《春节的习俗活动思维导图》

中心主题：春节的习俗活动

一、节前准备 (Preparation Before the Festival)

• 1. 办年货 (Shopping for the New Year)

  • 食品 (Food):
    • 糖果 (Candy): 花生糖、瓜子糖、酥糖等 (Peanut candy, melon seed candy, crispy candy, etc.)
    • 干果 (Dried Fruit): 瓜子、花生、开心果、杏仁等 (Melon seeds, peanuts, pistachios, almonds, etc.)
    • 肉类 (Meat): 香肠、腊肉、风鸡等 (Sausage, cured meat, preserved chicken, etc.)
    • 水果 (Fruits): 橘子、苹果、甘蔗等 (Oranges, apples, sugar cane, etc.) – 寓意吉祥 (Symbolizing good luck)
    • 糕点 (Pastries): 年糕 (Nian Gao - New Year Cake) – 寓意“年年高升” (Symbolizing progress and promotion each year)
  • 用品 (Supplies):
    • 春联 (Spring Couplets): 红纸黑字，贴于门框两侧 (Red paper with black ink, pasted on both sides of the door frame)
    • 年画 (New Year Paintings): 吉祥图案，寓意美好 (Auspicious patterns, symbolizing beauty and good fortune)
    • 灯笼 (Lanterns): 红灯笼，增添节日气氛 (Red lanterns, adding to the festive atmosphere)
    • 红包 (Red Envelopes): 装压岁钱 (Used to hold lucky money)
    • 鞭炮/烟花 (Firecrackers/Fireworks): 驱邪避灾，增添喜庆 (Drive away evil spirits and bring joy)
  • 新衣 (New Clothes): 寓意辞旧迎新 (Symbolizing bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new)

• 2. 大扫除 (Spring Cleaning)

  • 彻底清洁房屋 (Thorough cleaning of the house): 清理灰尘、杂物 (Cleaning dust and debris)
  • 寓意扫除旧年的晦气 (Symbolizing sweeping away bad luck from the past year)
  • 迎接新年的好运 (Welcoming good luck in the New Year)

• 3. 祭灶 (Worshiping the Kitchen God)

  • 腊月二十三/二十四 (23rd or 24th day of the twelfth lunar month)
  • 送灶神上天 (Sending the Kitchen God to heaven): 汇报人间善恶 (To report on the good and evil of the human world)
  • 用糖瓜等供品 (Offering candy and other sacrifices)
  • 希望灶神在玉帝面前说好话 (Hoping the Kitchen God will speak well of the family before the Jade Emperor)

二、除夕 (New Year's Eve)

• 1. 贴春联 (Pasting Spring Couplets)

  • 春联内容：表达对新年的美好祝愿 (Content expressing good wishes for the New Year)
  • 横批：概括春联的主题 (Horizontal scroll summarizing the theme of the Spring Couplets)
  • 贴福字 (Pasting "Fu" character): 有时倒贴，寓意“福到” (Sometimes pasted upside down, meaning "good fortune arrives")

• 2. 年夜饭 (New Year's Eve Dinner)

  • 全家团聚 (Family reunion): 象征着家庭和睦 (Symbolizing family harmony)
  • 丰盛的菜肴 (Lavish dishes): 鸡、鸭、鱼、肉等 (Chicken, duck, fish, meat, etc.)
  • 饺子 (Dumplings): 形状像元宝，寓意“招财进宝” (Shape like ingots, symbolizing "attracting wealth and treasure") – 北方习俗 (Northern custom)
  • 年糕 (Nian Gao - New Year Cake): 寓意“年年高升” (Symbolizing progress and promotion each year)
  • 鱼 (Fish): 寓意“年年有余” (Symbolizing "abundance every year")
  • 春卷 (Spring Rolls): 寓意“黄金万两” (Symbolizing "ten thousand taels of gold")

• 3. 守岁 (Staying Up Late on New Year's Eve)

  • 熬夜迎接新年 (Staying up late to welcome the New Year)
  • 观看春节联欢晚会 (Watching the Spring Festival Gala)
  • 放鞭炮/烟花 (Setting off firecrackers/fireworks): 驱邪避灾，增添喜庆 (Drive away evil spirits and bring joy)
  • 聊天、玩游戏 (Chatting and playing games)

• 4. 压岁钱 (Lucky Money)

  • 长辈给晚辈红包 (Elders give red envelopes to younger generations)
  • 寓意保佑晚辈平安健康 (Meaning to bless the younger generation with peace and health)
  • 红包里的金额通常是吉利数字 (The amount of money in the red envelope is usually a lucky number)

三、春节期间 (During the Spring Festival)

• 1. 拜年 (New Year Greetings)

  • 正月初一 (The first day of the first lunar month)
  • 走亲访友 (Visiting relatives and friends)
  • 互相拜年，说吉祥话 (Exchanging New Year greetings and saying auspicious words)
  • 晚辈给长辈拜年 (Younger generations pay New Year respects to elders)
  • 长辈给晚辈红包 (Elders give red envelopes to younger generations)

• 2. 逛庙会 (Temple Fairs)

  • 各种民俗表演 (Various folk performances): 舞龙、舞狮、秧歌等 (Dragon dance, lion dance, Yangko dance, etc.)
  • 特色小吃 (Special snacks): 糖葫芦、棉花糖、烤肉串等 (Tanghulu, cotton candy, grilled skewers, etc.)
  • 民间工艺品 (Folk handicrafts): 风车、泥人、剪纸等 (Windmills, clay figurines, paper cuttings, etc.)
  • 娱乐活动 (Entertainment activities): 猜灯谜、套圈等 (Guessing lantern riddles, ring toss, etc.)

• 3. 祭祖 (Ancestor Worship)

  • 祭拜祖先 (Worshiping ancestors): 表达对祖先的怀念和敬意 (Expressing remembrance and respect for ancestors)
  • 摆放供品 (Placing offerings): 饭菜、水果、点心等 (Dishes, fruits, snacks, etc.)
  • 烧纸钱 (Burning paper money): 给祖先送钱 (Sending money to ancestors)

• 4. 赏花灯 (Enjoying Lanterns)

  • 元宵节 (Lantern Festival) – 正月十五 (15th day of the first lunar month)
  • 各种形状的花灯 (Lanterns of various shapes): 动物、人物、花卉等 (Animals, figures, flowers, etc.)
  • 猜灯谜 (Guessing lantern riddles): 增加节日乐趣 (Adding to the festive fun)
  • 赏月 (Moon viewing): 象征团圆 (Symbolizing reunion)
  • 吃元宵/汤圆 (Eating Yuanxiao/Tangyuan): 寓意团团圆圆 (Symbolizing family reunion)

四、节日禁忌 (Festival Taboos)

• 1. 忌说不吉利的话 (Avoid saying unlucky words)

  • 比如“死”、“病”、“穷”等 (Such as "death", "illness", "poverty", etc.)
  • 要多说吉祥话 (Say more auspicious words)

• 2. 忌打破东西 (Avoid breaking things)

  • 打破东西被认为是不吉利的象征 (Breaking things is considered an unlucky omen)
  • 如果不小心打破了，要说“岁岁平安” (If you accidentally break something, say "Sui Sui Ping An" - May you have peace year after year)

• 3. 忌倒垃圾 (Avoid throwing out garbage)

  • 倒垃圾被认为会倒掉财运 (Throwing out garbage is believed to throw away wealth)
  • 一般年初五才开始倒垃圾 (Generally garbage is not thrown out until the fifth day of the new year)

• 4. 忌理发 (Avoid getting a haircut)

  • 正月理发，死舅舅 (Getting a haircut in the first month is considered inauspicious) – 一种说法 (One saying)

• 5. 忌借钱 (Avoid lending money)

  • 过年借钱被认为会穷一年 (Lending money during the New Year is believed to lead to poverty for the whole year)

五、节日意义 (Significance of the Festival)

• 1. 家庭团聚 (Family Reunion)

  • 春节是家庭团聚的重要时刻 (Spring Festival is an important time for family reunion)
  • 在外工作的人们会赶回家过年 (People working away from home will rush home for the New Year)

• 2. 传承文化 (Cultural Heritage)

  • 春节是中华民族最重要的传统节日 (Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival of the Chinese nation)
  • 各种习俗活动承载着丰富的文化内涵 (Various customs and activities carry rich cultural connotations)

• 3. 辞旧迎新 (Bidding Farewell to the Old and Welcoming the New)

  • 春节是辞旧迎新的时刻 (Spring Festival is a time to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new)
  • 人们希望在新的一年里一切顺利，幸福安康 (People hope for everything to go smoothly, with happiness and good health in the New Year)

• 4. 祈福纳祥 (Praying for Blessings and Good Fortune)

  • 春节期间的各种活动都寄托着人们对美好生活的向往 (Various activities during the Spring Festival are filled with people's yearning for a better life)
  • 祈求新的一年风调雨顺，五谷丰登 (Praying for good weather and abundant harvests in the New Year)