一般情况 + s (books, pens, rulers)
  • 特殊情况: 以s, sh, ch, x结尾的 + es (boxes, brushes, watches)
  • 不规则复数: child -> children, foot -> feet, tooth -> teeth, mouse -> mice, sheep->sheep
  • 名词单复数同形: sheep, fish

III. Sentence Structures (句型结构)

• A. Describing Items (描述物品)
  • 例句: This is a new book. That is an old pencil. These are my blue crayons.
  • 拓展: 用颜色、大小、新旧等形容词来描述物品。 My schoolbag is heavy and big.
• B. Asking Questions (提问)
  • 例句: What's in your schoolbag? Is this your pen? Are these your crayons?
  • 回答: Yes, it is. No, it isn't. Yes, they are. No, they aren't.
• C. Expressing Possession (表达所有权)
  • 例句: This is my book. This is her ruler. This is his pencil box.
  • 所有格代词: my (我的), your (你的), his (他的), her (她的), its (它的), our (我们的), their (他们的)
• D. Using "And" (使用“和”)
  • 连接名词: A pen and a pencil.
  • 连接句子: This is my book, and this is my pen.

IV. Communication (交流)

• A. Asking about items (询问物品)
  • "What's this?" "It's a..."
  • "What are these?" "They are..."
  • "Is this your...?" "Yes, it is." / "No, it isn't."
  • "Are these your...?" "Yes, they are." / "No, they aren't."
• B. Describing your schoolbag (描述你的书包)
  • "I have a schoolbag. It's (color) and (size). I have (number) books and (number) pencils in my schoolbag."
  • 例如："I have a schoolbag. It’s blue and big. I have three books and two pencils in my schoolbag."
• C. Asking for permission (请求允许)
  • "Can I borrow your (item)?" "Sure." / "Sorry, I need it now."
  • 例如：“Can I borrow your pen?” "Sure."

V. Cultural Awareness (文化意识)

• A. Different School Systems (不同的学校系统)
  • 简要介绍不同国家的学校系统，例如美国、英国等。
• B. School Supplies in Different Cultures (不同文化中的文具)
  • 展示一些不同国家学生使用的特殊文具，例如日本的书道用具。
• C. The Importance of Education (教育的重要性)
  • 强调教育对于个人和社会发展的重要性。

VI. Activities (活动)

• A. Vocabulary Game (词汇游戏)
  • 猜词游戏: 描述一个物品，让学生猜。
  • 配对游戏: 将词汇和图片配对。
• B. Role-Playing (角色扮演)
  • 模拟在学校情景，例如借文具、询问物品等。
• C. Drawing and Labeling (绘画和标签)
  • 让学生画自己的书包，然后标上书包里的物品。
• D. Songs and Chants (歌曲和童谣)
  • 学习关于书包、文具的英语歌曲或童谣。

VII. Extension (拓展)

• A. More School Subjects (更多学科)
  • Math (数学), Science (科学), Music (音乐), Art (美术), P.E. (体育), Chinese (语文), History (历史), Geography (地理)
• B. School Rules (学校规章制度)
  • Be quiet in the library. Listen to the teacher. Raise your hand before speaking. Respect your classmates.
• C. Responsibility (责任)
  • Taking care of your school supplies. Keeping your schoolbag organized. Preparing for class.
• D. Writing a Short Paragraph (写一个短段落)
  • Write a short paragraph about your schoolbag, including its color, size, and what's inside. (写一段关于你书包的短段落，包括颜色、大小和里面有什么。)