《初一英语第九单元思维导图上册》

中心主题: Unit 9: When was he born?

I. 语法重点: 过去式 (Past Simple)

• 定义: 描述过去发生的动作或状态。
• 构成:
  • 规则动词: 动词原形 + -ed (e.g., played, watched, listened)
    • 拼写规则:
      • 一般情况下直接加-ed (e.g., work - worked)
      • 以字母e结尾，直接加-d (e.g., like - liked)
      • 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，加-ed (e.g., study - studied)
      • 重读闭音节，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，加-ed (e.g., stop - stopped)
  • 不规则动词: 没有固定规则，需要记忆 (e.g., go - went, see - saw, be - was/were)
    • 常见不规则动词表格:
      • be (am/is/are) - was/were
      • do - did
      • go - went
      • see - saw
      • have - had
      • eat - ate
      • come - came
      • make - made
      • write - wrote
      • read - read (读音不同)
      • take - took
      • give - gave
      • find - found
      • think - thought
• 用法:
  • 描述过去发生并已结束的动作。(e.g., I went to the park yesterday.)
  • 描述过去习惯性的动作。(e.g., He played football every day when he was young.)
  • 描述过去一段时间内发生的事情。(e.g., She lived in Beijing for ten years.)
• 肯定句: Subject + Past Simple verb form + Object/Adverbial (e.g., I saw a movie last night.)
• 否定句: Subject + did not (didn't) + verb (base form) + Object/Adverbial (e.g., I didn't see a movie last night.)
• 一般疑问句: Did + Subject + verb (base form) + Object/Adverbial? (e.g., Did you see a movie last night?)
  • 肯定回答: Yes, I did.
  • 否定回答: No, I didn't.
• 特殊疑问句: Question word + did + Subject + verb (base form) + Object/Adverbial? (e.g., When did you see the movie?)
• 时间状语: yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year, ago (e.g., two days ago), in 1990, when I was young.

II. 词汇重点:

• 表示出生年份的词汇:
  • year: 年
  • month: 月
  • day: 日
  • born: 出生
  • birthday: 生日
  • date of birth: 出生日期
• 人物及职业相关词汇:
  • scientist: 科学家
  • writer: 作家
  • musician: 音乐家
  • artist: 艺术家
  • inventor: 发明家
  • leader: 领导者
  • president: 总统
  • doctor: 医生
  • teacher: 老师
• 动词及相关词汇:
  • live: 居住，生活 (lived)
  • study: 学习 (studied)
  • become: 成为 (became)
  • invent: 发明 (invented)
  • discover: 发现 (discovered)
  • write: 写 (wrote)
  • play: 演奏，玩 (played)
  • win: 赢得 (won)
  • die: 死 (died)
• 形容词及相关词汇:
  • famous: 著名的
  • great: 伟大的
  • important: 重要的
  • young: 年轻的
  • old: 年老的
  • successful: 成功的

III. 句型结构:

• When was he/she born? He/She was born in…
• He/She was born on…
• What did he/she do? He/She …
• He/She became a …
• He/She lived in …
• He/She died in…
• He/She was famous for…
• He/She wrote/played…

IV. 功能用语:

• 询问和谈论人物的出生时间 (Asking and talking about someone's date of birth)
• 谈论人物的成就和贡献 (Talking about someone's achievements and contributions)
• 用过去式描述过去发生的事情 (Describing events in the past using the Past Simple tense)

V. 文化背景知识:

• 了解一些著名人物的生平和贡献，例如：
  • Albert Einstein (爱因斯坦): 科学家
  • William Shakespeare (莎士比亚): 作家
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (莫扎特): 音乐家
  • Leonardo da Vinci (达芬奇): 艺术家
  • Marie Curie (居里夫人): 科学家
  • Thomas Edison (爱迪生): 发明家
• 了解不同国家的名人及其对世界的贡献。

VI. 练习题型:

• 单项选择题 (选择正确的过去式动词形式)
• 完成句子 (用正确的过去式动词填空)
• 改错题 (找出并改正句子中的错误)
• 阅读理解 (阅读短文，回答有关过去发生的事情的问题)
• 写作 (写一篇关于一个著名人物的短文，使用过去式)
• 口语练习 (互相询问对方关于过去经历的问题)

VII. 易错点:

• 不规则动词的过去式形式记忆不准确。
• 忘记在否定句和疑问句中使用动词原形。
• 混淆过去式和现在时。
• 拼写错误，特别是规则动词加-ed时的拼写规则。

VIII. 学习技巧:

• 制作不规则动词表格，经常背诵。
• 多做练习，巩固语法知识。
• 阅读英文文章，增加词汇量。
• 观看英文电影或电视节目，提高听力水平。
• 积极参与课堂活动，勇于提问。
• 与同学互相帮助，共同进步。

IX. 单元拓展:

• 可以扩展到学习使用时间状语来表达具体的过去时间。
• 可以引入更多不同领域的著名人物进行学习。
• 可以鼓励学生查找自己感兴趣的历史人物，并进行Presentation。
• 可以进行角色扮演，模拟采访历史人物。

This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of Unit 9 in a typical 7th grade (初一) English textbook. It covers grammar, vocabulary, sentence structures, functional language, cultural background, practice exercises, common mistakes, learning tips, and even extension activities. It's designed to be a helpful tool for students to understand and master the material in this unit.