《英语思维导图五上foods and drinks》

中心主题：Foods and Drinks (食物和饮料)

I. Food Groups (食物类别)

• A. Grains (谷物)

  • 定义: 植物的种子，是重要的能量来源。
  • 例子:
    • Rice (米饭): White rice, brown rice, sticky rice.
    • Bread (面包): White bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread, baguette.
    • Pasta (面条): Spaghetti, macaroni, penne, noodles.
    • Cereal (谷物): Corn flakes, oatmeal, granola.
  • 形容词: Nutritious, filling, staple food.
  • 相关短语: A bowl of rice, a slice of bread, a plate of pasta.
  • 文化联想: Different cultures have different staple grains (例如，亚洲是米饭，欧洲是面包)。

• B. Vegetables (蔬菜)

  • 定义: 植物的可食用部分，富含维生素和矿物质。
  • 例子:
    • Leafy Greens (绿叶蔬菜): Lettuce, spinach, cabbage, kale.
    • Root Vegetables (根类蔬菜): Carrots, potatoes, beets, radishes.
    • Cruciferous Vegetables (十字花科蔬菜): Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts.
    • Fruits Used as Vegetables (被当作蔬菜的水果): Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers.
  • 形容词: Fresh, healthy, colorful, crunchy, juicy (针对特定蔬菜).
  • 相关短语: Eat your vegetables, fresh vegetables, raw vegetables, cooked vegetables.
  • 益处: Boosts immunity, provides fiber, aids digestion.

• C. Fruits (水果)

  • 定义: 植物的甜味、多汁的可食用部分，由花发育而来。
  • 例子:
    • Berries (浆果): Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries.
    • Citrus Fruits (柑橘类水果): Oranges, lemons, grapefruits, limes.
    • Stone Fruits (核果): Peaches, plums, cherries, apricots.
    • Tropical Fruits (热带水果): Bananas, mangoes, pineapples, papayas.
  • 形容词: Sweet, sour, juicy, ripe, delicious.
  • 相关短语: A piece of fruit, fresh fruit salad, eat fruit every day.
  • 益处: Rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber.

• D. Protein (蛋白质)

  • 定义: 构建身体细胞的必需营养素。
  • 例子:
    • Meat (肉类): Beef, pork, chicken, lamb.
    • Seafood (海鲜): Fish (salmon, tuna, cod), shrimp, crab, lobster.
    • Legumes (豆类): Beans, lentils, chickpeas.
    • Nuts and Seeds (坚果和种子): Almonds, walnuts, peanuts, sunflower seeds.
    • Eggs (鸡蛋)
  • 形容词: Lean, grilled, fried, boiled.
  • 相关短语: High in protein, a source of protein, lean meat.
  • 益处: Builds muscle, repairs tissues.

• E. Dairy (乳制品)

  • 定义: 由牛奶制成的食品。
  • 例子: Milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, ice cream.
  • 形容词: Creamy, smooth, rich, cheesy.
  • 相关短语: A glass of milk, a slice of cheese, dairy products.
  • 益处: Good source of calcium for strong bones.

II. Drinks (饮料)

• A. Water (水)

  • 描述: Essential for life, helps with bodily functions.
  • 种类: Tap water, bottled water, sparkling water.
  • 形容词: Refreshing, pure, clean, cold.
  • 相关短语: Drink plenty of water, stay hydrated.
  • 重要性: Crucial for overall health and well-being.

• B. Juice (果汁)

  • 描述: Extracted from fruits or vegetables.
  • 例子: Orange juice, apple juice, grape juice, vegetable juice.
  • 形容词: Sweet, tangy, fresh.
  • 相关短语: Freshly squeezed juice, a glass of juice.

• C. Soda (苏打水/汽水)

  • 描述: Carbonated beverages, often with added sugar and flavorings.
  • 例子: Coke, Sprite, Pepsi.
  • 形容词: Fizzy, sweet, bubbly.
  • 健康提示: Limit intake due to high sugar content.

• D. Tea (茶)

  • 描述: Aromatic beverage made by infusing dried tea leaves in hot water.
  • 种类: Black tea, green tea, herbal tea.
  • 形容词: Hot, fragrant, relaxing.
  • 相关短语: A cup of tea, tea time.

• E. Coffee (咖啡)

  • 描述: Brewed beverage made from roasted coffee beans.
  • 种类: Black coffee, latte, cappuccino.
  • 形容词: Strong, bitter, aromatic.
  • 相关短语: A cup of coffee, coffee break.

III. Cooking Methods (烹饪方法)

• A. Baking (烘焙)

  • 描述: Cooking food in an oven using dry heat.
  • 例子: Bread, cakes, cookies.

• B. Frying (油炸)

  • 描述: Cooking food in hot oil.
  • 例子: French fries, fried chicken.

• C. Boiling (煮沸)

  • 描述: Cooking food in boiling water.
  • 例子: Pasta, eggs, vegetables.

• D. Grilling (烧烤)

  • 描述: Cooking food over an open flame.
  • 例子: Burgers, steaks, vegetables.

• E. Steaming (蒸煮)

  • 描述: Cooking food using steam.
  • 例子: Vegetables, dumplings.

IV. Tastes (口味)

• A. Sweet (甜)

  • 例子: Candy, ice cream, honey.

• B. Sour (酸)

  • 例子: Lemon, vinegar, yogurt.

• C. Salty (咸)

  • 例子: Chips, pretzels, soy sauce.

• D. Bitter (苦)

  • 例子: Coffee, dark chocolate, broccoli.

• E. Spicy (辣)

  • 例子: Chili peppers, hot sauce.

V. Meal Times (用餐时间)

• A. Breakfast (早餐)

  • 典型食物: Cereal, toast, eggs, fruit, juice.

• B. Lunch (午餐)

  • 典型食物: Sandwiches, salads, soup, leftovers.

• C. Dinner (晚餐)

  • 典型食物: Meat, vegetables, rice/pasta, soup.

• D. Snacks (零食)

  • 例子: Fruits, nuts, yogurt, crackers.

VI. Food Preferences (食物偏好)

• A. Likes (喜欢)

  • "I like..."
  • "My favorite food is..."
  • "I enjoy eating..."

• B. Dislikes (不喜欢)

  • "I don't like..."
  • "I hate..."
  • "I dislike..."

• C. Dietary Restrictions (饮食限制)

  • Vegetarian (素食主义者)
  • Vegan (严格素食主义者)
  • Allergies (过敏): Nut allergy, dairy allergy, etc.

VII. Asking for Food (询问食物)

• A. Ordering in a restaurant (在餐厅点餐)

  • "Can I have...?"
  • "I would like..."
  • "What do you recommend?"

• B. Asking at home (在家询问)

  • "What's for dinner?"
  • "Can I have a snack?"
  • "Is there any...?"

VIII. Food-Related Verbs (与食物相关的动词)

• Eat (吃)
• Drink (喝)
• Cook (烹饪)
• Bake (烘焙)
• Fry (油炸)
• Boil (煮沸)
• Grill (烧烤)
• Steam (蒸)
• Taste (品尝)
• Prepare (准备)
• Serve (服务/上菜)