《六下英语第二单元思维导图》

核心主题：Going to the Zoo

I. Vocabulary （词汇）

• A. Animals （动物）

  • 1. Mammals （哺乳动物）
       • a. Lion （狮子）：Physical characteristics (mane, claws, teeth), Habitat (savanna, grasslands), Diet (meat), Behavior (roaring, hunting), Conservation status (vulnerable)
       • b. Tiger （老虎）：Stripes, Habitat (forests, jungles), Diet (meat), Behavior (stalking, pouncing), Conservation status (endangered)
       • c. Elephant （大象）：Trunk, tusks, Habitat (savannas, forests), Diet (plants), Behavior (communication, migration), Conservation status (vulnerable)
       • d. Monkey （猴子）：Tail, agility, Habitat (forests, jungles), Diet (fruits, insects), Behavior (climbing, grooming), Different types (e.g., chimpanzee, gorilla)
       • e. Zebra （斑马）：Stripes, Habitat (grasslands, savannas), Diet (grass), Behavior (herding), Purpose of stripes (camouflage, insect repellent?)
  • 2. Birds （鸟类）
       • a. Parrot （鹦鹉）：Colorful feathers, beak, Habitat (tropical forests), Diet (seeds, nuts, fruits), Behavior (mimicking, talking)
       • b. Eagle （鹰）：Sharp eyesight, talons, Habitat (mountains, forests), Diet (meat), Behavior (soaring, hunting)
       • c. Penguin （企鹅）：Flightless, adapted to cold, Habitat (Antarctica), Diet (fish), Behavior (waddling, swimming)
  • 3. Reptiles （爬行动物）
       • a. Snake （蛇）：Scales, no limbs, Habitat (various), Diet (meat), Behavior (slithering, shedding), Types (e.g., cobra, python)
       • b. Crocodile （鳄鱼）：Scales, powerful jaws, Habitat (rivers, swamps), Diet (meat), Behavior (ambushing, swimming)
       • c. Turtle （海龟）：Shell, slow movement, Habitat (oceans, beaches), Diet (various), Behavior (laying eggs)
  • 4. Insects （昆虫）
       • a. Butterfly （蝴蝶）：Wings, metamorphosis, Habitat (various), Diet (nectar), Behavior (flying, pollinating)
       • b. Ant （蚂蚁）：Social insects, colony, Habitat (various), Diet (various), Behavior (working, communicating)

• B. Places （地点）

  • 1. Zoo （动物园）：Cages, enclosures, habitats, visitors, zookeepers
  • 2. Cage （笼子）：Used for keeping animals safe and secure
  • 3. Enclosure （围栏）：Larger area than a cage, allows for more natural movement
  • 4. Habitat （栖息地）：Natural environment where an animal lives
  • 5. Entrance （入口）：Where you enter the zoo
  • 6. Gift shop （礼品店）：Where you can buy souvenirs

• C. Actions （动作）

  • 1. Look at （看）：Paying attention to something with your eyes
  • 2. Feed （喂）：Giving food to an animal
  • 3. Clean （打扫）：Making something tidy and free from dirt
  • 4. Protect （保护）：Keeping something safe from harm
  • 5. Watch （观看）：Observing something for a period of time
  • 6. Climb （攀爬）：Moving upwards using your hands and feet
  • 7. Swim （游泳）：Moving through water

• D. Adjectives （形容词）

  • 1. Big （大的）：Large in size
  • 2. Small （小的）：Little in size
  • 3. Tall （高的）：High in height
  • 4. Short （矮的）：Low in height
  • 5. Beautiful （美丽的）：Pleasing to the eye
  • 6. Dangerous （危险的）：Likely to cause harm
  • 7. Interesting （有趣的）：Arousing curiosity or interest
  • 8. Cute (可爱的): Attractive in a sweet or endearing way.

II. Grammar （语法）

• A. "Going to" Future Tense (将来时)

  • 1. Affirmative Statements （肯定句）: Subject + be (am/is/are) + going to + verb (base form)
       • Example: I am going to visit the zoo tomorrow.
  • 2. Negative Statements （否定句）: Subject + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + verb (base form)
       • Example: He is not going to feed the lions.
  • 3. Questions （疑问句）: Be (Am/Is/Are) + Subject + going to + verb (base form)?
       • Example: Are you going to see the monkeys?
  • 4. Short Answers （简短回答）: Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't. Yes, we/you/they are. / No, we/you/they aren't.
  • 5. Uses:
       • a. Plans and Intentions （计划和意图）：Expressing future plans that have already been made.
       • b. Predictions Based on Evidence （基于证据的预测）：Predicting something that is likely to happen based on current evidence. Example: Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain.

• B. "Can/Can't" for Ability (情态动词can/can't 表示能力)

  • 1. Affirmative Statements （肯定句）: Subject + can + verb (base form)
       • Example: The monkey can climb trees.
  • 2. Negative Statements （否定句）: Subject + cannot/can't + verb (base form)
       • Example: The penguin can't fly.
  • 3. Questions （疑问句）: Can + Subject + verb (base form)?
       • Example: Can the parrot talk?
  • 4. Short Answers （简短回答）: Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they can. / No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they can't.
  • 5. Uses:
       • a. Expressing Ability （表达能力）：Showing what someone or something is able to do.
       • b. Expressing Possibility （表达可能性）：Showing what is possible to do.

III. Functions （功能）

• A. Talking about future plans (讨论未来计划)

  • Examples: "I am going to see the elephants." "What are you going to do at the zoo?" "We are going to have a picnic."

• B. Asking and answering questions about animal abilities (询问和回答关于动物能力的问题)

  • Examples: "Can tigers swim?" "Yes, they can." "Can snakes fly?" "No, they can't." "What can the monkeys do?" "They can climb and swing."

• C. Describing animals (描述动物)

  • Examples: "The lion is big and strong." "The parrot is colorful and beautiful." "The elephant has a long trunk."

• D. Giving instructions at the zoo (在动物园给出指示)

  • Examples: "Don't feed the animals." "Look at the map to find the monkeys." "Be quiet near the lion's cage." "Protect the environment."

IV. Culture （文化）

• A. The importance of zoos (动物园的重要性)

  • 1. Conservation （保护）：Protecting endangered species.
  • 2. Education （教育）：Teaching people about animals and their habitats.
  • 3. Research （研究）：Studying animal behavior and health.
  • 4. Recreation （娱乐）：Providing a fun and educational experience for visitors.

• B. Animal conservation efforts (动物保护工作)

  • 1. Endangered species （濒危物种）：Animals at risk of extinction.
  • 2. Habitat loss （栖息地丧失）：Destruction of animal environments.
  • 3. Poaching （偷猎）：Illegal hunting of animals.
  • 4. Organizations working to protect animals (例如: WWF, National Geographic)

V. Pronunciation (发音)

• Focus on clear pronunciation of animal names and key vocabulary. Pay attention to:
  • Vowel sounds: /i:/ (see), /æ/ (cat), /ɑ:/ (father), /u:/ (zoo)
  • Consonant sounds: /θ/ (thin), /ð/ (this), /ʃ/ (she), /tʃ/ (chew)
  • Stress patterns in multi-syllable words (e.g., e-le-phant, but-ter-fly).