一般将来时的思维导图

《一般将来时的思维导图》

中心主题：一般将来时 (Future Simple)

I. 表达方式 (Forms)

• A. will + 动词原形 (base form of verb)
  • 肯定句: 主语 + will + 动词原形
    • 例: I will go to the store.
  • 否定句: 主语 + will + not + 动词原形 (will not = won't)
    • 例: She won't come to the party.
  • 疑问句: Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
    • 例: Will you help me?
    • 肯定回答: Yes, I will.
    • 否定回答: No, I won't.
  • 简写形式: I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, they'll
• B. be going to + 动词原形 (be going to + base form of verb)
  • 肯定句: 主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形
    • 例: I am going to study English.
  • 否定句: 主语 + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形
    • 例: He is not going to play football.
  • 疑问句: Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
    • 例: Are you going to travel to Europe?
    • 肯定回答: Yes, I am. / Yes, he/she/it is. / Yes, we/you/they are.
    • 否定回答: No, I am not. / No, he/she/it is not. / No, we/you/they are not.
• C. shall + 动词原形 (shall + base form of verb) (主要用于I和We)
  • 肯定句: I/We + shall + 动词原形
    • 例: I shall call you later. (较为正式)
  • 疑问句: Shall + I/We + 动词原形? (用于提建议)
    • 例: Shall we dance?

II. 用途 (Uses)

• A. 预测 (Predictions)
  • 基于个人观点或感觉的预测
    • 使用 will
    • 例: I think it will rain tomorrow.
  • 基于现有证据或迹象的预测
    • 使用 be going to
    • 例: Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain.
• B. 意愿 (Willingness)
  • 表示乐于做某事，立即做出的决定
    • 使用 will
    • 例: I will help you with your homework. (主动提供帮助)
• C. 承诺 (Promises)
  • 作出保证或承诺
    • 使用 will
    • 例: I will always love you.
• D. 计划和意图 (Plans and Intentions)
  • 表示已经计划好或打算做的事情
    • 使用 be going to
    • 例: They are going to visit their grandparents next weekend.
• E. 提议和建议 (Offers and Suggestions)
  • 提供帮助或提出建议
    • 使用 shall (主要用于I和We的疑问句)
    • 例: Shall I open the window?
• F. 预言或无法避免的未来事件 (Inevitable Future Events)
  • 通常与时间和年龄有关
    • 使用 will
    • 例: He will be twenty years old next year.

III. 时间状语 (Time Adverbs)

• tomorrow
• next week/month/year
• in the future
• soon
• later
• the day after tomorrow
• in a few minutes/hours/days
• tonight (如果指之后的晚上)

IV. 注意事项 (Important Considerations)

• A. 区分 will 和 be going to:
  • Will 主要用于 spontanenous decisions(立即做出的决定), predictions based on opinion(基于观点的预测), promises(承诺), offers(主动提供帮助)
  • Be going to 主要用于 pre-arranged plans(事先安排好的计划), predictions based on evidence(基于证据的预测)
• B. 在时间和条件状语从句中，通常不用 will 或 be going to，而是用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
  • 时间状语从句: after, as soon as, before, when, while, until, till
    • 例: I will call you after I arrive. (而不是 after I will arrive)
  • 条件状语从句: if, unless, in case
    • 例: If it rains, we will stay at home. (而不是 If it will rain)
• C. Shall 的用法越来越少，在口语中通常用 will 代替。

V. 例句练习 (Example Sentences for Practice)

• I think it will be a beautiful day.
• She is going to start her new job next month.
• We will have a picnic on Saturday, if the weather is good.
• They won't be late for the meeting.
• Are you going to buy a new car?
• Will you please close the door?
• I shall remember this day forever.
• Shall we go for a walk?

VI. 常见错误 (Common Mistakes)

• 错误使用时间状语
• 在时间和条件状语从句中使用 will
• will 和 be going to 的混淆
• shall 的误用
• 忘记在否定句中使用 "not"