《初中英语数词思维导图》
I. 基数词 (Cardinal Numbers)
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A. 1-12: 英语数词的基础,必须牢记。
- 1: one
- 2: two
- 3: three
- 4: four
- 5: five
- 6: six
- 7: seven
- 8: eight
- 9: nine
- 10: ten
- 11: eleven
- 12: twelve
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B. 13-19: “teen” 结尾,注意拼写规则变化,如 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen。
- 13: thirteen
- 14: fourteen
- 15: fifteen
- 16: sixteen
- 17: seventeen
- 18: eighteen
- 19: nineteen
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C. 整十数 (Tens): “ty” 结尾,需要特别记忆拼写。
- 20: twenty
- 30: thirty
- 40: forty
- 50: fifty
- 60: sixty
- 70: seventy
- 80: eighty
- 90: ninety
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D. 两位数: 十位数 + 个位数,用连字符连接。
- 例如:21 (twenty-one), 35 (thirty-five), 99 (ninety-nine)
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E. 百位数 (Hundreds): 数量词 + hundred (+ and + 两位数/个位数)。
- 例如:100 (one hundred), 200 (two hundred), 101 (one hundred and one), 256 (two hundred and fifty-six)
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F. 千位数 (Thousands): 数量词 + thousand (+ hundred + and + 两位数/个位数)。
- 例如:1,000 (one thousand), 5,000 (five thousand), 1,234 (one thousand two hundred and thirty-four)
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G. 百万数 (Millions): 数量词 + million (+ thousand + hundred + and + 两位数/个位数)。
- 例如:1,000,000 (one million), 2,500,000 (two million five hundred thousand)
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H. 十亿数 (Billions): 数量词 + billion (+ million + thousand + hundred + and + 两位数/个位数)。
- 例如:1,000,000,000 (one billion)
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I. 数词的特殊形式: 注意某些数字的拼写变化。
- 例如:five - fifth, twelve - twelfth
II. 序数词 (Ordinal Numbers)
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A. 基本规则: 在基数词后加 "-th",但需要注意特殊变化。
- 例如:four - fourth, six - sixth
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B. 特殊变化: 需要特殊记忆。
- 1st: first
- 2nd: second
- 3rd: third
- 5th: fifth
- 8th: eighth
- 9th: ninth
- 12th: twelfth
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C. 两位数以上的序数词: 只将个位数变成序数词。
- 例如:21st (twenty-first), 32nd (thirty-second), 43rd (forty-third)
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D. 用途: 表示顺序,日期等。
- 例如:the first day, the second lesson, July 4th
III. 分数 (Fractions)
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A. 构成: 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。
- 例如:1/2 (one half), 1/3 (one third), 1/4 (one fourth/one quarter), 2/3 (two thirds), 3/4 (three fourths/three quarters)
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B. 特殊表达: 某些分数有特殊表达方式。
- 1/2: a half
- 1/4: a quarter
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C. 混合数: 整数 + and + 分数。
- 例如:2 1/2 (two and a half), 3 1/4 (three and a quarter)
IV. 小数 (Decimals)
- A. 读法: 小数点读作 "point",小数点后的数字依次读出。
- 例如:0.5 (zero point five), 1.23 (one point two three), 3.14159 (three point one four one five nine)
V. 百分数 (Percentages)
- A. 读法: 数字 + percent。
- 例如:5% (five percent), 50% (fifty percent), 100% (one hundred percent)
VI. 数词的用法
- A. 表示年龄: He is ten years old.
- B. 表示日期: Today is May 1st.
- C. 表示时间: It's five o'clock.
- D. 表示价格: It costs ten dollars.
- E. 表示数量: I have three books.
- F. 在名词短语中: a two-year-old boy (注意单数形式)
- G. 用作名词: The Big Five (五大公司)
VII. 数词的注意事项
- A. hundred, thousand, million, billion 的复数形式: 通常不用复数形式,除非表示“成百上千”的概念。
- 例如:hundreds of people (数百人), thousands of stars (成千上万颗星星)
- B. 数词的单复数一致问题: 要注意修饰名词的单复数形式保持一致。
- C. 英语表达习惯: 注意英语在表达数字时的习惯用语,例如 dozen (一打,十二个)。
VIII. 练习与巩固
- A. 数字听写: 通过听写练习,提高对数字的敏感度和反应速度。
- B. 数字翻译: 将中文数字翻译成英文,或者将英文数字翻译成中文。
- C. 实际应用: 在日常生活中,有意识地运用英语数词进行表达,例如购物、问路等。
- D. 查漏补缺: 定期复习和总结,及时发现并解决学习中遇到的问题。
This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of numbers in junior high school English, covering cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, fractions, decimals, percentages, usage, precautions, and practice. Understanding and mastering these concepts is crucial for effective communication in English.