《英语the spring festival思维导图》

中央主题: The Spring Festival (Chinese New Year)

一级分支：

• I. Time & Origin (时间和起源)

  • A. Lunar Calendar:
    • 1. Based on the cycles of the moon. (基于月亮的周期)
    • 2. Differs from the Gregorian calendar. (与公历不同)
    • 3. Date varies each year (January 21st - February 20th). (日期每年都不同，在1月21日到2月20日之间)
    • 4. Signals the end of winter and the beginning of spring. (标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始)
  • B. Origin & Legends:
    • 1. Legend of Nian (年兽的传说)
         • a. A mythical beast that terrorized villages. (一种袭击村庄的神话野兽)
         • b. Scared away by loud noises, red color, and fire. (被巨大的噪音、红色和火吓跑)
    • 2. Agricultural roots - celebration of harvest and praying for a good new year. (农业根源 - 庆祝丰收，祈祷新年好运)
    • 3. Over 4,000 years of history. (超过4000年的历史)

• II. Preparations (准备工作)

  • A. Cleaning House:
    • 1. Thorough cleaning to sweep away bad luck. (彻底清洁，扫除霉运)
    • 2. Symbolizes getting rid of the old and welcoming the new. (象征着除旧迎新)
  • B. Shopping:
    • 1. Buying new clothes, especially red ones, for good luck. (购买新衣服，特别是红色的，为了好运)
    • 2. Purchasing decorations, food, and gifts for family and friends. (购买装饰品、食物和礼物送给亲朋好友)
    • 3. Festive markets are common. (节日市场很常见)
  • C. Decorations:
    • 1. Red lanterns (红灯笼)
    • 2. Spring couplets (春联)
         • a. Placed on door frames with auspicious messages. (贴在门框上，带有吉祥的信息)
    • 3. Paper cuttings (剪纸)
         • a. Often depicting zodiac animals or good fortune. (通常描绘十二生肖动物或好运)
    • 4. Upside-down "Fu" character (倒着的“福”字)
         • a. Represents good fortune arriving. (代表好运到来)

• III. Traditions & Customs (传统习俗)

  • A. Reunion Dinner (年夜饭):
    • 1. Most important meal of the year. (一年中最重要的一餐)
    • 2. Family members travel from far and wide to be together. (家庭成员从四面八方赶来团聚)
    • 3. Dishes with symbolic meanings, such as: (菜肴具有象征意义，例如：)
         • a. Dumplings (饺子) – symbolize wealth. (象征财富)
         • b. Fish (鱼) – symbolize surplus and abundance. (象征富裕)
         • c. Spring rolls (春卷) – symbolize wealth. (象征财富)
         • d. Noodles (面条) – symbolize longevity. (象征长寿)
  • B. Giving Red Envelopes (红包):
    • 1. Red envelopes (Hongbao) containing money given to children and unmarried adults. (装有钱的红包送给孩子和未婚成年人)
    • 2. Symbolizes good luck and prosperity. (象征着好运和繁荣)
    • 3. Increasingly common to give electronic red envelopes via mobile apps. (通过手机应用程序发送电子红包越来越普遍)
  • C. Watching Lion and Dragon Dances (舞龙舞狮):
    • 1. Traditional dances performed to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits. (传统舞蹈表演，带来好运，驱赶邪灵)
    • 2. Involves elaborate costumes and intricate movements. (包括精致的服装和复杂的动作)
  • D. Setting off Firecrackers and Fireworks (放鞭炮和烟花):
    • 1. Traditionally used to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck. (传统上用来驱赶邪灵，带来好运)
    • 2. Creates a festive and celebratory atmosphere. (营造节日和喜庆气氛)
    • 3. Regulations vary regarding the use of fireworks due to safety concerns. (由于安全问题，关于烟花使用的规定各不相同)
  • E. Visiting Relatives and Friends (拜年):
    • 1. Exchanging greetings and well wishes for the new year. (互致问候和新年祝福)
    • 2. Giving gifts to relatives and friends. (给亲朋好友送礼)
    • 3. Strengthening family and community bonds. (加强家庭和社区的联系)

• IV. Zodiac Animals (十二生肖)

  • A. Cycle:
    • 1. A 12-year cycle, with each year represented by a different animal. (一个12年的周期，每年由不同的动物代表)
    • 2. The cycle repeats every 12 years. (这个周期每12年重复一次)
  • B. Animals:
    • 1. Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. (鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪)
  • C. Significance:
    • 1. People believe that the animal of the year they were born in influences their personality and fortune. (人们认为，他们出生年份的动物会影响他们的性格和命运)
    • 2. Each animal has its own characteristics and symbolic meaning. (每种动物都有其自身的特征和象征意义)

• V. Food (食物)

  • A. Dumplings (饺子):
    • 1. Shaped like ancient Chinese money, symbolizing wealth. (形状像古代中国货币，象征财富)
    • 2. Often filled with meat and vegetables. (通常里面装着肉和蔬菜)
  • B. Spring Rolls (春卷):
    • 1. Golden and crispy, symbolizing wealth. (金黄酥脆，象征财富)
    • 2. Filled with vegetables and meat. (里面装着蔬菜和肉)
  • C. Fish (鱼):
    • 1. Symbolizes abundance and surplus. (象征着富裕)
    • 2. Often served whole, representing completeness. (通常整条上桌，代表完整)
  • D. Nian Gao (年糕):
    • 1. Sticky rice cake, symbolizing progress and improvement. (糯米糕，象征进步和提高)
    • 2. Can be sweet or savory. (可以是甜的，也可以是咸的)
  • E. Tangerines and Oranges (橘子和橙子):
    • 1. Symbolize wealth and good fortune. (象征着财富和好运)
    • 2. Their round shape represents completeness. (它们的圆形代表完整)

• VI. Greetings (问候语)

  • A. Common Phrases:
    • 1. "Happy New Year!" (新年快乐！) - Xin Nian Kuai Le! (新年快乐！)
    • 2. "Wishing you prosperity!" (恭喜发财！) - Gong Xi Fa Cai! (恭喜发财！)
    • 3. "May all your wishes come true!" (万事如意！) - Wan Shi Ru Yi! (万事如意！)
    • 4. "Good health and good luck!" (身体健康，万事如意！) - Shen Ti Jian Kang, Wan Shi Ru Yi! (身体健康，万事如意！)
  • B. Regional Variations:
    • 1. Different regions may have specific greetings and well wishes. (不同的地区可能有特定的问候语和祝福)

• VII. Modern Celebrations (现代庆祝)

  • A. Government Holiday:
    • 1. Official public holiday in many countries with significant Chinese populations. (在许多华人人口众多的国家是官方公共假日)
  • B. Travel:
    • 1. The largest annual human migration as people return home for family reunions. (作为人们回家团圆的最大年度人口迁徙)
    • 2. High demand for transportation, resulting in increased prices and crowded conditions. (对交通运输需求量大，导致价格上涨和拥挤)
  • C. Television and Entertainment:
    • 1. CCTV New Year's Gala is a widely watched television program. (央视春节联欢晚会是广受欢迎的电视节目)
    • 2. Special events and performances are held throughout the festival period. (整个节日期间都会举行特别活动和表演)
  • D. Global Celebrations:
    • 1. Celebrated by Chinese communities around the world. (世界各地的华人社区都会庆祝)
    • 2. Increasing recognition and appreciation of Chinese culture. (对中国文化的认识和欣赏日益提高)