过去进行时思维导图
《过去进行时思维导图》
一、定义及构成
1.1 定义
1.1.1 描述过去某一时段正在进行的动作或状态
1.1.1.1 强调动作的持续性
1.1.1.2 非指动作完成与否
1.2 构成
1.2.1 结构公式：was/were + doing
1.2.1.1 was 用于单数主语 (I, he, she, it)
1.2.1.2 were 用于复数主语 (you, we, they) 及 you
1.2.2 动词形式：动词原形 + -ing
1.2.2.1 多数动词直接加 -ing (e.g., play -> playing)
1.2.2.2 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e 后加 -ing (e.g., write -> writing)
1.2.2.3 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再加 -ing (e.g., run -> running)
1.2.2.4 be -> being
二、用法
2.1 描述过去某一时点或某段时间正在进行的动作
2.1.1 具体时间点
2.1.1.1 例：At 8 pm yesterday, I was watching TV.
2.1.2 某段时间
2.1.2.1 例：I was working hard all day yesterday.
2.2 描述过去同时发生的两个或多个动作
2.2.1 并列关系
2.2.1.1 通常用 while 连接
2.2.1.2 例：While I was studying, my brother was playing games.
2.2.2 主次关系
2.2.2.1 主句可用过去进行时，从句可用过去简单时
2.2.2.2 例：I was walking down the street when I saw a car accident.
2.3 描述背景情况
2.3.1 小说或故事开头，用于铺垫环境氛围
2.3.1.1 例：The birds were singing, and the sun was shining brightly.
2.4 表示一种情感或重复发生的动作（带有感情色彩）
2.4.1 通常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用
2.4.1.1 例：He was always complaining about his job. (表达厌烦情绪)
2.5 与过去简单时对比
2.5.1 过去进行时强调动作的持续性，过去简单时强调动作的完成性
2.5.1.1 例：
- I was reading a book when the phone rang. (进行时：阅读被打断)
- I read a book yesterday. (简单时：阅读完成)
三、否定形式
3.1 结构公式：was/were + not + doing
3.1.1 简写形式：wasn't, weren't
3.1.1.1 例：I wasn't listening to you. They weren't playing football.
四、疑问形式
4.1 一般疑问句
4.1.1 结构公式：Was/Were + 主语 + doing?
4.1.1.1 例：Was she sleeping? Were you eating dinner?
4.1.2 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
4.2 特殊疑问句
4.2.1 结构公式：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing?
4.2.1.1 例：What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday? Where was he going?
五、时间状语
5.1 明确的时间点
5.1.1 at + 具体时间 (e.g., at 8 o'clock)
5.1.2 yesterday at + 具体时间 (e.g., yesterday at noon)
5.2 持续的时间段
5.2.1 all day/night/morning/afternoon
5.2.2 during + 时间段 (e.g., during the meeting)
5.2.3 for + 时间段 (e.g., for two hours)
5.3 引导时间状语从句的连词
5.3.1 while
5.3.2 when (从句通常用过去简单时)
5.3.3 as
5.3.4 just as
六、注意事项
6.1 状态动词通常不使用进行时
6.1.1 状态动词：表示感觉、情感、思维、存在等，如 believe, know, love, hate, want, need, see, hear, taste, smell, seem, appear等。
6.1.1.1 例：错误：I was knowing him for a long time. 正确：I knew him for a long time.
6.2 部分动词既可作状态动词，也可作动作动词，意义不同
6.2.1 think, see, taste, smell, have
6.2.1.1 例：
- I think he is right. (状态动词，表示“认为”)
- I am thinking about the problem. (动作动词，表示“正在思考”)
6.3 语境判断
6.3.1 准确理解句意，选择合适的时态
6.3.1.1 注意时间状语的提示作用
七、练习与巩固
7.1 句子改错
7.2 填空练习
7.3 情景对话
7.4 写作练习
