八年级上册第3~4思维导图英语
《八年级上册第3~4单元思维导图英语》
单元主题：Hobbies & Sports
I. Vocabulary (词汇)
A. Hobbies (爱好)
- Definition: Activities done for pleasure in one's free time. (定义：闲暇时为了乐趣而进行的活动)
- Examples:
- Active Hobbies:
- Sports (运动): playing basketball, swimming, cycling, running, hiking, yoga, dancing
- Outdoor activities (户外活动): camping, fishing, gardening, bird-watching
- DIY projects (手工项目): knitting, painting, drawing, sculpting, model building
- Passive Hobbies:
- Reading (阅读): novels, magazines, comics, biographies
- Watching movies/TV shows (看电影/电视节目): dramas, comedies, documentaries, animations
- Listening to music (听音乐): pop, rock, classical, jazz, electronic
- Creative Hobbies:
- Writing (写作): poetry, short stories, songs, blogging
- Playing a musical instrument (演奏乐器): guitar, piano, drums, violin
- Photography (摄影): landscape, portrait, street photography
- Collecting Hobbies:
- Stamps (邮票)
- Coins (硬币)
- Postcards (明信片)
- Figures (玩偶)
B. Sports (运动)
- Types:
- Team Sports: basketball, football (soccer), volleyball, baseball, rugby
- Individual Sports: swimming, running, cycling, tennis, badminton, golf, skiing, skateboarding
- Water Sports: swimming, surfing, sailing, kayaking, rowing
- Extreme Sports: snowboarding, rock climbing, bungee jumping, skydiving
- Equipment: basketball, football, tennis racket, swimming goggles, bicycle, skateboard, skis
- Venues: basketball court, football field, swimming pool, tennis court, ski resort, park
C. Verbs related to Hobbies & Sports (与爱好和运动相关的动词)
- play (玩): play basketball, play guitar, play games
- go (去): go swimming, go fishing, go hiking, go camping, go cycling
- do (做): do yoga, do karate, do gymnastics, do puzzles
- collect (收集): collect stamps, collect coins, collect postcards
- watch (观看): watch movies, watch TV shows, watch sports games
- listen (听): listen to music, listen to podcasts, listen to audiobooks
- read (阅读): read books, read magazines, read newspapers
- practice (练习): practice piano, practice tennis, practice singing
- join (加入): join a club, join a team, join a class
II. Grammar (语法)
A. Present Simple Tense (一般现在时)
- Use: Expressing habits, routines, general truths, and permanent situations. (用法：表达习惯、惯例、普遍真理和永久状态)
- Structure:
- I/You/We/They + base form of the verb (动词原形)
- He/She/It + base form of the verb + -s/-es
- Examples:
- I play basketball every weekend. (我每个周末都打篮球。)
- She reads books in her free time. (她闲暇时读书。)
- They go swimming twice a week. (他们一周游泳两次。)
B. Present Continuous Tense (现在进行时)
- Use: Expressing actions happening now, temporary situations, and planned future arrangements. (用法：表达现在正在发生的动作、临时情况和计划好的未来安排)
- Structure: am/is/are + verb + -ing
- Examples:
- I am playing basketball right now. (我现在正在打篮球。)
- She is reading a book. (她正在读书。)
- They are going swimming this afternoon. (他们今天下午要去游泳。)
C. Adverbs of Frequency (频率副词)
- Definition: Words that describe how often an action happens. (定义：描述动作发生频率的词)
- Examples: always (总是), usually (通常), often (经常), sometimes (有时), rarely/seldom (很少), never (从不)
- Placement: Usually before the main verb (but after "be" verbs). (位置：通常在主动词之前(但在 "be" 动词之后))
- Examples:
- I always play basketball on Saturdays. (我总是星期六打篮球。)
- She usually reads books before bed. (她通常在睡觉前读书。)
- They sometimes go hiking in the mountains. (他们有时会去山上远足。)
- He is never late for school. (他上学从不迟到。)
D. Likes and Dislikes (喜好)
- Expressions:
- Like/Love/Enjoy + V-ing/Noun
- Dislike/Hate/Don't like + V-ing/Noun
- Be interested in + V-ing/Noun
- Be keen on + V-ing/Noun
- Be good at + V-ing/Noun
- Be bad at + V-ing/Noun
- Examples:
- I like playing basketball. (我喜欢打篮球。)
- She enjoys reading novels. (她喜欢读小说。)
- They are interested in learning new languages. (他们对学习新语言感兴趣。)
- He is good at playing the piano. (他擅长弹钢琴。)
- I hate doing the dishes. (我讨厌洗碗。)
III. Communication (交流)
A. Asking about Hobbies (询问爱好)
- What are your hobbies?
- What do you like to do in your free time?
- What sports do you play?
- Are you interested in any hobbies?
- Do you have any hobbies?
B. Talking about Hobbies (谈论爱好)
- I like/love/enjoy...
- I am interested in...
- My favorite hobby is...
- I spend a lot of time...
- I'm good at...
C. Expressing Preferences (表达偏好)
- I prefer...
- I'd rather...
- I like... better than...
- ...is my favorite.
D. Making Suggestions (提出建议)
- Why don't you...?
- How about...?
- Let's...
- You should try...
E. Responding to Suggestions (回应建议)
- That sounds great!
- I'd love to!
- Maybe another time.
- I'm not really interested in that.
- Thanks for the suggestion, but...
IV. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)
- Skills: identifying main ideas, finding supporting details, understanding vocabulary in context, making inferences. (技巧：识别主要思想、查找支持细节、理解语境中的词汇、进行推断)
- Common topics: stories about people's hobbies, articles about sports and health, descriptions of different activities. (常见主题：关于人们爱好的故事、关于运动和健康的文章、不同活动的描述)
V. Writing (写作)
- Types: short paragraphs describing personal hobbies, letters to friends about sports events, diary entries about daily activities. (类型：描述个人爱好的短段落、关于体育赛事的给朋友的信、关于日常活动的日记)
- Focus: using correct grammar and vocabulary, organizing ideas logically, expressing opinions clearly. (重点：使用正确的语法和词汇、有逻辑地组织思想、清晰地表达观点)
